Vol 19, No 1 (2022)

The article examines such an indicator of the development of language and culture as a child’s elicited narrative. A narrative is a story created by a child based on a picture story or a series of pictures. The narrative allows to evaluate the child’s coherent monologue speech. Narratives as primary forms of cultural texts reflect a certain national and cultural specifics. In the narrative, one can distinguish a macrostructure that determines its semantic completeness and adequacy, as well as a microstructure that assess lexical and grammatical accuracy. In our work, we studied the narratives of children from Moscow, the Republic of Sakha - Yakutia (Yakutsk and uluses) and the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). In addition, children performed a number of psychological tests, which made it possible to assess their level of development of executive functions and non-verbal intelligence. The main objective of the study was to identify how the factor of bilingualism influences the construction of the narrative and what other factors also influence. The study involved 765 children, including 327 boys and 438 girls ( M = 77.89 months, SD = 5.22). All children attended senior groups of kindergartens in Moscow ( n = 495), Kazan ( n = 115), the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia (Yakutsk and uluses) ( n = 155). As a result of a survey of educators and a short language test, the sample was divided into two groups: bilinguals ( n = 179 people) who communicate equally in Russian and national languages; and monolinguals (586 people) who communicate mainly or only in Russian. The results of statistical processing of the material showed that bilingualism is an important factor affecting the microstructure of narratives, however, to the greatest extent, both micro and macrostructure depend on auditory-verbal working memory. This is supported by both correlations and general linear models.

Like the Russian Federation, the United States is a multilingual, multicultural society. A nation of immigrants and indigenous peoples, it has produced a rich body of literature in dozens of languages in addition to English that scholars have only in recent decades begun to pay attention to. Of particular note are texts in Spanish, Yiddish, Chinese, French, Hebrew, German, Arabic, Norwegian, Welsh, Greek, Turkish, Italian, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Vietnamese and numerous American Indian languages. In this paper we observe the most significant texts of multilingual American literature. The corpus of literary works shows us, that despite Americans’ pervasive and enduring xenolinguaphobia - aversion to other languages - the United States, like other large countries, is a heterogeneous amalgam. Ignoring the variety of works written in languages other than English impoverishes the national culture and handicaps serious readers.

The article examines the type of culture, the institution that the Russian colonialists faced upon their arrival in the Turkestan region in the ХIХth century - the art of bacha boys. The mismatch of mentality - European and Asian - gave rise to rejection of this institution among the newcomers, who took key administrative positions and charted a course to fight Bachism. The actual destruction of the bacha boys falls on the Soviet period (the play “Ecstasy with the Pomegranate” from the repertoire of the Ilkhom Theater reflects this process). The authors of the article trace the growing discourse associated with rejection of bacha boys in Russian publicism (articles and fragments of memoirs by V.V. Vereshchagin, N.S. Lykoshin, D.N. Logofet and others), and also analyze the points of view of a number of Russian artists and writers that does not coincide with the official position (N.N. Karazin, V.G. Yan, Usto Mumin, E. Alennik). In the process of reasoning the authors come to the conclusion that the art of bachа boys was organic for Central Asian culture, it correlates with Sufi practices. The article presents arguments from the judgments of Islamic theologians, Russian Islamic scholars, and the Sufi poet Jalaladdin Rumi According to the authors, the so-called evidence-based practice of prerevolutionary persecutors of вacha boys for their alleged immorality is based on rumors and speculation, with which folklore reality usually works, mythologizing this or that phenomenon. N.N. Karazin writes the novel “Atlar” precisely in the algorithm of the rehabilitation of the вacha boys.

The genre of the historical novel, in which the historical past is reconstructed, implies a special work of the writer with language - the main means of materializing, embodying and detailing the depicted historical reality. The artistic materialization of the objective world of the historical period, recreated in the novel under study is carried out by the author of the work through a description of household items and interior, beliefs and superstitions, the way of managing, ethics and speech culture, relations between estates, etc. Expressed by phraseological units, idiomatic expressions, dialect words, including obsolete reconstruction of the surrounding reality and the spiritual and psychological sphere, the inner world of the characters requires special attention of the translator. The purpose of the article is to comprehend and describe the ethnolinguistic units (phraseological word combination, idioms, dialect words, realities) found in Adam Mekebaev’s historical novel “A Cache in the Steppe”, and to substantiate their translation into Russian. The author of the article is the author of the translation of the novel into Russian.

The problems of language policy are multifaceted, they allow for variability of approaches to assessing its effectiveness and compliance with the national-ethnic model of social relations. The importance of the formation and development of legal instruments for regulating the linguistic landscape and protecting the language is confirmed by the presence of an impressive number of international normative acts. However, the main legal mechanisms in this area are in the plane of responsibility of national legislation. In this regard, the experience of the Republic of Belarus, which, in contrast to other union republics of the former USSR, has managed to preserve state bilingualism seems to be interesting. The research was carried out on the normative legal acts regulating the modern state language policy of Belarus. The methodology of the work included general scientific methods of generalization and systematization, logical and comparative analysis. Until the 1990s, the modern Belarusian language did not have the formal status of the state language (the Constitution of Soviet Belarus only enshrined the norms of its use on a par with Russian in all spheres of official business communication). At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the problems of regulating language issues were included in the political agenda. The first legislative acts of sovereign Belarus consolidated the state monolingualism and were focused on a forced transition to Belarusian-language communication. Belarusianization in the country was the most effective in the sphere of general secondary and preschool education, but it could not completely «oust» the Russian language from the socio-political discourse and, of course, everyday communication. The promotion of the national language grew into a political slogan that was not supported by the public: at the 1995 referendum, amendments to the Constitution were adopted to give the Russian language the status of a state language. These changes were reflected in other normative acts. The experience of building the language policy of the Republic of Belarus is unique for the postSoviet space: the country, which is at the forefront of the nationalist positions of monolingualism in the early 90s of the last century, managed, during a period of independence and sovereignty that was short by historical standards, to go through a fairly serious way of harmonizing the language situation, legally normalizing the processes social communicative interaction and retaining the features of national linguistic identity. The modern linguistic landscape of Belarus is characterized by the obvious dominance of the Russian language in almost all spheres of communicative interaction. At the same time, the Belarusian language as the language of the titular nation functionally plays the role of not so much a means of communication as a symbol of national self-identity.

The mixing of English with national languages in business communication is a consequence of global processes: the development of transnational corporations, modern technologies, the intensification of communication flows and the dominance of English in intercultural communication. Mixing and switching of language codes is quite often observed in the corporate media discourse of IT companies. For organizations in this sphere, English is the main language of business communication, but its use goes beyond professional slang and terminology, creating characteristic forms of language codes mixing. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify and analyze situations of mixing English and Russian in the corporate media discourse of IT companies. The research material was corporate media texts in Russian and English posted on the pages of official websites, corporate blogs and in the social networks Twitter and Facebook. In the analyzed texts in Russian, English inclusions (phrases, individual words and their parts) are often observed to denote work programs and tools, corporate events. As part of the professional slang of IT professionals, English words are transmitted using the Cyrillic alphabet and in accordance with the rules of Russian grammar. The influence of English on Russian media discourse in the IT field is also observed in the expansion of the meanings of some words. In Russian media texts, there are also phrases that are not typical for the Russian language, but represent a literal translation of English phrases. English-language sentences are used in Russian texts as mottos or slogans of the company, as congratulations or advice. As a result of the content analysis of the selected media texts, it was also found that along with the English language, the values typical for the discourse of American corporations are being borrowed. It was found that the value dominants of the corporate discourse of IT companies are “change” and “progress”, “success”, “equality”, “partnership”.

In the educational process of acquiring or learning languages, humanitarian knowledge and related skills (both academic and extracurricular, also termed as hard and soft skills) are responsible for not only a native speaker’s cognitive activity, but also for their behavioral scenarios. This statement ensures the relevance of this research. The objective of the article is to determine methodological recommendations that can be used in Russian language classes at educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus which aim at preserving regional / national “places and images of memory” presented in fiction and journalistic texts. The material that is used in class comprises texts created by Marc Chagall, Robert Rozhdestvensky, David Simanovich that aim at educating the generational trajectory by means of the language.

The article describes a system how to arouse interest in writing in bilingual classes, how to make bilingual children respect a written and later on- a typed word. The proposed set of practical methods is of particular relevance in the context of negative attitude towards calligraphy in the era of information and communication technologies, and a limited number of study hours and restricted choice of writing aids for bilingual children.

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