RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics
Editor-in-Chief: Vladimir N. Denissenko, PhD, Doctor of Philology, Professor ISSN: 2313-2299 (Print) ISSN: 2411-1236 (Online) Founded in 2010. Publication frequency: quarterly PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Open Access: . APC: no article processing charge Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English Indexation: White List RCSI, Russian Index of Science Citation, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Dimensions, DOAJ
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
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Semiotics of Narrative in the Modern Media Space
This study investigates the evolution of lexical meanings within changing linguocultural contexts, focusing on the acquisition of new senses and perceptions by linguistic units. The aim of the study is to analyze the functioning of the lexical unit narrative, which is a mental product reproduced by the human being through discursive activity and considered as a substitute for the word rhetoric as an analogue of speech act. The multiplicity of designations of this word (rhetoric as an analogue of story, history, text, discourse, point of view, perspective) is based on its perception as a linguistic tool with broad capabilities, a special semiosis of the cultural-linguistic picture of the world in the correlation between language, culture, and communication. The analysis explores the semantics and pragmatics of narrative as a semiotic sign within media texts. It highlights the implementation of its pragmatics to convey axiological (positive or negative) evaluations. Furthermore, the study identifies and interprets the various types of designata associated with this word-sign in contextual usage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Markelova T.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Meal in the Semiotic System of Culture: Transformation of Logos into Mythologemes
The relevance of the study of food as a semiotic phenomenon is determined by the current interest in gastics as part of semiotic nonverbal culture. The purpose of the study is to analyze the semiotic sign of the meal within the context of the logos and mythologeme as verbally fixed in various texts: in myths, literature, theology, in the Bible and in nonverbal signs of the meal as a subject of gastics, which are inscribed in the semiotics of human culture precisely as their verbal projections. The material of the study is the language fixations of the phenomenological series of gastics. The novelty of the work lies in the approach to history as a text, the structural patterns of which are analyzed. The conclusions serve to systematize the reflections of the phenomenon of the meal in a culture in which nothing arises by itself; human culture is fertilized by sacred logoi, which could be gleaned both from the contemplation of the laws of the universe — such is the natural preaching, and from the First Promise, which is described in the first book of Genesis. The authors of the article accept biblical evidence as true, that is, reflecting the true history of culture. This methodological approach allows us to resolve many cultural paradoxes. In the history of culture, sacred logoi are transformed into mythologems, which to a greater extent reflect the type of thinking of ancient and modern man. Three periods are distinguished in the history of culture, which are fertilized by three types of logoi, characteristic of three types of theology. The apophatic type of theology corresponds to chthonic antiquity. The Logos of the Mystery is transferred from the Creator to the world, the elements of which are deified. The meal is represented by a ritual sacrifice, which is characterized by the syncretism of the victim, the priest and the deity receiving the sacrifice. Behind this mythologeme stands the logoi of the Christian sacrifice on the cross with its sacred syncretism and mystery. At the next stage of history, the logoi of kataphatic theology fertilized the culture of the heroic patriarchy, creating the mythologeme of a life-giving feast. A protest against the Apollonism and cosmism of patriarchal heroics is the Dionysian culture, behind which stand the logos of kenosis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gerasimova S.V., Pak E.S., Pishchulina I.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Story of One Word: Studying the Semantics of Loanwords Through Digital Footprints
Description of the potential of digital traces for studying the dynamics of semantic changes in Anglicisms in the Russian language using the tool Google Ngram was conducted on the material of the electronic library Google Books. The aim of the study is to propose an algorithm for working with the Russian-language segment of the Google Books library in order to study the dynamics of semantic changes of the borrowed word. The example of the lexeme лофер(ы) proposes a methodology of work using the tool Google Ngram to determine the status of a foreign word in the language-recipient across its different meanings at different stages of development of the language. The tested methodology allows to conclude that the status of the unit лофер(ы) has changed in Russian from an exoticism in the meaning of idler, loafer to an Anglicism in the meaning of shoes. At the same time, the initial borrowing of the word лофер in the meaning of idler, loafer into Russian in the 19th century did not affect the formal stability of the Anglicism лоферы/лоуферы in the meaning of shoes in modern Russian. The proposed procedure for analyzing borrowed vocabulary based on digital traces can be used in lexicology, lexicography, and etymology, as it allows resolving disputed cases regarding the period of a lexeme’s entry into the recipient language, its meaning, and status in the receiving language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alyunina Y.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nominative Potential of the Word Anguish
The prerequisite for resolving the question of the nominative system is the recognition of nominative activity as a subject of linguistic science. The function of nominative activity, which consists of producing nominative units that verbalize and preserve knowledge acquired through human cognitive and emotional activity, demonstrates the driving force behind the phylogenesis of language and linguistic worldview. The aim of the article is to present, in a synchronic cross-section, the trajectory of development of a separate part of the language in the system of nominative units that make up the nominative paradigm of the word anguish. The nominative paradigm of the word anguish reveals its phylogenetic nominative and cognitive potential: the deployment of the producing word anguish and its cognitive analogue - the concept of ANGUISH based on lexicographic sources, as well as texts of fiction. At the first stage, nominative units are combined within the paradigm into zones: lexical, phraseological, derivational, syntactic. The second stage is formed by areas in which the meanings of nominative units demonstrate a change in the concept of ANGUISH, expressed by the original word anguish. Research methods: the method of cognitive-nominative paradigmatization when ordering nominative units, the result of which is the nominative paradigm; semantic analysis at the stage of identifying features; conceptual analysis when describing cognitive domains; comparative analysis of semantic relations; the method of qualitative analysis of the data of the lexical, phraseological, derivational and syntactic zones. The study reveals high productivity in phraseological formation; cognitive incomplete isomorphism of different zones of the paradigm of the word anguish, as well as conceptual signs involved in the development of the concept of ANGUISH: expander concepts with the structure “sign + emotion”; concepts-“targets” expressed by predicative phraseological units; syncretic concepts, represented by phrasal nominative units; metaphorical images-representations of the concept, marked by nominative units-phrases; extra-linguistic concepts based on opposition-enantiosemy, reflected by nominative units-phrases; linguistic concepts marked with a metalanguage, expressed by nominative units-phrases and nominative units-sentences. The results of nominative activity act as the main mechanism of phylogenetic development of language in conjunction with the evolution of cognition. It seems that the obtained research results will contribute to a significant expansion of the traditional understanding of the nominative system and contribute to the study of nomination theory.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zhanalina L.K., Kotlyarova I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Polysemous Word Semantic Integrity: General Significance Formation
Hypotheses in the field of polysemous words functioning in the lexicon attract the attention of modern researchers. Currently, there is widespread support for the “checklist” theory of their meanings functioning as unconnected units. The introduced in the article hypothesis reflects the connectionist approach to the problem. A justification for the concepts of “General significance” and “Lexical invariant” is proposed. The aim of the study is to create a lexical invariant model of a polysemous word based on its empirical invariant-component analysis. Lexical invariant is represented as a set of basic dominant components that form the word semantic core. Based on the methods of comparative and component analysis, the concept of “General significance” is verified. A long-standing debate about its existence is presented. The empirical invariant-component method was used to analyze the semantics of a polysemous word key. The correlated dominant metaphorical clusters proved the semantic integrity of a word structure. The proposed hypothesis has a number of advantages over the “checklist” theory. It explains the reasons for lexical meanings boundaries uncertainty, revealing the patterns of schematization in lexical networks. In the process of decoding polysemous words, the communicator does not consider all semantic components of a word. The obtained results can be applied in compiling dictionaries. Lexical invariants can serve didactic purposes in vocabulary expansion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pesina S.A., Sanzharova O.N., Sakharova N.S., Tomin V.V., Faibushevskii M.V., Tsytsarkina N.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Peculiarities of Naming Wedding Fashion Salons in Russian and Chinese Linguoculture
Proper names are part of each language system, i.e. represent a language universality. In the linguoculture of any ethnic group, there are sets of onyms that reflect the characteristics of sociocultural changes, including its value priorities. In Russian and Chinese linguistics currently there is a change of trends in the naming of commercial entities, which generates special interest in the subject of research. The name of trade facilities and goods, shops, fashion salons, retail chains depends on commercial success, which is related to the need for regulation and control of onomastic space. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of preferences in choosing the name of a wedding salon in the Russian and Chinese linguocultures to establish universal and cultural-specific motivation. As a material of the study, 200 names of wedding salons in Moscow and Beijing were analyzed. The ergonymic space in Moscow is represented by a large number of names of wedding fashion salons, which are formed according to the productive model of univerbation. Note that in Beijing the same way of formation of names of wedding halls is frequent. Ergonyms in the area of wedding fashion in Moscow and Beijing are distinguished by their pragmatics; what they have in common is the link between their effectiveness and the value system of the linguoculture. Naming in the field of wedding fashion performs nominative, informative, aesthetic, differentiating, appellative and attractive functions. Based on their key components, the ergonyms of Moscow and Beijing can be divided into several groups: ergonyms with anthroponyms, ergonyms with literary components, ergonyms with symbol components; ergonyms including components indicating a sphere of activity; ergonyms with toponymic components.
Copyright (c) 2026 Van S., Lazareva O.V., Barov S.A., Jin L. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Influence of Medieval Ornithonyms on the Kazakh People’s Culture and Language
The study of ornithonyms, which represent an important layer of our vocabulary, is of significant value for both biological and linguistic sciences. The disappearance of bird names following the loss of the species themselves makes it urgent to fix and preserve them. If biologists strive to preserve fauna, then linguists are responsible for preserving names, since ornithonyms, as well as the stable expressions and paremiological units in which they are used, reflect elements of national consciousness, cultural beliefs and a historically formed worldview. Ornithonyms are not only the names of specific biological objects, but also a valuable linguistic unit capable of reflecting the lexical richness and features of the ethnocultural picture of the world. This article examines the ornithonyms recorded in the medieval Turkic writing monument “Kitab Tarjuman”, in comparison with their counterparts in modern Kazakh language. The research includes a lexical and semantic analysis of these units, the identification of their correspondences in related Turkic languages, as well as the study of their use in Kazakh proverbs and sayings. The work is aimed at identifying the continuity of lexical units and preserving the linguistic heritage. The results of the study demonstrate that ornithonyms reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world, national mentality and are valuable for linguistics as structural elements of language, enriching the cognitive, ethnolinguistic and diachronic studies on the Turkic heritage. Linguistic analysis of the Kitab Tarjuman monument makes it possible to recreate the worldview of the ancestors, and proverbs and phraseological units with ornithonyms serve as an important source for studying the cognitive and ethnolinguistic aspects of the language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suiyerkul B.M., Kydyrbayev K.A., Mustafayeva A.A., Kulakhmetova M.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Turning Towards a Human Being in Language Content Research: Outcomes, Problems and Prospects
Given the development of information technology, cognition of an act of realization (knowledge generation) is becoming the most urgent task for science striving to understand human intelligence. Accordingly, the outcomes, problems, and prospects of language content research are considered within the framework of the author’s idea that the question of the mechanism of language content generation, the question of its understanding, is actually the question of realization, i.e. an act of instant (intuitive) comprehension of knowledge. This research is based on an interdisciplinary approach. Its main method is deduction and inverted deduction. We analyzed epistemological obstacles that yet prevent linguistics from offering feasible approaches for reducing the intuitive to the discursive, which is required to provide cognition of realization. It is demonstrated that structuralism is the most efficient cognitive strategy, which assumes the cognition of an object by identifying its components and studying the interrelations and interactions thereof. To cognize an act of realization, however, we need to abandon the structuring of the semantic system itself, since the structuring system is inherently incapable of giving an answer to the question of how this system arose. We justified the necessity of rejecting representationalism as a cause of the epistemic closure “world - person - language - culture - thought - mentality”. Anti-representationalism, reflected in the views of scientists from different scientific fields, is considered as an argument in favor of shifting the focus towards the intersubjectivity of knowledge. With such a shift, the goal of linguistic research is to identify the conditions for objectifying of the subjective, that is, the conditions under which different people realize SIMILAR things and take them for granted. The object of structural analysis is the internal modeling formed by the brain through amplification of some signals from the sensory organs and suppression of other signals. These models define the scheme of internal, subconscious attention and determine the process of knowledge generation. The observed variability of the language content makes it possible to identify the components of internal models (defeated signals) and study their interaction. The basic principles of this structural analysis are described by comparing conditionally equivalent polysemants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tszin T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ethnopoetic Constants as Semiotic Structures: Functioning in Literary Text
Ethnopoetics is an integrative discipline in the humanities, whose main task is to study the national characteristics of specific literatures by appealing to semiotic elements of varying degrees of complexity - archetypes and archetypal motifs, concepts-sensibilities, cultural codes (from spatial to spiritual), and genre structures. All of the above units act as ethnopoetic constants - recurrent and retransmitted concepts that form national linguistic worldviews, manifested in a work of art as a semiotic field of a complex, palimpsestic nature. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ethnopoetic constants of Kazakhstani Russian-language artistic discourse from the point of view of their semiotic affiliation. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the sensibility concept “EMSHAN” (“wormwood”) and its correlation with the archetypal complex “HOME.” The material for the study was the eponymous story (“poem in prose”) by M. Simashko, narratively organized as a sequence of events possessing the semiotic characteristics of consecutiveness, unity, irreversibility, transformativeness, and the subject’s crossing of the semiotic boundary. In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that ethnopoetic constants are not only formants of the linguistic picture of the world of a particular ethnic group, but also serve as the substrate basis of the aesthetic whole. The taxonomic distribution of ethnopoetic constants is the perspective of this study.
Copyright (c) 2026 Seitkazy E.A., Valikova O.A., Sarsekeeeva N.K., Yedrenova N.T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Energy Giant to Ecological Partner: Discursive Strategies and Semantic Prosody in the Construction of Russia’s Climate Image
A corpus-based critical discourse analysis of Xinhua News Agency materials from 2020 to 2024 is devoted to the media’s representation of Russia’s climate policy. The aim of the study is to fill a gap in existing scientific works, which mainly focus on Russia’s climate policy from the point of view of international relations or environmental sciences, ignoring the systematic analysis of media discourse in formation “climatic identity” of Russia. Utilizing the Factiva database, a specialized corpus was compiled and analyzed via AntConc 3.5.9, applying Fairclough’s three-dimensional critical discourse analysis framework (textual, discursive, and social practice levels). Findings reveal that Chinese media consistently portray Russia as a strategic partner in climate governance, emphasizing international cooperation, economic development, policy measures, ecological conservation, and energy transition. The positive framing aligns with China’s national climate strategy and reflects Russia’s growing geopolitical influence as both a major emitter and carbon sink. The study contributes to understanding how media discourse constructs cross-border ecological narratives, offering insights into the interplay between national policies, global climate governance norms, and Sino-Russian strategic relations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Feng D., Ju Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Generic Structure Analysis of Arabic and English Response Letters to Complaints
Our study aims to examine the generic structure of responses letters to complaints in Arabic and English. A corpus of 80 letters was collected from Algerian Arabic users, EFL learners as well as American and British native speakers of English. The researcher provided the participants with three complaint situations and they were required to choose only one situation and write a response letter to it. The results revealed that response letters to complaints in Arabic and English adhere to the same generic structure composed of seven moves and twenty-one steps. It was found that several factors particularly culture and the correspondents’ social rank significantly influence the overall structure of complaint letters.
Copyright (c) 2026 Derki N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Rhetorical Strategies and Linguistic Features of “Justice” Representation in Russian Social Media
In the digital age social media have become a central space for expressing moral values, with “justice” being one of the most frequently invoked concepts. However, the semantic nuances and rhetorical articulations of this category remain underexplored. This study aims to examine how the notion of justice is articulated by Russian-speaking social media users through rhetorical strategies and linguistic devices. The empirical basis consists of over 70,000 user-generated messages collected from Russian social media platforms between September 2023 and September 2024. Data was filtered using a core of 38 stable linguistic markers and processed with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), k-means clustering, and qualitative discourse analysis. The analytical framework incorporates theories of pragmatics, evaluative language, and critical stylistics. Key strategies identified include normative appeals to law and morality, emotionally charged statements, hyperbole, sarcasm, irony, and cultural references. The discourse is predominantly marked by a negative tone reflecting distrust and frustration, while the ideal of justice remains an important moral reference. The articulation of justice in digital environments reveals both the enduring importance of this value and the growing skepticism toward its institutional realization. Understanding these rhetorical strategies provides insight into public sentiment and offers potential tools for more effective communication between institutions and society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Grigorieva M.V., Sokolova E.N., Smirnov A.G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Linguistic Aspects of Alexithymia Research
Alexithymia is a specific cognitive state characterized by difficulties in consciously identifying and expressing one’s emotions, as well as externalizing emotional and physical sensations. Over the past fifty years, alexithymia has been actively studied by researchers in various fields, as it is an interdisciplinary phenomenon with obvious clinical significance, primarily due to its comorbidity with neurological, somatic, and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze psycho- and neurolinguistic research on alexithymia, discuss contemporary perspectives on the mechanisms underlying emotion and sensation awareness and verbalization in individuals with high alexithymia levels, and characterize the lexical and grammatical features of their speech. (specificity in nomination, perception of units with metaphorical components, part-of-speech processing, utterance structure, pragmatic characteristics), features of processing verbal and non-verbal information related to emotions and sensations. The authors note the presence of complex difficulties in the cognitive processing of emotions associated not only with the linguistic aspects of the problem, and touch upon the problem of alexithymia in adolescents. Changes in the field of measuring the level of alexithymia (a gradual move from questionnaires representing self-reports to automatic diagnostics using computer programs) are discussed, and promising areas of alexithymia research are presented.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gorobets E.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Levels оf Benefaction Verb Representation
The aim of the study is to determine the levels of verbal representativeness in English. The study has established that the class of beneficial verbs is not homogeneous, which is manifested in the representation of basic-level verbs of gestaltingly highlighted conceptual characteristics of beneficial activity: «receiving benefits», «receiving benefits», «providing assistance», «improvement». In contrast, at the subordinate level of categorization, verbs objectify only one of the highlighted characteristics. It has also been established that at this level, the manner of the benefactive action is specified, leading to the formation of an evaluation that emphasizes the conformity of the realized benefactive action to moral norms and principles. Furthermore, it has been determined that English benefactive verbs are characterized by high frequency of use in the processes of benefaction categorization, which is emphasized by the diversity of conceptual domains within which benefaction is conceptualized. These domains include economics, security, human activity, human speech acts, education, law, social relations, sports, international relations, and interpersonal relations. Through factual analysis, it has also been revealed that the participants of a benefactive action - the benefactor and the beneficiary - can be represented in the sentence structure both explicitly and implicitly. In the case of implicit representation, they are interpreted based on metonymic transfer within the context of the conceptual domain in which the benefactive action is understood. The findings have implications for cross-linguistic studies of benefactive constructions and the analysis of verbal level representation of other real-world phenomena.
Copyright (c) 2026 Furs L.A., Finaev K.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of External Determinants in the Differentiation of Tense Systems Across Language Types
The scientific novelty of the practical consideration of the influence of external determinants on the language system lies in the fact that for the first time the concepts of external and internal determinants, proposed by G.P. Melnikov, are explained using the example of tense system of languages of different structural types. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the practical application of the principle of external determinants by analyzing the system of four languages: Russian, English, French and Tatar. The results showed the reflection of the external determinant at the morphological level. In the agglutinative Tatar language, the tense system reflects the external determinant - the need to distinguish between a witnessed event and a report about past events based on secondhand information. In the French, Russian and English as nominative-accusative languages with an event-based communicative perspective, the tense systems have adapted to the external determinant - the need to communicate about an actual event or an irrelevant long-past event by differentiating between completeness / processivity. In the synthetic inflectional French language, the perfective aspect is further differentiated based on distance from the present moment, which serves to single out recent events in narration. In the inflective synthetic Russian language, this differentiation is realized at the level of verb semantics - by dividing all verbs into perfective and imperfective ones. In the inflective analytical English language, differentiation of processivity is presented on the basis of temporal exhaustion (the presence of an interval), contact with the present moment (duration). The most general abstract meanings of the language system are subject to grammaticalization; the meaning of completeness/incompleteness at the communicative level corresponds to the relevance/irrelevance of information. Processivity is associated with the meaning of the event's relevance - it is still happening or was happening at a moment in time that can be identified. Completeness is related to the meaning of irrelevance - the event has exhausted itself in time, and in the case of limiting verbs, has reached its internal limit. The event perspective is based on the exchange of information about unfinished and completed events.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lutfullina G.F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis оf the Educational Form оf Academic Style Based оn School Physics Textbooks
The evolution of the variety of scientific style in educational literature is examined using the material of Russian school textbooks on physics of the 19th-21st centuries. The object of the study is the linguistic features of physics textbooks by Nikolay T. Shcheglov (1834), Constantine D. Kraevich (1880), and the author’s team led by Alexander V. Peryshkin (1960) and Lev E. Gendenstein (2012). In the context of modern digital reality, the analysis expands to include texts generated by neural networks (ChatGPT, Gemini, Alice), which have become a new source of information for students. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to study the dynamics of functional styles under the influence of sociocultural and educational transformations. The aim is to determine the vector of change in the scientific style, based on Russian educational and academic literature from different eras. Within the framework of this study, style is understood as the principle and method of selecting linguistic material. The novelty lies in the comparative linguistic analysis of educational texts separated by historical periods, which allows identifying trends in the development of scientific style. The results of the research show a steady trend towards a decrease in terminological saturation, reduction of the volume of educational material and explanations of rules in modern texts of textbooks. It is also possible to note the penetration of features of publicistic, conversational and official styles in a modern textbook, which loses the key characteristics of the scientific styles, unlike physics textbooks of the XIX-XXI centuries. The analysis of the text of neural networks shows us a logical continuation of the trend: scientific-spontaneous style with high degree of simplification, metaphorically and further reduction in terminological density.
Copyright (c) 2026 Romanenko A.A., Zhikulina C.P., Rybakov M.A., Vasilyuk I.P. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Populist Discourse versus Democratic Appeals: An Analysis of the Rhetorical Strategies of Trump and Harris
Language plays a powerful role in shaping public opinion. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of Donald Trump and Kamala Harris during the 2024 U.S. presidential election campaign, with a specific focus on their impact on indecisive voters in swing states. It aims to reveal the dynamics of how populist discourse and strategy communication can shape voter perceptions and decisions in high-stakes elections. This research strategy was a mixed-method approach combining qualitative thematic analysis with quantitative evaluations. Speeches were collected from YouTube then, transcribed by using the software Note-GPT, to find out the patterns in discourse, followed by thematic coding to do the exact textural analysis. Rhetorical approaches vary significantly, according to the result strategies. Trump’s populist narrative leverages nationalism, economic revival, and border security, often couched with an “Us versus them” ideology that was designed to exploit the social divides and incite voter worries. Appealing to voters’ frustrations and worries, his emotionally charged direct tone effectively galvanized support. In contrast, Harris centered on an optimistic and inclusive tone about the principles of democracy in her speech, delivered with hope aimed at fostering unity and motivating them to take action as a collective power. The study highlights the breakthrough of new evidence that different rhetorical approaches influence voter engagement, in different ways. Harris aimed to bridge the divisions and champion collective democratic ideals, while Trump’s strategy stressed divisiveness, polarization, and urgency. These findings highlight the importance of tailored messaging in influencing voter behavior, public opinion, and electoral outcomes. With its valuable implications for future campaign tactics, this study provides a systematic insight into the interplay between rhetoric, emotional appeal, and strategic voter involvement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pathan H., Aleksandrova O.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Paradigms of Discourse Development in Socio-Communicative Groups: Macrosystemic Model
The paper analyses distinct paradigms of discourse development, which differ in the nature of generating processes (rational, social, gaming). The authors formulate four research objectives: to describe the game paradigm of discourse development, differentiating it from the formal and social paradigms; to determine the conditions for the formation of game worlds and worldviews as models of socio-communicative processes; to identify special systems of codes and methods for their use in the course of gaming activities; to determine the possibilities for the realization of creative intention in the course of the development of individual worldviews and objective discourses. The research methods are system analysis, modeling and synthesis. Much attention is paid to intellectual board games, in which the modeling of the communicative space contributes to the development of intuitive thinking, the creation of new tasks and areas of knowledge, going beyond concepts, expanding semantics and creating new types of discourse. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time it uses an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problem of understanding the genesis of discourse as a macrosystem object of the theory of language. At the same time, a wide range of works from the field of linguistics, mathematics, physics, literary criticism, computer science, game theory and the psychology of creativity are involved as a methodological basis. It is concluded that in the era of global digitalization, routine calculation is replacing creative intention, imposing on society a formal model for the development of discourse. On the contrary, in order to master new types of information spaces and new dimensions of the semiosphere effectively, it is necessary to pay more attention to board games that stimulate the development of creative activity and prepare individuals for situations of real communication in different socio-communicative groups.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amelkin S.A., Shapiro B.I., Gorozhanov A.I., Pisarik O.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Genre Characteristics of Polycode Texts in Medical Discourse: an Analysis of Posters and Cartoons l
Medical linguistics has developed a distinct genre with established characteristics that recur in medical discourse across various linguistic cultures. This study aims to identify the constitutive features of two genres of medical discourse - the medical poster and the medical cartoon - as realized through polycode texts in English and Chinese. A comparative analysis of the medical poster and cartoon in English and Chinese revealed that the stable genre characteristics of the medical poster include the implementation of an informational function, a limited thematic scope, a thesis-based textual structure, the duplication of verbal information through visual means (drawings and diagrams), and a consistent color code. Medical cartoons, continuing the tradition of European political caricature, serve to satirize the professional and personal qualities of doctors, the complexities of doctor-patient interaction, patient anxieties regarding treatment, the dichotomy of paid versus free healthcare, and medicine as a social institution. The use of color code and precedent-based visual phenomena is also noted in cartoons. Their verbal component is primarily realized through dialogic communication while the visual component ranges from simple sketches to detailed illustrations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dugalich N.M., Ermolaeva S.P., Kupriyanova A.M., Nikonov N.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Specifics of Translating Medical Questionnaires into Tatar Language
Purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the problem of translating standardized health assessment questionnaires into the languages of the Russian Federation and their cross-cultural adaptation. Despite active linguistic research in various fields, practical experience and scientific publications on the translation and validation of medical instruments (scales, questionnaires, and test batteries) into the languages of the Russian Federation remain extremely limited. This paper systematizes methodological approaches to solving this problem, which lies at the intersection of medicine, linguistics, and cultural studies. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of medical translation, which requires specialists not only linguistic competence but also in-depth knowledge of the subject areas covered by the instruments. Typical linguistic difficulties are examined in detail, as well as the need to consider extralinguistic factors. Using the example of the Tatar language, the authors illustrate the specific challenges associated with the development of medical terminology and the verbalization of emotional concepts, which suggests that such work can only be accomplished by an interdisciplinary team. The development of high-quality, adapted translations of health assessment questionnaires into the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation is critical to ensuring equal access to medical care and participation in research, while avoiding the systematic exclusion of patients who do not speak Russian from scientific discourse.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zamaletdinov R.R., Vagapova A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Poly-Discursiveness and Semantic Categories
The topicality of the undertaken research is determined by significant influence exerted by media discourse on all spheres of society. Media discourse has a special persuasive effect on the recipient, addressing pressing issues. Since all areas of human life are closely interconnected, this is often reflected in media discourse, within the framework of which there is an intersection and interaction of different discourses, resulting from the juxtaposition of signs belonging to various discourses. This results in the consideration of a certain situation or object through the prism of another situation, object, the signs of which belong to a different historical period, culture, people, etc. The interaction of signs leads to interaction between cognitive models of situations represented by signs: some of their components become dominant, which, in turn, leads to the expression of the fundamental categories of existence and actionality. The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon of poly-discursiveness - an interaction between the signs of different discourses and their cognitive structures, which, in turn, expresses the fundamental semantic categories. The research was undertaken on the basis of a media text published on the National Geographic website. During the study, the method of discourse analysis, the method of semiotic analysis and the method of dictionary definitions were employed. The authors come to the conclusion that the inclusion of signs of other discourses into the media discourse makes it poly-discursive, resulting in a multidimensional representation of a certain object or event. Signs of other discourses also contribute to the fact that a certain object is simultaneously considered from the points of view of different discourses. Linguistic signs, which underline certain components of cognitive models of situations in the process of discourses’ interaction, are also means of expressing the categories of existence and actionality, which become dominant within the framework of media discourse.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shevchenko V.D., Ashraf M., Ahmad H.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
National Specifics of the Concepts РОДСТВЕННИК ‘RELATIVE’ / TUYSҚAN in Kazakh and Russian Worldview
A comparative analysis of the concepts RODSTVENNIK ‘relative’ and TUYSҚAN in the Russian and Kazakh national worldviews revealed the national specificity of their macro- and micro-structures and the organization of their semantic space. The study presents verbalizers that allow us to compare the significance of these concepts in the worldviews of Russians and Kazakhs and determine their ethnocultural value. The study was conducted using various methods, including artificial intelligence tools. It is concluded that for Kazakhs, the concept TUYSҚAN is the foundation of social organization, while in the linguistic consciousness of Russians, the concept RODSTVENNIK ‘relative’ has been devalued, largely due to the “civilizational turbulence” of the last century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kurylenko V.B., Prosvirkina I.I., Dmitrieva N.M., Maygeldieva Z.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0