RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics

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Background. Internet discourse, traditionally studied within the paradigm of computer-mediated communication as a hybrid formation combining features of oral and written speech, is entering a qualitatively new phase of its development. The public launch of large language models (GPT-4 and equivalents) in 2022-2023 marks an algorithmic turn: generative artificial intelligence ceases to be a neutral channel for message transmission and transforms into an active participant in communication, capable of independently producing content, engaging in dialogue, and influencing the linguistic practices of millions of users. However, linguistic theory still operates within a conceptual apparatus oriented toward an anthropocentric model of discourse, which does not allow us to adequately describe the new communicative reality in which the boundaries between author, tool, and message are becoming blurred. Objective. To identify and systematize the fundamental transformations of internet discourse in the era of generative artificial intelligence, proposing a theoretical framework for their analysis within the context of digital anthropolinguistics. Materials and Methods. The study employs an interdisciplinary design combining methods of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. The material comprises three original contrasting corpora with a total volume of 1.5 million word usages in Russian and English: (1) a corpus of human-to-human communication (H2H), representing the “pre-algorithmic” era (up to 2021); (2) a corpus of prompts (H2A), capturing the new genre reality of human-algorithm communication; and (3) a corpus of AI-generated texts (A2H), reflecting the specificity of algorithmic discourse. Results. Quantitative analysis, for the first time on representative material, confirmed the hypothesis of discourse homogenization: the A2H corpus demonstrates a 37.6% reduction in lexical diversity and a 45.3% reduction in syntactic diversity compared to the human communication corpus. The genre specificity of the prompt as a new type of discursive practice has been identified - a directive-exploratory genre characterized by imperativeness, query parameterization, and the user’s metalinguistic reflection. The phenomenon of the algorithmic norm has been discovered - the stable reproduction of clichéd bookish register constructions (“it is important to note,” “thus”), forming an averaged, stylistically homogenized register. Hybrid discursive acts have been recorded and described for the first time - communicative units arising from the iterative interaction between human and algorithm, the authorship of which cannot be unambiguously attributed to either participant. Conclusion. In response to the challenges of the new era of internet discourse, theoretical concepts are introduced that allow for the description of the transformed communicative reality: the parameter “Degree of Algorithmic Mediation” (DAM) and the concept of the “hybrid discursive act.” A comparative analysis of the Russian and English parts of the corpora demonstrates the universality of the identified transformations, suggesting not local linguistic changes but a civilizational shift - an algorithmic turn that requires a reconsideration of the fundamental categories of linguistics (authorship, text, discourse, linguistic persona).

Prompt engineering, a phenomenon arising from human interaction with large language models (LLMs), is the subject of this linguistic analysis. The study argues that a prompt represents a qualitatively new type of controlling text constructed in natural language. The research aims to demonstrate that the analysis of prompts requires the full range of modern linguistic tools: semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, cognitive linguistics, and the philosophy of language. The article examines the semantic features of prompts, highlighting the need to handle fuzzy categories and manage reference given the model's lack of human experience. Pragmatic analysis reveals the specific nature of the prompt as a directive speech act, in which felicity conditions must be explicitly verbalized. Within a discursive approach, it is demonstrated how a prompt establishes the macrostructure of the future text and constructs professional roles and social registers. Special attention is paid to the cognitive foundations of prompt engineering, where the formulation of a request serves as an external metacognitive practice that structures human thinking. The article also addresses cross-linguistic aspects related to the dominance of English-language corpora and the specifics of working with the Russian language. It concludes that prompt engineering marks a profound transformation of linguistic activity and necessitates the formation of a new interdisciplinary field: the linguistics of human-model communication.

This article examines media transposition involving generative neural networks and the specifics of transferring verbal content into visual form. The relevance of the research is determined by the trends in using “artificial intelligence” to create an infosphere in modern communication and to transmit cultural memory, involving its remediation and reinterpretation. The aim of this article is to examine the characteristics of transferring printed poetic text into a media format using generative neural networks, to identify specific techniques, and to outline the features of the original text’s remediation that occurs in this process. The research material consists of works (6 in total) by neuro-illustrator Nikita Glukhov (pseudonym DJ БлокNote). Generative neural networks, guided by a human operator and trained on a dataset of human-generated content, represent a mediated form of social interaction. In this regard, this study implements an integrative approach and examines the stated phenomena from the perspectives of interactionism, hermeneutics, psychological and visual anthropology, and linguosemiotics. The main research methods are qualitative: interpretation, analysis, synthesis, descriptive method, functional-pragmatic and contextual analysis, and elements of psychoanalytic method for extracting hidden meanings. A three-level analysis of semiotically complex text, developed by R. Barthes, and adapted to the needs of the research, is applied. The following was discovered. During the transposition of printed text into a screen medium with the involvement of generative neural networks, its textual structure is recoded into visual and auditory matter. The constructed work consists of intermedial images, while dynamics, montage, composition, color, and light replace rhythm and metaphoricity. In addition to the audio-visual, a plot-narrative expressive layer is also identified - the narrativization of the lyrical. Prompts for the generative model are created by the human operator based on key semantic points of the poem - specific lexical units (LUs), with the addition of extra LUs that are absent in the original text but necessary for its visualization. Following the prompt, the neural network materializes the poem’s context, “frames” the symbols embedded within it, and “translates” emotional expression into a dynamic whole. This article is aimed at students, graduate students, teachers, linguists, philologists, and anyone interested in general and linguistic semiotics.

The study develops a semantic framework with AI-integrated component to identify the knowledge domains transferred from donor into recipient language. Two types of knowledge transfer are considered, direct and indirect, which provide the transfer via loanwords and via their collocates in discourse. The developed framework is used to explore cross-cultural knowledge transfer from Russian as donor language into Kyrgyz as recipient language. To proceed, a clustering Word2vec algorithm is applied to identify the loanword frequent collocates, next, the semantic classes of the collocates of more and less frequent loanwords are determined. The results featuring the semantic classes distribution in the collocates (overall 8,515 in two lists) in web discourse disclose similar and distinct domains of knowledge transfer from Russian into Kyrgyz. The common knowledge domains are mental sphere and knowledge, people, buildings, appliances and routine objects, special event, transport, texts, class names, collective objects, sport, money and finance, measure units, interaction, space and location, substances. Indirect transfer follows two patterns, discrete found in most frequent loanwords which mediate a restricted number of knowledge domains, and continuous found in less frequent loanwords which mediate a larger number of knowledge domains.

The relevance of the study of a critical stage of text processing in the era of the dominance of large language models is due to the systemic divergence between statistically identified token boundaries and linguistically justified morpheme boundaries in tokenizers, which is particularly evident when working with rich morphology languages. The scientific novelty of the study lies in considering the token not as technical part, but as a linguistic artifact - an algorithmic ‘shadow’ of a morpheme that has lost its semantic motivation but preserved its external resemblance. The aim of the research is to identify linguistic losses that occur during statistical segmentation of words and to assess the degree of divergence between token and morpheme boundaries. Research methods: comparative linguistic analysis, corpus analysis, critical discourse analysis and typological modeling. During the research, a typology of morphological distortions in BPE tokenization has been developed and empirically substantiated, describing three types of distortions and divergence between token and morpheme boundaries: fragmentation, contamination, and aberration. Using the lexemes ‘podorozhnik’ and ‘vysokotekhnologichny’ as material, the three-stage degradation of morphological transparency in the transition from monolingual to bilingual and multilingual BPE models has been experimentally proven. It has been established that multilingual tokenizers completely lose morphological properties in relation to a particular language multiplying statistical artifacts that are not identified by a classical set of morphological units and native speakers of this language.

The relationship between humans and machines in education is analyzing the characteristic features of the LLM artificial language as a tool for teaching the creation of scientific written text through a critical analysis of errors made in texts created by man and machine. This departure from traditional ideas about learning to write in a foreign language reflects progressive processes in teaching, since identifying parallels between human learning and model training based on mistakes refers to a high-tech approach focused on the student rather than the teacher. LLM, as a tool capable of correcting and creating generated text, acts as an incentive for the development of critical thinking when analyzing inaccuracies or evaluating the text “appropriatness”. LLM’s ability to generate different results can be used as a error-based methodology for teaching academic writing. In this regard, academic writing training is a critical analysis and editing of text by visualizing errors, creating a sense of competition between a machine and a human and stimulating mental activity. This seems to be a clear example of how inconsistency and ambiguity can be used for development and creation.

This article examines how interactional tension is handled in the question-and-answer (Q&A) sections of corporate earnings calls conducted in South African English. The analysis uses transcripts from two events involving senior executives responding to evaluative questioning from analysts and investors. Attention is given to moments where questions introduce pressure, scepticism, or demands for justification, and to the linguistic resources executives use when responding in real time under public scrutiny. The study identifies a set of mitigation strategies, which use is examined in relation to what happens immediately after the response, using the following turn as evidence of whether the issue is treated as closed or remains interactionally active. The findings show that mitigation is a systemic part of answering in South African English earnings-call Q&A, closely tied to the interactional organisation of the genre. Responses that combine cautious formulation with collective positioning are more often followed by acceptance or movement to a new topic, while other responses leave room for continued questioning. Although the study does not pursue a comparative design, it extends interaction-based research on earnings calls to South African English, an institutional variety that has received little focused attention in this area. In doing so, it adds empirical detail to existing accounts of how disagreement is managed in high-stakes corporate communication.

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to consider the codes of national Mexican culture as an integral part of the Latin America civilization identity, merging historical and social values and traditions of indigenous, Iberian and African civilization matrices as the basis of Latin American civilization, society and culture by means of an ancient dominant - unity in diversity ( unidad en la diversidad ). The preservation, revival, and mastery of knowledge about the folk culture of society, its spiritual concepts, and material foundations of the linguistic and cultural community are the focus of modern scientific onomasiological and semiological studies that consider culture as a communicative system of signs. The purpose of the article is to carry out an integral analysis of the linguistic and semiotic component of the verbal and non-verbal codes of the inauguration ceremony of C. Sheinbaum, the President of Mexico, in the light of political discourse, reflecting a special sign system of cultural, historical and social values of the Mexican national identity, which is understood and shared by the Mexicans. The scientific novelty of the issues considered in the article is due to a systematic approach to the study of the linguistic and semiotic and linguocultural paradigms of discursive research on the verbal and non-verbal cultural codes of Mexican political communication, which affect the discursive and social behavior of the audience in accordance with the intention of the political actor. Ignorance of the peculiarities of mentality and national identity, customs, traditions, specific language nominations and idiomatic expressions hinders successful communication, causes misunderstanding and wrong interpretation of cultural signs, which leads to communicative and professional failures of international specialists. The study pays special attention to non-verbal components of political discourse, the use of which is becoming a trend in the modern communication. Artifacts, symbols, vestimentary code, color, as well as visual, sound, and graphic components convey additional meanings in a condensed form that have a powerful suggestive effect and are of particular importance to recipients who share cultural community values.

Аbstract. The authors introduce a novel application of the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) methodology to quantitatively differentiate the linguistic profiles of professional and popular science articles, establishing them as belonging to distinct functional styles. The results demonstrate that popular science articles are characterized by affective language, future-time orientation, and narrative devices to enhance accessibility and engagement for non-specialists. In contrast, professional articles exhibit terminological density, formal punctuation, and structural rigidity, reflecting their precision-oriented communication for experts. Statistically significant differences between professional and popular science articles show that the popular science functional style is being formed as an independent entity with its own linguistic system blending journalistic engagement with scientific discourse, rather than existing merely as a simplified derivative of professional science style.

The authors present descriptive and analytical interpretation of actually observed morphological forms in the modern Russian language, the study of their features, relationships and functioning, that is, their interpretation from a synchronous point of view. The article proves that many of the forms that seem to be a sign of recent decades are eliminated grammatical lacunae. Since any synchrony is conditional, in modern Russian it is inevitable for some of these new forms to turn out grammatical archaisms. The research part is devoted to the peculiarities of the correlation of these phenomena - grammatical archaisms and eliminated lacunae (appearing in synchrony as neoplasms), and the detection of grammatical forms “rearchaization”. The purpose of this article is to establish deep patterns determining the abilities of morphological forms for systemic changes, which determines grammatical norm dynamics. To achieve this purpose, the combination of system-descriptive (with techniques of intra-linguistic comparison, sociolinguistic and linguopragmatic interpretation of grammatical forms) and functional approach in a diachronic perspective, the use of hermeneutic tools involving the actualization of interpretation and explanation is supposed to be most appropriate. First of all, the empirical material was media texts in Russian of the XXI century. The concept of an eliminated lacuna is significant for inflectional categories that present a tendency to expand the paradigm (number of noun), and for word-formation categories increasing the coverage of lexical units (genus of animate nouns). Modern boundaries of the Russian literary language include active “rearchaization” of grammatical archaisms as intentional units of a non-standard text.

Faith in God is, of course, one of the universal human values, interpreted in different ways by native speakers of national languages, which causes differences in the conceptual, figurative and value features of the concept of GOD in various linguistic cultures. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the conceptual and value features of the French concept of DIEU ‘GOD’ as the value dominant of culture. The study material was the interpretation of the above-mentioned lexeme taken from standard explanatory dictionaries of the French language, as well as 85 set expressions selected using the continuous sampling method from phraseological and paremiological dictionaries of the French language. The main research methods are descriptive, the method of component analysis, linguocultural and linguoaxological. It was found that the conceptual features of the concept reflect three “hypostases” of God: God is a supernatural being, God is a man, and God is a valuable object of the surrounding world. The values contained in the parodies with the dieu component reflect, to a greater extent, the religious (Catholic) perception of God and reflect clear behavioral guidelines for native French speakers: one should help those in need, share material goods, then God will reward with even greater wealth; one should know that only God controls all processes in the world, man this is beyond control; one must believe in God in order to receive his help and support in business , etc.

The relevance of investigating the evolution of Vietnam's political media rhetoric from 1945 to 2025 against the backdrop of successive media regime changes is grounded in the need for a linguistic account of the mechanisms whereby official discourse adapts to the digital transformation of communication in political systems characterized by durable regimes. This study aims to identify the patterns of diachronic transformation of political discourse while preserving its ideological core. Three original corpora of official texts and public speeches totalling 2.393.000 characters were analyzed at the morphosyntactic, lexico-semantic, and discursive-pragmatic levels using corpus tools (AntConc, UDPipe) and qualitative coding (NVivo) within an integrative linguocentric framework combining political media rhetoric, mediatization theory, and platform logic. Three stages of evolution are identified: the revolutionary-mobilizational monologue (1945-1975), the institutionally mediated dialogue (1986-2010), and the platform-algorithmic discourse (2010-2025). It is demonstrated that formal parameters of utterance (syntactic structure, lexical composition, and pragmatic strategies) transform under the influence of successive media environments, while the ideological core (the leading role of the Communist Party, national unity rhetoric, and socialist values) remains structurally stable. A model of adaptive ideological stability is proposed, in which the media environment operates as a technological shell ensuring reproduction of the semantic core across new communication formats. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic diachronic description of Vietnamese political media rhetoric as a unified historico-linguistic continuum and in operationalizing the concept of the "algorithmic idiolect" - a standardized institutional speech register optimized for the algorithmic logic of digital platforms.

The problem of altered states of consciousness from linguistic angle is relevant. Attention is focused on the ways in which altered states of consciousness are reflected in a literary piece. The research is delivered on the basis of Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”. Different types of non-verbal behavior of the main character and the language correlates are discussed. It is demonstrated that in the situations under consideration, typical controlled non-verbal behavior includes phonation, mimics, eye contact, and pantomimics which have corresponding language correlates, the most frequent of them are adverbial and attributive phrases. The main types of uncontrolled non-verbal behavior (or psychophysiological reactions) in cases of altered states of consciousness are trembling and heartbeat, expressed by different linguistic units, adverbial phrases and comparative constructions being predominant. Specific non-verbal actions that mark the character’s negative emotional state and his growing inadequacy often go undeciphered by those around him. The description of how the main character’s emotions are displayed and concealed contributes to the creation of his portrayal.

Mythopoetics constitutes a significant system of elements within contemporary Kazakh literary discourse. The connection between myth and literature can be traced at all levels of the artistic whole. The myth-making of Kazakh writers shapes a worldview that underpins the nation’s specific consciousness. While Soviet literature viewed the mythological nature of literary discourse as an inherent characteristic of “young written literature,” for Kazakh writers, it was an act of introspection - an understanding of their own soul as the soul of a representative of an authentic ethnic group. This was determined by several extralinguistic factors: the shift away from a nomadic economy contributed to the disintegration of national identity, and writers were compelled to assume the role of mythmaker, conveying spiritual wisdom in their work. The purpose of this study is to analyze S. Sanbayev’s story “White Aruana” from a mythopoetic perspective. It has been established that the camel myth is one of the most significant in Central Asian literature. Camel mythology derives from nomadic notions of cosmogony and the primordial indivisibility of life and death. Aruana mythology, as a mythopoetic image, is linked to the archetype of the home - a sacred spatial code that can be analyzed in two aspects: the toponymic and the existential.