Vol 9, No 3 (2018)

Aim of the study is explication of the narrative technique of the person who composed “Lily”; research demands attention to the following aspects of the drapa: 1) its architectonics, i.e. correlation between the form and the content including topoi, symbolism and narrative strands; 2) the language of “Lily” and forms of narration in the text; 3) correlation between language and meter in “Lily”. The first of the three mentioned aspects of the text constitutes the subject matter of the paper, attention is also given to the value of the text in skaldic poetics and verbal culture of Iceland. Materials and methods. The first section presents information on the surviving manuscripts and shows the value of “Lily” in the culture of Iceland; references to Icelandic folklore and modern recordings help realize importance of the text. In the second section technique of the author(s) is studied with regard to both, medieval Christian literature and verbal culture of medieval Iceland. The study is carried out on the basis of edition [8] and all available Russian translations of medieval Latin literature. Analysis of the latter enables to identify the literary topoi and corresponding archetypes of medieval consciousness reflected in “Lily”. The third section is devoted to semantics of the title and to other textual symbols. The fourth section considers the mode of text existence and addresses authorship. Results. Analysis shows that the content of “Lily” does not go beyond few archetypes of medieval Icelandic and European Christian consciousness. Specificity of “Lily” is described as metaphor of form; the collocation denotes all semantic processes entailed by the transfer of the form of drapa into the sphere of traditional Christian culture. Metaphor of form is treated as a natural consequence of the main achievement of Icelandic skalds - involution of poetic form and turning it into artistic device [5], - a prerequisite to versatility of poetic content. Conclusion. “Lily” is finally classified as a text which highlights semantic and functional potential of the skaldic form and on the whole complies with the canon of skaldic poetics. Assumption is made that the author of “Lily” did not realise himself as the author of the text, though the surviving text is, no doubt, result of his individual effort. Working with traditional material, the author of “Lily” most probably created his text in accordance with principles of Icelandic Oral Tradition.

Printed textiles are one of the most ancient and significant branches of the design of textiles, the development of which, within the framework of the European cultural tradition, includes consideration of such questions as canonical schemes of ornamental constructions and style trends of fine art. The end of XVIII - beginning of XIX century was a period of flourishing of French applied art, its dominance in Europe as a generally recognized standard. It was also a period of rising public interest in French literature, the images of which were embodied in one of the most widely replicated types of applied art - ornamental printed textiles. The article describes the main sources of ornamental plot compositions of French printed textiles of the late XVIII early XIX century. The emergence reasons in drawings of a heel-tap of these or those characters and scenes from literary works are defined, the semantic analysis is carried out them. The technique of the translation of art and graphic language of a book illustration in language of subject textile ornamentation is revealed.

The relevance of the selected topic is due to the fact that in the linguistic literature the volume of return pronouns is ambiguously interpreted, on the one hand, there are several different classifications of pronouns on semantics, on the other hand, the pronoun one refers to different semantic categories. One was not the subject of a special linguistic study. The author's goal was to substantiate the belonging of one to the return pronouns and to establish his place in the group of returnable costs. The material was collected by us in the National Corps of the Russian language. The method of substituting one of each other's pronouns yielded the following conclusions. One has a set of homonyms among adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, opening words. The return pronoun one in all case forms allows a substitution for each other, its homonyms do not allow such a replacement. The method of replacing each other in place of one and the same allows us to establish that before us: a reflexive pronoun or phraseology belonging to another part of the speech. In the accusative case, the pronoun being analyzed has forms for replacing the names of animate and inanimate subjects, it is not always possible to replace it with one another in other cases, when subjects of the same action are not persons. One is related to the animated and the inanimate, and each other is primarily animate. The results of this study can be used in lexicography when specifying the parttime homonyms of homonyms one and one in morphology in the development of semantic classifications of pronouns.

The article analyses the project of “Linguistic encyclopedia” of the 1930s. The concept of publication was designed by the famous historian and theoretician of linguistics R. O. Shor in the form of expanded memorandum to the Research Institute of linguistics. The idea of creating a “Linguistic encyclopedia” included in the context of scientific discussions, social and political situation of the 1920- 1930s and those tasks which arose before the Soviet scientists on the language construction, technique of learning languages of the southern regions of the country, the development of the General theory and methodology of linguistics. The author emphasizes obvious ideological nature of many statements, which testifies to the struggle of different directions in linguistics and the growing pressure of marrism. For the first time the original text of this project from the collection of the Archives of Russian Academy of Sciences is presented and commented. The paper solves an obscure problem in the history of linguistics and contributes to the objective understanding of the complex processes of linguistic sociology of science in the period of adaptation to the new conditions (discussions, repression of traditional comparative studies, fighting with “polivanovchshina”, etc.).

The purpose of the article is the conduction a linguistic comparative analysis of the speeches of the President of Russia V.V. Putin and the 44th US President Barack Obama, delivered by these leaders at the jubilee 70th UN General Assembly. The author of the article uses the method of system linguistic analysis, which involves study of the semantic structure of texts, the analysis of vocabulary and rhetoric techniques used by President of Russia V.V. Putin and the 44th US President, Barack Obama. The speech of the state leader being a special type of the political discourse apart from the linguistic realizations of the linguistic personality of a particular person also reflects the basic principles of the mindset of the people and reveals its attitude to history and current political situation. The basis for carrying out of the comparative analysis was the general theme of the speeches by V.V. Putin and B. Obama - the 70th anniversary of the United Nations Organization - an important international event. Each word of the leaders of such states as Russia and the USA pronounced from the high tribune of the UNO is meaningful, therefore analyzing of those meanings that are hidden behind the use of appeals, metaphors, comparisons, and constructions of pronouns ‘we/I’ is a matter of particular interest.

In this article, the principles of language taxonomies construction depending on the social and political categorization of language space are introduced. It is proposed to strictly differentiate the concepts of language categorization and classification/typology/taxonomy. Categorization is understood as a form of cognition, it connects the subject and the object of cognition, therefore its products are representations of different levels of abstraction in the individual or collective consciousness. Taxonomies and classifications, as methods of cognition, refer to epistemology and represent principles of regulation by the result of categorization. Since the socio-political categorization of language space is fundamentally discursive in nature, therefore, it represents the points of view of various subjects of cognition, it is unlikely to talk about the existence of terminology in this field in the strict sense. We are dealing with multiple nominations stemming from different periods, ideologies and the pragmatic goals of various actors of glottopolitics, which leads to broad contextual synonymy and antonymy of nominations in this area. The discursive nature of these nominations results in a fundamental difference in the semantic field of formally similar nominations in different cultural and political regions, which complicates adequate translation and requires careful semantic research.

Our modern, globalized world is developing along the path expanding the cooperation in economic, political, social and cultural life. The result of this interaction is the rapid growth of cultural exchanges and direct contacts between state institutions, social groups and individuals of different countries and cultures. The interrelation of language and culture plays an important role in communication both between the members of one group and with the representatives of other cultures. English is a global language and the term “English as an International Language” (EIL) corresponds to British English (BrE), American English (AmE), Canadian English (CanE), and Australian English (AusE). The present paper aims at showing differences between the usage of honorific titles in two varieties of the English language - American and British - relating to address forms used in everyday interaction and explaining the differences through social and interpersonal relations, cultural values and politeness strategies. The recent study of address forms is relevant as it helps us to find out speaker’s cultural peculiarities and to determine different usage of honorific titles in AmE and BrE. We draw on G. Hofstede’s Cultural dimensions (1991), Politeness theory (Brown and Levinson 1987, Hickey and Stewart 2005, Leech 2014), Intercultural pragmatics (Kecskes 2014, Wierzbicka 1991/2003). The data has been obtained through observation, questionnaires and interviews which contained a number of questions and situations, covering different social contexts: everyday communication with interlocutors of different age, sex and occupation. The study focuses on the main tendencies which illustrate the impact of culture on the usage of honorific titles in American English and British English.

This article is devoted to description of pragmatonyms on the basis of other classes proper names with a national-cultural component in the cultural linguistics and communicative-pragmatic aspects. There are revealed the most typical sources of proper names. In this article, author used a method of continuous sampling, country studying method and introspection linguistics approach. The pragmatonyms on the basis of proper names are widely used in advertising for the formation of generalized positive image of domestic goods which act as a well-being integral part of the entire country. The function of analyzed units allows the nominator to characterize features of commodity, specify the producer, location of production, designate the target audience for its consumption, and transfer the unfamiliar product from the category of “alien” to the category “own”. Appeal to the consumer patriotic feelings is used with commercial purposes as well, as a means of speech manipulating on the one hand, and as a promotion of domestic products to strengthen the Russian market.

Toponyms, especially oikonyms, are closely related to the ethnic composition of the population of a particular territory. Because, they are the product of the thinking of the people who created them. In most cases, you can determine the geography of the distribution of different peoples by place names. Azerbaijan and its inseparable part Nakhchivan is one of the ancient settlements of the Turkic tribes. Therefore, the toponymic layer of these territories retains the characteristics of the lexical, semantic system of the Turkic language. As part of the Nakhchivan toponyms, one can find elements that belong to the ancient Turkic language. At the same time, a large number of oikonyms contain the names of ancient Turkic tribes, which played a big role in the formation of the ethnogenesis of the Azerbaijani people. The task of this article is to study the Nakhchivan toponyms in Russian written monuments of the XIX - early XX centuries associated with the Turkic tribes by means of semantic methods - comparison and analysis of the component. Note that Russian local lore sources provide rich material for studying the toponyms of a given territory. Due to historical conditions some of Nakhchivan villages have disappeared, some of them are in Armenia now and some of their names have been changed. Thanks to Russian sources, we can have a complete picture of these villages. An analysis of the toponymic material shows that some of the Nakhchivan toponyms are associated with such large Turkic tribes as kangarli, oguz, bulgars and other different offshoots of the Turkic tribes.

The present article deals with the analysis of leading motives of legend character’s miraculous birth. Historical bases of the motif was studied in comparision with the ancient archaic conceptions and with the motifs arising on the base of Moslem and before Islamic religious notions as well. It is proved that the ideal basis of miraculous birth motifs in legends, tales, epic poems are connected with the Greek, Babylon, Assyrian, Iranian, Central Asian myths of Creation Man in ancient times. “The Birth of Persey”, greek myths about “Devkalion and Pirre”, Iranian myths about the Birth of Kaiumars (Gaimartan from “Abesto”) are analyzed. The process of diffusion of the motif with the structural, semantic changes is interpreted. It is ascertained that the certain motif has various forms at different stages of the development of conscience and human civilization. The birth of main character without father in germ (embryo) (from sunrays, moonshine, windgust, seafoam, from water, fruits, charms of fruits, exorcism and etc), from intermarriage with animals and birds, gift of children to married couples from messengers of heavenly bodies or of other world, origin of miraculous phenomena in the days of character’s birth have been analyzed. All these have been grounded on the concrete materials rarely occurring in Legends of genealogical or ethnogenealogical features. In creation of character’s image, artistic mounting of ideologic content of the work and repercussion of events the poetic role of miraculous birth theme is of great imporfance. For example, artistic desert in creation of ideal images of world known historical persons as prophet Mogamed, Korkut ata, Iskander shakh, Chingiz khan, Amir Temur, Edige and others are revealed. In the article comparative historical method of investigation is used by accompaning typological analysis of plots. Comparative analysis of national peculiarities of motifs about miraculous Birth in Karakalpak folk legends with artistic works of other peoples is simultaneously carried out.