No 3 (2016)

The article is a survey of contemporary approaches to text studying. The focus of the work is primarily laid upon an artistic text, its constituents and levels. The discussion is held within the scope of the Russian literary and linguistic tradition. The theories of text structuring dealt upon in the article also deal with the methodology of text analysis. The strong and weak points of suggested scientific outlooks are revealed.

At present humanities can be characterized by transition from explicit to implicit knowledge, or to the depth of knowledge. One of these implicit categories is meaning. A combination of sign and meaning builds up the basis on which a basic unit of knowledge is created. Scholars use a variety of terms for naming these units of knowledge. We admit the term code as the most appropriate for us. The author presents her own definition of the term. Linguistic cultural codes set the world picture and occupy the central place in the national cultural space, at the same time being a means of structuring cultural knowledge.

Aiming at mastering language in the shortest term while using specified language material is the priority in professionally-oriented teaching Russian as a foreign language. It influences the choice of forms and methods of language teaching in the framework of competence approach, including informational, educational, game-based, problematical ones and so on, which helps to implement flexible teaching models. Interactive teaching methods are based on direct interaction of foreign astronauts with their learning environment which dictates the necessity of developing language skills, forming competence to solve communicative tasks in Russian either in a learning or professional environment. Teaching Russian to astronauts takes places in realistic communication simulation during flight preparation or in a space orbit.

The article discusses the concept of a medical professional speech as a specific type of communication. The mastering by medical professional speech is a necessary component of the content of learning the Russian language for medical university foreign students. The conclusion was made that it is necessary to rely on typological genre description of oral medical discourse, to use the special system of exercises and tasks in the process of teaching the professional Russian speech.

Retrieval systems of Internet as unlimited hypertext system, enable the research of verbal component of retrieval request in different world languages by the quantitative content-analysis with the subsequent interpretation of the received quantitative results. In the article the results of the carried out research are offered showing the Internet confrontation level is higher in other that in other media. It is revealed, that increase of conflict lexicon in requests is either directly connected to already occurring conflict, or predicted the conflict. Through the Internet there are realized techniques of mass consciousnessmanipulation, actual designing and catalyzation of conflict situations. The Internet gives new opportunities of existing conflicts monitoring. Involving the corresponding methodology and a technique of the hate speech monitoring there are prospects of preventive maintenance of confrontational threats.

Nowadays we are witnessing global changes in the political life as well as in the economy. These changes have one more time underlined the utter importance of foreign language teaching (here and further - FLT) for the development of an all-round personality. V.A. Grebennikova has very rightly put it that “foreign languages and foreign language teaching channel humanitarian knowledge and, broader, humanity; FLT acts as a kind of filter against both Western and Eastern mass-culture, leaving what matches the target culture intact, thus underlining and emphasizing its merits”. This important aspect added a new dimension to FLT in modern Russia, making foreign languages not just an ordinary subject but a tool for efficient cross-cultural and international communication (V.V. Safonova).The sociocultural approach which now dominates the educational environment has among its strategic values the formation of cultural awareness, i.e. the idea worldview specific to the speaker of the foreign language. So FLT cannot be any longer be limited to teaching language structures and the rules of their usage.The essence of sociocultural approach is in teaching foreign languages as a means of cross-cultural communication and a way to understand foreign cultures and subcultures. “Sociocultural approach makes it possible to make the learner aware of the world history, the learner’s own country and nation, and to make him understand that all the people in the world are interconnected, and only their joint effort can make the solution of global problems possible...” (V.V. Safonova).The efficiency of sociocultural education via FLT can only be guaranteed when the dialogue between cultures and civilizations is balanced.