No 3 (2014)

The article is devoted to a such genre of historical research as intellectual biography. In it in practice (with reference to the person of outstanding German scientist Karl Jaspers) are considered the basic methods, applied during the process of preparation of the intellectual biography, the circle of research problem is defined, typical for the given direction and their specific character is explained. Special attention is given to interdisciplinary as the basic condition of a successful scientific work on the given direction of intellectual history. A number of problems is listed in the article with which the historian, making the intellectual biography, anyway faces. The necessity of overcoming highly specialized scientific frames during the preparation of the intellectual biography becomes abundantly clear as it is impossible to understand the historical determinates of foldings of the whole system of scientific outlook of the intellectual without the reference to the system analysis of its scientific views, without immersing to the sphere of his professional interests which, as is known, can be far from history. The specified fact is the main reason for criticism of the direction of intellectual history from the adherents of “pure” history. The author defines a circle of research problems, among which are: definition of a circle of the research problems, objectively rising before the historian-intellectualist, realization of the selection of methods of research, relevant to the solution of objectives, demonstration of a bright example of practical application of methods of interdisciplinary research within writing of the intellectual biography of Jaspers.

The article considers the issue of the offensive and defensive armament of the serving Tatars of the Moscow state in the XV-XVIIth centuries, its research degree in the national historiography, the opportunities and prospects of its enhanced studying. The serving Tatars were one of the categories of the Moscow state nobility, which is reflected, first of all, in written sources. The weapons complex of Russian serving Tatars included minimal armour. European sources do not mention armour and helms or shield. But noble Tatars could have costly armour of many types that were used in that epoch by peoples of Eastern Europe and Middle East - Russians, Persians, Turks. The basic weapons of the serving Tatars were bows and arrows. In the close combat they were using sabres, and (rarely) spears. The fire weapon was not used by the serving Tatars (or they used it very rarely and it was not characteristic for their weapons complex), because it was ineffective in their tactics. The serving Tatars were light mobile horse archers that preferred battles of long-distance.

Study of the problem of “class character” of 1917’ revolution and competency of the term “proletarian revolution”. The author considers questions of participation of various social groups in the Russian revolution, draws analogies of social composition of previous revolutions, considers the principle of “proletarian revolution”, as an ideology element for positioning of Bolsheviks and power capture. It is necessary to consider that an age, gender and national factor played much bigger role un Russian revolution than class factor. Revolution in Russia in many respects leaned on young generations which made more than a third of the population of the Russian Empire by 1917. In fight against tsarism separate calculation was based on the non-russian population and national suburbs of the empire. The special role in the Russian revolution was played by the peasantry. Revolution happened in the capital (in two capitals in Russia), the peasantry remained indifferent to revolution while Bolsheviks didn't begin to take away from them the food violently. This period:(summer - fall of 1919) became the time of peak of the Civil war. However return of landowners and their claim for property of the land forced peasants to turn bayonets for revolution and the earth and, eventually, to provide to Bolsheviks a victory in the Civil war.

The article deals with the characteristic of the sanitary and epidemiological conditions of the Vladimir region during the Great Patriotic War. The author considers the activities of the sanitary services in the sphere of public health care during the Great Patriotic War, analyzes the difficulties which emerged in the health care system in that period. Besides, the author traces the dynamics of fertility and general sanitary conditions in the region. There is pointed out selfless labour of medical staff in the hard circumstances of the war years. The author emphasizes that the problems of the health authorities were divided into two categories. The first category of the problems had been before the war, the second category was caused by the war. These were specific health problems - increased incidence of people pediculosis, unsanitary living and working conditions, deteriorating health care. The author concludes that the health workers made a great contribution to the victory over the enemy.

The article analyzes the relationships between Russia (later the Russian Empire) and Central Asia countries, in particular with the Kazakh and Mongolian nations in the period of late XVII-XVIII th centuries. The research shows the features of mutual relationships, the purposes and tasks of the Russian policy in this region, and it also reveals the competition for supremacy there between Russia and China ruled by Qing dynasty. The author considers the advantages and drawbacks of the Russian political course developted by Peter I towards the Kazakh and Monogolians. Besides, the article considers the models of the relations between Russia and Central Asia nations, which enable to assess the results of the pursued foreign police of the country in this region.

The article is devoted the history of the missionary work in one of the northern parts of the Russian state. The author analyzes the major directions of the state-church policy in the Yakutsk region, points out the main stages of the missionary activity (preachers, hiking church mission) and considers the relationship of religion and state representatives of local civil authorities and shamans. There are emphasized the objective and subjective difficulties of the missionary service in Yakutia, including the severe climate, considerable territorial space, low population density with a different mentality within the most nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle.Main attention is paid to the Christianization of the Chukchi. The author concludes that the missionary in the Yakut region has come a long way of development, its most effective solutions were worked out during the practical activity and at the beginning of the XXth century there was developed a unified nation-wide integrated system. In the conditions of Yakutia the missionary activity of the spiritual department became one of the integrators of incorporation into the Russian state.

The article considers the educational strategy of Russian history, Russian language and basics of the Russian legislation, implemented among labour migrants in terms of their work permit, citizenship of the Russian Federation after the positive exams. The analysis showed that this important work is conducted in the Russian University of friendship of peoples, which is one of the developers of modules for all the above disciplines and Creator of test tasks, unique methods of teaching foreigners, etc. that will start to be implemented in full since January 2015, This work is connected with the fact that currently the Russian Federation and, in particular, the Moscow region are experiencing difficulties in the field of migration policy. In this situation the state authorities tried to provide possible assistance to people in difficult life situation. In particular, migrants were allocated premises for permanent and temporary residence, land for construction of housing, provided medical care, conducted training and education of children in schools and kindergartens, for seniors and low-income issues were resolved on payment of pensions and allowances, etc. But at the same time, financial opportunities of the Russian regions for solution of all problems of migrants did not increase. Such problems are standing before the authorities practically all subjects of the Russian Federation. With this in mind, the article suggests ways of solving these problems.