Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices
Editor-in-Chief: Uldanai M. Bakhtikireeva, Doctor of Science (Philology), Professor ISSN: 2618-897X (Print) ISSN: 2618-8988 (Online) Founded in 2004. Publication frequency: quarterly PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Open Access: . APC: no article processing charge Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English Indexation: White List, Russian Index of Science Citation, DOAJ, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, ERIH PLUS, WorldCat, Cyberleninka, Dimensions, ResearchBib, Lens, Research4Life, JournalTOCs, British Library, Bodleian Libraries (University of Oxford), Ghent University Library
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
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Olzhas Suleimenov: ‘I know!..’. Interview for the Special Issue of the Journal ‘Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices’
Copyright (c) 2025 Bakhtikireeva U.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
I Seek the Heart of Every Word: for the Presentation of O. Suleimenov’s Book ‘I Know’
Copyright (c) 2025 Kairbekov B.G. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Intellectual History of Olzhas Suleimenov’s “AZ i IA”
This study examines the intellectual history of Olzhas Suleimenov’s book “ AZ i IA” in 1975-1976. The ideological debate surrounding this book became one of the most resonant in the 20th century, while its historiosophical framework shaped, for decades to come, the formation of historical narratives in Kazakhstan aimed at overcoming the cultural trauma of “ahistoricity” and at acquiring historical subjectivity for the post-nomadic culture of the Kazakhs. It influenced not only public consciousness, but also the axiology of the academic narrative. The study seeks to explore the sociocultural nature and ideological contradictions of the debate provoked by the book “ AZ i IA” , drawing upon archival and narrative sources, as well as the memoirs of the author and his contemporaries. Taking into account the accusations leveled against Olzhas Suleimenov - of pan-Turkism, Zionism, and skepticism - and analyzing them through such documents as the “Memorandum to the State Committee for Publishing” ( Goskomizdat ), letters of the Soviet party leadership, materials from the discussions of the book at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, critical reviews, and the course of the debate itself, we arrive at the following conclusions. First, “ AZ i IA” exposed the sociocultural nature of ideological consciousness in Soviet society. Second, it vividly demonstrated the ideological contradictions between two overlapping periods in Soviet history: post-Stalinism and the Thaw. On the one hand, the country’s ideological leadership stimulated the growth of ethnological consciousness; on the other hand, it curtailed manifestations of subjectivity that exceeded the permitted boundaries of the prescribed status of the “younger brother” and suppressed attempts to rethink the dramatic pages of such kinship. The materials of these ideological debates thus allow us to investigate how the Soviet cultural hierarchy - in the Kazakhstani case - contributed to the formation of a subjectivity that sought to overcome the traumas of post-nomadism while engaging in dialogue with world culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Krupko I.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Historiosophical Dialogue Between Asia and Africa in the Mythopoetics of Olzhas Suleimenov
This study examines two of the most significant historical and cultural thematic lines in the literary work and public intellectual activity of the Kazakh writer, scholar, and public figure Olzhas Suleimenov - Africa and Asia. Through an analysis of Suleimenov’s texts, the author identifies key characteristic images: Africa as the origin and cradle of all human culture, and Asia as a space of transcultural encounters and turbulent historical dynamics. The central question of the research concerns the nature and methodological foundations of Suleimenov’s historiosophy. His approach is shown to be rooted in mythopoetics, which allows the writer to engage both with the depths of the creative human being and with global processes of interdependence. The author situates Suleimenov’s ideas within the ethnography and mythology of the African and Asian continents and places them in a broader humanistic and philosophical context. This approach reveals both the historical and social depth of Suleimenov’s work and new connections and evidence of cultural exchange.
Copyright (c) 2025 Manichkin N.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Archetypal Invariant of Cyclicity: Syntax, Myth and Gender as Topological Models of Continuity Based on the Example of Proto-Turkic Contacts and the Cult of Osiris
This interdisciplinary study investigates the universal archetypal principle of cyclicity, which manifests synchronously in historically and geographically unrelated systems. The research is grounded in a historical review that confirms the probable presence of Proto-Turkic groups within the polyethnic nomadic confederations of the Scythian-Siberian world in the Near East (7th-4th centuries BCE). Consequently, a hypothesis is advanced about potential channels for the transmission of deep, structural-topological models, moving beyond mere superficial lexical patterns (cf. “Өсіріс” in Kazakh - ‘cultivation’).The central focus of the analysis is the structural isomorphism of three distinct phenomena: the syntactic structure of the clitic “sw” in Late Egyptian, the mythological narrative of “death and rebirth” in the Osiris myth, and the social institution of the nomadic Turks (Kazakhs) - the clan system “Zheti Ata” (Seven Forefathers). The study analyzes these three systems as implementations of a single invariant - the principle of “reflexivity” and “closure.” This invariant is modeled using the topological figure of a torus (T²), where the topological rupture, represented as “death,” functions not as a destructive force but as a constitutive element that ensures the system’s integrity and continuity. Thus, the subject’s position in the mythological narrative, syntax, and social organization of the clan emerges not merely as a linguistic phenomenon but as a fundamental code for organizing the spatiality of being, constructing a unified complex of “topological grammar.” The methodology of “cultural topology” enables the revelation of this deep kinship, demonstrating how culture encodes universal archetypes within its multi-level texts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurdubaeva A.R. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
O.O. Suleimenov: ÖSIRIS - the Name of Ancient Egyptian God and the Kazakh Word ӨСІРІС (ÖSIRIS) - Growth: the Word in the Space of Time and Territory
The study deals with the origin of the word OSIRIS (the name of the God of agriculture, fertility, horticulture, and farming in Ancient Egypt) from the Kazakh (ancient Kazakh) word ӨСІРІС, proposed by O.O. Suleimenov in a hypothetical scientific concept called the Law of Osiris or the Theory of Osiris. O.O. Suleimenov substantiates his scientific position by demonstrating Kazakh words formed from the root ӨС (ÖS) - to grow, and its derivatives - ӨСІР (ÖSIR) - to cultivate, ӨСІРІС (ÖSIRIS) - cultivation, which does not agree with the established traditional scientific position of Egyptologists, according to which OSIRIS is Greek, and in Egyptian WSIR, which can be read as USIR. The proposed scientific concept can be indirectly supported by such aspects as: 1) the acoustic (pronunciation) uniformity of these words; 2) the same (agglutinative) word formation in Kazakh and ancient Egyptian languages with the absence of prefixes (with rare exceptions); 3) the proximity of eras (the 3rd and 4th millennia coincide with the time of ÖSIRIS and the Sumerian-Turkic languages, which functioned at that time with synharmonic sound. This could hypothetically allow for their interaction) and others. The root of the ancient Egyptian word consisted of one, two, or three consonants, i.e., it was consonantal, with no vowels in its spelling. The vocalization of the consonantal combination in the root of the word was apparently optional. The root of the Kazakh word consists of a combination of sounds with the obligatory participation of a vowel. In the word ӨСІРІС (ÖSIRIS), the root of the word is ӨС (vowel + consonant), which does not fully correspond to the acoustic structure of the root of the ancient Egyptian word, in which, as Egyptologists note, in 90% of cases the root consists of a three-member consonant combination. Is the acoustic uniformity of the word ӨСІРІС (ÖSIRIS) in Kazakh and Egyptian a coincidence, or is there pattern behind it that needs to be researched, described and discovered? O.O. Suleimenov proposed to consider the object and subject of scientific research in a new light, which causes disagreement among representatives of the traditional (official) scientific concept, but at the same time generates hypothetical interest in conducting investigation among another group of researchers with the aim of determining the etymon (original source) of a linguistic unit. In the course of scientific research, methods of interlingual comparison, intralingual comparison, contrast of minimal pairs, inductive and deductive methods were used, which contributed to the determination of the theoretical and practical significance of the scientific problem under study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dzhusupov M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tatar Humanitarian Thought and “AZ i IA” by Olzhas Suleimenov
The study is devoted to the historiography of the ancient history and culture of the Turkic peoples in the context of the 50th anniversary of the publication of Olzhas Suleimenov’s book “AZ i IA”. The Book of a Well-Intentioned Reader.” The purpose of the research is to study and evaluate the works of Tatar humanities scholars on this topic from the perspective of modern science achievements, and to introduce new materials into scientific circulation. Special attention is given to reconstructing the stages of the development of scientific thought and understanding the contribution of individual researchers from the pre-Soviet and Soviet periods to this field of knowledge. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, interest in the ancient layers of the culture of the Turkic peoples emerged in Tatar historical studies, largely influenced by the founder of Tatar historical thought, Sh. Mardzhani, and the educator K. Nasyri. A comparative analysis of the works of I. Khalfin, Kh.-G. Gabyashi, A.-Z. Validi, and others conducted in this article demonstrates their deep knowledge and broad perspective on the history and culture of the Turkic peoples of Russia. The authors point out that the key element of the high culture of the ancient Turks was the presence of writing, and they express their opinions about the time of its appearance, the existence of cities, crafts, trade, and agricultural production in the steppes. The style, structure, and nature of the presentation of the material are largely influenced by the fact that these publications were intended for students of madrasas, as well as for the mudarris and mugallim who taught there. These works played a key role in the introduction of the new subject “History of the Turks” in new-method Tatar schools in the 1910s, and in teaching the younger generation about their ancestors’ involvement in the ancient history of the Turkic peoples of Eurasia. In the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the history and culture of the Old Turkic period were mainly presented in G. Gubaidullin’s book “Tatar Tarihy” (“History of the Tatars,” 1922), written in the early years of Soviet rule, and in the first volume of G. Gubaidullin and G. Rakhim’s collaborative work “History of Tatar Literature” (1923). Scholars consider the Old Turkic period and the late 18th century to be part of the ancient era in the history of Tatar literature. In the following decades of Soviet rule, the study of the Old Turkic period became the prerogative of the capital’s academic research centers. However, the autochthonous concept, which recommended studying the history of the ethnic group within the borders of the national republic until the late 1980s, prevented the inclusion of the Old Turkic period in the comprehensive works “History of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.” This interrupted the tradition of considering the history of the Tatars as part of the history of the nomadic Turkic world. O. Suleimenov’s book “AZ i IA,” published in 1975, resonated with the sentiments of Tatar scholars, who, due to the suppression of research on ancient Turkic history in Tatar historiography, perceived it as a kind of breakthrough in the official ideology and its scientific institutions, which hindered the comprehensive study of the language, history, literature, and culture of the ancient Turks. This explains the relevance of this study. In the post-Soviet era, the inclusion of the ancient Turkic period in the history of the Tatars was preceded by the beginning of research on the history of the Golden Horde in the early 1990s, which revealed the Eurasian scale of the history of the Tatar people. A significant event in this process was the publication in 2002 in Kazan of the first volume of the seven-volume “History of the Tatars from Ancient Times,” the book “The Peoples of Steppe Eurasia in Antiquity.”
Copyright (c) 2025 Zagidullin I.K., Zagidullina D.F. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Significance of O. Suleimenov’s Book “AZ i IA” for Modern Comparative Studies
This study examines O. Suleimenov’s book “AZ i IA” (Me and Myself) in the context of key categories of comparative literary studies, which explore the dialogical relationships between different languages, literatures and cultures. The focus is on such fundamental concepts as the ‘principle of complementarity’ and the ‘equality of literatures,’ which make it possible to overcome the Eurocentrism of traditional comparative studies and establish the equality of all participants in interliterary interaction. The methodological basis of the study consists of hermeneutic text analysis, conceptual analysis of the main categories of comparative literary studies, and the historical-genetic method used to reconstruct the formation of scientific ideas. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it establishes for the first time points of resonance between the ideas of the Kazakh thinker and the developments of Tatar scholars. The article proves that, despite the controversial nature of a number of etymologies, “AZ i IA” actualises the deep connections between Turkic and Slavic languages and cultures, acting as an intellectual alternative to dichotomous typologies and opening up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research. It has been established that the hermeneutics of The Tale of Igor’s Campaign, proposed by O.O. Suleimenov, reveals the epistemological potential of the ‘principle of complementarity’ of meanings, which is in demand in the study of interliterary dialogues. In his speeches and articles, O. Suleimenov, without denying the influence of Russian literature on other literatures of the peoples of the USSR, emphasised their equality. This resonates with the idea of the equality of literatures, according to which they begin to project a joint creative-receptive meaning that reveals, on the one hand, the universals of verbal art, and on the other, the potential of their ethnocultural identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amineva V.R., Ibragimov M.I., Minnullin K.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
“The Age of Insight”: Young Poetry by Olzhas Suleimenov
Copyright (c) 2025 Valikova O.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Turkisms as Lexical Indicators of Transculturality in Olzhas Suleimenov’s Poem “The Clay Book”
The study examines Turkisms as lexical markers of a transcultural worldview in Olzhas Suleimenov’s poem “The Clay Book.” The study employs a broad understanding of Turkisms, which also includes Kazakhisms. The analysis demonstrates that the use of Turkic lexical elements allows the author to construct a multilayered poetic worldview in which the cultural codes of various traditions resonate with one another, reflecting the integration of local and global cultural experiences. In this context, transculturality is manifested through the synthesis of linguistic, historical, and cultural elements, which contributes to the formation of a universal artistic space. The poet’s transcultural artistic and aesthetic worldview enables the use of “explicit” and “recognizable” Turkisms as instruments of linguistic play, paradox, and grotesque, constructed in contrast with the languages of other ethnic traditions. A special role is played by Turkisms with sacred meanings, including proper names. The author’s transcultural approach allows the reader to comprehend the complexity of cultural interactions and to perceive the commonalities within the diversity of cultural phenomena.
Copyright (c) 2025 Temirgazina Z.K., Aselderova R.O. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nation-building and Writing System: Mongol Bichig in Linguistic Landscape of Ulaanbaatar
This study examines the linguistic landscape of Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, in relation to the country’s current nation-building processes, which are closely intertwined with the introduction of the classical Mongolian writing system, Mongol Bichig , into official documentation and school education. The author relies on the method of photographing linguistic landscape units in the center of Ulaanbaatar and on surveys revealing public opinion on Mongol Bichig and people’s linguistic competence in it. The research shows a natural time lag between the intentions of the government and Mongolian society and the actual presence of Mongol Bichig in the linguistic landscape and everyday linguistic practices. The issue of Mongol Bichig is considered within the broad historical and linguistic context showing past and present efforts to construct national identity, currently building it on the original writing system. The research shows a natural time lag between the intentions of the government and Mongolian society and the actual presence of Mongol Bichig in the linguistic landscape and everyday linguistic practices. So far, Mongol Bichig performs mostly symbolic function. Its symbolic representations in the linguistic landscape of Mongolian capital are driven not only by historical memory, ideas of national identity and patriotism, but also by the strategies of commodification of national identity in the form of marketing of authenticity and locality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khilkhanova E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Terminological Traps for Russian Bilingual Scientists
This study addresses the issue of terminological pitfalls encountered by Russian bilingual scholars working in the field of linguoculturology and other humanities disciplines. The author examines the situation in which researchers proficient in at least two languages - their native tongue (the language of their ethnic culture) and Russian (the state and professional language of science) - analyze and describe linguocultural phenomena primarily in Russian. As a result, there is a risk of terminological substitution and a distortion in the understanding of cultural concepts, since the original categories are described using the resources of another language. This leads to negative linguistic interference and a loss of authenticity in the object under study. The article emphasizes that this problem is particularly relevant in Russian regions, where a significant proportion of the scientific community consists of bilinguals. The author analyzes the causes of terminological pitfalls, including the established practice of scientific communication predominantly in Russian, limited reflection on the linguistic and cognitive characteristics of bilingualism, and insufficient attention to sociocultural factors in the organization of science in regional contexts. The author also notes that such processes are observed not only in oral discussions but also in scientific publications, including articles, monographs, and dissertations. The article provides a review of scholarly literature on the problems of bilingualism, interference, and the specifics of Russian science, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to analyzing the situation. The historical dynamics of language policy in the USSR and Russia are considered, as well as changes in the role of national languages in scientific communication. Special attention is paid to the specifics of working as a humanities scholar in national research centers and the difficulties encountered when studying and describing one’s own culture in a professional language different from one’s native tongue. The problem of terminological pitfalls extends beyond a single scientific discipline and requires an interdisciplinary approach integrating linguoculturology, sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, sociology, and psychology. The article stresses the necessity of further research into the cognitive and sociocultural aspects of bilingualism in Russian science and calls for deeper reflection on the linguistic and terminological risks faced by bilingual scholars.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lamazhaa C.K. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Principles of Decomposition of the Language System, Definition of the Opposition of Its Elements and Their Integration in the Construction of Linguistic and Computational Concepts
The purpose of the study is to consider the decomposition of language and the possibility of using the method of oppositions of linguistic elements, which naturally converge to form a common system. The study presents the classical theoretical principles of opposition from the point of view of philosophy, logic and linguistics. Following this, linguistic opposition is considered in the context of reality, which forms complex relationships between the compared elements of the language system, and not from the point of view of formal logic, which would limit the oppositional possibilities of the language system and language as a whole. Against this background, the vector of the still unformulated system of some concepts and their differentiation is determined, especially in linguistics (for example, dichotomy, dualism, bondage, etc.). To achieve this goal, first of all, decomposition was considered as a process of dividing a model into elements, the general solution of which, in relation to language, is abstraction, aimed at the reverse process to dismemberment - the reduction of parts meaningful to the researcher, while providing an understanding of their diffusion, completeness and accuracy of the model structure. Against this background, despite the inconclusive solution in philosophy and science to the dispute between elementarianism and holism, the article attempts to consider these two concepts in relation to language as a system and language as a domestic means of communication. Secondly, the method of opposition of subsystems and elements of the language is introduced on the linguistic material, which makes it possible to identify not only the obvious external differences between the compared parts, but also those qualitative properties that form the overall volume of the system, and thereby unite the matched pair, structuring the system. As a linguistic material, the article examines oppositional relations between particular elements in the field of phonology, grammar and lexicology of the Russian language; describes speech and linguistic processes that took place outside and in speech activity using the example of the Latin language in different periods of its existence. The results of the article provide illustrative theoretical and linguistic material for the realization of the main goal of systemic linguistics as a science - the awareness of language as a system. This approach can serve to create algorithms necessary for bringing together systems of externally independent disciplines, which is very important for achieving goals and solving problems in the field of computational linguistics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kobylko Y. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Poet Mashrab in the Play “Flights of Mashrab” by Mark Weil
The legendary Central Asian poet Boborakhim Mashrab, who lived at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries, has inspired Russian artists, writers, and theater performers since the late 19th century, the time of the Russian Empire’s conquest of the Turkestan region. In the study the theatrical performance “Flights of Mashrab,” staged in 2006 by director Mark Weil in the Tashkent theater “Ilkhom”, is observed in the perspective of theatrical biopic as an artistic biography of a historical person. Emphasis is placed on the carnival poetics of the performance (in M.M. Bakhtin’s concept): eschrology, travesty and buffoonery. The poetics of the performance is analyzed in comparison with the narrative source “Life of Divan-i-Mashrab” by N.S. Lykoshin, who revealed Mashrab’s personality to the Russian-speaking public in the early 20th century. Attention is paid to the musical design of the performance and the personality of the composer Mozart, who became a character of the theatrical performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kosenko V.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Khan’s Palace in Bakhchisarai - a Cultural Artifact and Architectural Ekphrasis Based on the Texts of Pushkin, Bunin, Parajanov
The study uses biographical, historical-literary, comparative and hermeneutical methods to examine some texts that form the artistic image of the Bakhchisarai Khanate in Russian literature for almost two centuries. The Palace of the Crimean Khans in Bakhchisarai, also known as Khan-Sarai, is a unique structure that is the only example of palace architecture in the Crimean Tatar style in the world. In Russia, it is recognized as an object of cultural heritage of federal significance. If in reality the Palace was built by order of the Crimean khans Gireyev, then the father of it’s image in Russian literature can be called A.S. Pushkin, the architectural ekphrasis created by him will serve as a kind of catalyst that will bring to life a number of images of the Khan’s palace in Russian literature. Many authors connected the Palace, Bakhchisarai and Pushkin, but the article emphasizes the texts of I.A. Bunin and S.I. Paradazhnov. Research material: the poem “The Fountain of Bakhchisarai” by Pushkin, the story “Crimea” by Bunin and the novel-script of the unrealized film “The Sleeping Palace” by Paradzhanov. The purpose of the article is to examine the image of the Khan Palace as a cultural artifact of world importance through the prism of architectural ekphrasis. In such an aesthetic paradigm, the listed texts and the image of the Khan Palace itself were not previously considered. In the course of research on the basis of the works of Russian literary critics, such as B.V. Tomashevsky, I.Z. Surat, S.G. Bocharov, M.P. Bilyk, E.V. Yatsenko, E.F. Shafranskaya, G.T. Garipova, identified patterns and principles determining the logic of formation of the artistic appearance of the architectural ensemble in Bakhchisarai, as well as parallels between these processes. In addition, genre models emerging under the influence of the author’s thinking style are established. The results of the research can be used in the development of lectures and seminars, where the attention of students will be focused on the phenomenon of the ethnocultural component in Russian literature. This will allow to more fully reveal the internal regularities of the literary process of the 20th century.
Copyright (c) 2025 Keshfidinov S.R. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Hyponymic Transformations in the Translation of the Yakut Epic Olonkho into English
The research objective is to consider hyponymy (specification) as a type of lexical-semantic transformation in the translation of the Yakut heroic epic Olonkho into English. The object of the study was the olonkho “Дьулуруйар Ньургун Боотур” by Platon A. Oyunsky and its English translation “Nurgun Botur the Swift.” The main research methods are the comparative method and the method of semantic interpretation of dictionary definitions. As a result, an analysis of the use of hyponymy (specification) in translation of olonkho was carried out. Different types of hyponymic transformation are identified, and the reasons for its use in translation are determined. The results of this study can be used in the development of a theory of translation of the Yakut language, directly in the translation of olonkho, and also as additional material for the course of teaching the theory and practice of translation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nakhodkina A.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0