RUDN Journal of Russian History
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history
<p><strong>Editor-in-Chief</strong>: Marina N. Moseykina, <span lang="EN-US">Doctor of Science (History),</span> Professor</p> <p><strong>ISSN: </strong><span lang="EN-US">2312-8674</span> (Print) <strong>ISSN: </strong><span lang="EN-US">2312-8690</span> (Online)</p> <p><strong>Founded in</strong> 2002. <span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="en"><strong style="color: #000000;"><strong>Publication frequency</strong></strong>:</span> quarterly</p> <p><strong>PUBLISHER</strong>: <a href="http://eng.rudn.ru/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</a></p> <p><strong style="color: #000000;">Open Access</strong>: <img src="/files/journals/1//OA.png" alt="" width="68" height="25">. <strong>APC</strong>: no article processing charge</p> <p><strong>Peer-Review</strong>: double blind. <strong>Publication language</strong>: Russian, English</p> <p><strong>Indexation</strong>: Web of Science Core Collection's Emerging Sources Citation Index, Scopus, Russian Index of Science Citation, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat, East View, Cyberleninka, DOAJ, Dimensions, ResearchBib, Lens, Research4Life, JournalTOCs</p>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)ru-RURUDN Journal of Russian History2312-8674<h4 style="text-align: left;" align="center"><em>The right of authorship belongs to the authors of articles. The authors transfer the rights to use the article (including the use and distribution of an article in the Open Access) to the publisher of the journal on a non-exclusive license (Publishing Agreement (Public Offer)). At the same time, authors remain full rightsholders.</em></h4> <h3 align="center">Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical<br>'RUDN Journal of Russian History'</h3> <p>The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0044-09/20-198 dated 29.07.2020, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Russian History', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms.</p> <p><strong>1. General Terms and Conditions</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>1.1. Pursuant to Clause 2 of the Article 437 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Agreement shall be recognized as the public offer, hereinafter referred to as the Offer. Subject to Article 438 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Offer shall be deemed to have been completely and irrevocably accepted after the Author had submitted his/her materials by uploading those onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Information and Communication Network known as the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Internet.</p> <p>1.2. Pursuant to the Russian Federation effective law as applicable to compliance with the copyright to electronic information resources, no materials from any site, electronic journal or project may be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, either in a hard or soft copy, without a prior consent from the Journal's authors and editorial staff, which may be expressed by posting a respective consent (open license <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 CC BY-NC</a>) in the relevant section of the Journal's site on the Internet. <br>Whenever any published materials are used within the context of other documents, a reference to the original source needs to be specified.</p> <p>1.3. The Journal is registered by the Federal Oversight Service for Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (RosKomNadzor).</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>2. Terms Used in This Agreement</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>The Author</strong> is an individual (or individuals) whose creative labor has produced the Article.</p> <p><strong>The Offer Acceptance</strong> means a complete and irrevocable acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Clause 3 hereof (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e. by uploading the Article along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Internet).</p> <p><strong>The Journal</strong> means an academic periodical named 'RUDN Journal of Russian History'.</p> <p><strong>The Application </strong>means an electronic request of the Author addressed to the Publisher for publishing the Article in the Journal by uploading the Article and support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Internet).</p> <p><strong>The Publisher</strong> is the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University), being the Journal's founder and publisher.</p> <p><strong>The Article's Metadata </strong>means any materials in Russian and English intended to be included into the Science Citation database as per the original version of the Article such as the Article title; authors' details (full last name, first name, patronymic, present employer of each author with indication of the postal code, contact details (e-mail) of each author; abstract; keywords; topical classifications: UDC or any other bibliographic and library classification, and subject indices; bibliography (list of references).</p> <p><strong>The Offer</strong> means this document (offer to the Author) to publish an Article by uploading it onto the site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Internet.</p> <p><strong>The Publication </strong>means the act of publishing the Article in the Journal.</p> <p><strong>The Journal's Editorial Staff</strong> means a creative team engaged in preparing the Journal for publication.</p> <p><strong>The Editorial Board</strong> is an advisory body of the Journal's Editorial Office.</p> <p><strong>The Article</strong> means a result of fundamental and applied scholarly efforts in the form of a scholarly material, scientific review material, scientific message, bibliographical review on specific topics of the scholarly study, and background information on Russian and foreign scientists submitted by the Author for publication in the Journal.</p> <p><strong>The Parties </strong>mean the Author and the Publisher.</p> <p><strong>The Article Requirements </strong>mean requirements to the materials published in the Journal's section named "To Authors" of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/about/submissions#authorGuidelines"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/about/submissions#authorGuidelines</a></span> on the Internet.</p> <p><strong>The Service </strong>means publication of the Article in the Journal as per the Author's application.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>3. Subject Matter of the Agreement (Offer)</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>3.1. Subject to this Agreement, the Author shall provide the Publisher at no expense for the copyright duration as stated by the Russian Federation legislation with <strong>a non-exclusive license</strong> for use of the Author-created Article for the purpose of its publication in the Journal.</p> <p>3.2. The rights to use this Article as assigned hereunder shall include but not limited to:</p> <ul> <li>reproduction of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English in any material form whatsoever, including soft and hard copy forms, as an individual work product in periodicals and/or databases (whether local or web-based) owned by the Publisher and/or any other persons at the discretion of the Publisher;</li> <li>dissemination of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English on any media as part of the Journal and/or databases owned by the Publisher or any other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher, or as an individual work product, worldwide via open access or by subscription without payment of any fee to the Author;</li> <li>making public the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English so that any person could access the Article from any location and at any time of his/her choice (including via the Internet);</li> <li>issuing permissions to use the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English to any third parties while notifying the Author by publishing the respective information on the Journal's site without payment of any fee to the Author;</li> <li>processing, including translation of the Article (including translation into foreign languages), and use of the processed (translated) Article in any manner specified above;</li> <li>any other rights, not expressly assigned to the Publisher hereunder, including patent rights to any processes, techniques or methods, and other means, described by the Author in the Article, as well as trademark rights, shall be retained by the Author.</li> </ul> <p>3.3. No territorial restrictions will be applied to the use of rights to the Article.</p> <p>3.4. This Agreement shall become effective from the time the Article is submitted to the Journal, i.e. uploaded along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Article Upload.</p> <p>3.5. The rights shall be assigned by the Author to the Publisher at no expense, and the Article publication in the Journal shall not result in any financial contribution to the Author.</p> <p>3.6. If the Publisher decides to refuse to publish the Article in the Journal, this Agreement shall cease to be in force. A decision to refuse publication shall be sent to the Author via the e-mail address specified in the Application.</p> <p>3.7. The Publisher undertakes, throughout the currency of this Agreement, to provide to the Author the services associated with publication of the Article on the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history</a></span> on the Internet.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>4. General Terms of the Services Provision</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>4.1. The Publisher shall provide the services to the Author only if:</p> <ul> <li>the Author submits all materials compliant with the Offer requirements by way of the Article Upload;</li> <li>the Author Accepts the Offer.</li> </ul> <p>4.2. The services shall be provided to the Author free of charge.</p> <p>4.3. If any materials submitted by the Author are found in breach of rules and requirements of this Offer, the Publisher shall have a right to refuse to publish those.</p> <p>4.4. The Publisher shall not be responsible for any third-party unauthorized use of the data provided by the Author during the currency of this Agreement.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>5. Rights and Responsibilities of the Parties</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>5.1. The Author warrants that:</p> <ul> <li>he/she is the valid holder of exclusive rights to the Article; rights granted to the Publisher hereunder were not earlier assigned and will not be assigned to any third parties prior to publication of the Article by the Publisher in the Journal;</li> <li>the Article contains all the references to cited authors and/or sources (materials) that are required by the effective copyright law;</li> <li>the Author has obtained all required licenses to results, facts and other borrowed materials used in the Article where the Author is not a copyright holder;</li> <li>the Article does not contain any materials that may not be published in public sources in accordance with the effective Russian Federation statutory instruments, and the Article publication and dissemination will not involve any disclosure of classified (confidential) information, including state secrets;</li> <li>the Author has familiarized himself with the editorial policy and ethical principles published on the Journal website (<a href="/russian-history/about/editorialPolicies">http://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/about/editorialPolicies</a>) and the consequences of violating these principles, has advised other Co-authors of the terms of this Agreement and has received consents from all the Co-authors to conclude this Agreement under the terms hereunder.</li> </ul> <p>5.2. The Author undertakes to:</p> <ul> <li>submit a manuscript of the Article as per the Requirements to articles;</li> <li>avoid using the soft copy of the Article produced by the Publisher for commercial purposes and in other periodicals;</li> <li>while preparing the Article for publication, the Author undertakes to: <ol type="a"> <li>make edits specified by readers and approved by the Journal's Editorial Office in the text of the Article and/or revise the Article following the Publisher's request, where necessary;</li> <li>proofread the Article within the timeframes specified in the Journal publication schedule;</li> <li>make only such edits in the proof that are minimally required to correct errors made in the Article original and/or introduce factual and momentary changes.</li> </ol> </li> </ul> <p>5.3. The Author is entitled to:</p> <ul> <li>pass to any third party a soft copy of the published Article provided by the Publisher pursuant to Clause 5.4 hereof for the Article to be incorporated, in whole or in part, into a scientific information database or repository in order to promote academic or scholarly investigations or for informational and educational purposes subject to the Author, Journal and Publisher being properly referenced.</li> </ul> <p>5.4. The Publisher undertakes to:</p> <ul> <li>publish the Author's Article, in soft or hard copy form, in the Journal in accordance with the terms hereof;</li> <li>provide the Author with the proof of the Article and make reasonable edits as requested by the Author, where required, following the Journal's Editorial resolution;</li> <li>provide the Author with the soft copy of the published Article by sending it to the Author's e-mail address within 15 business days of the Journal issue's publication;</li> <li>respect the Author's rights established by the effective law, protect those and use best endeavors to prevent any copyright infringements by third parties.</li> </ul> <p>5.5. The Publisher is entitled to:</p> <ul> <li>carry out technical and literary editing of the Article such that its basic content would remain unchanged;</li> <li>review the Article and suggest appropriate changes to the Author, and elect not to publish the Article if the Author fails to introduce such changes;</li> <li>require from the Author and/or other persons that the Journal, Publisher, Author and any other copyright holder, as well as the title of the Article, Journal issue identification and a year of publication as specified in the Journal be properly referenced whenever the Journal and/or the Article, including any individual part or fragment thereof, are used by any of the above-mentioned individuals thereafter;</li> <li>publish preliminary and/or advertising information on the forthcoming publication of the Article in mass media and any other information sources;</li> <li>establish rules (conditions) for acceptance and publication of materials in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Board, headed by the Editor-in-Chief, shall enjoy an exclusive right to accept and/or reject any materials submitted to the Journal's Editorial Office for publication purposes. No manuscript (tangible medium) submitted by the Author to the Journal's Editorial Office will be subject to return. The Journal's Editorial Staff will not enter into any correspondence regarding the rejection of the Article by the Journal's Editorial Board;</li> <li>suspend provision of services to the Author hereunder temporarily for technical, technological and other reasons preventing the services from being provided for the duration of remedial activities;</li> <li>suspend services hereunder in accordance with civil procedures if: <ol> <li type="a">the Article does not correspond to the topics covered by the Journal or by any part thereof, or the submitted material is found insufficient for the individual publication, or the Article design is found at variance with the requirements imposed;</li> <li>the Author is in breach of any other obligations assumed under the Offer arrangement;</li> </ol> </li> <li>introduce changes to the Offer as per the procedure established by the Offer.</li> </ul> <p>5.6. Unless otherwise provided or stated herein, the Parties shall refer to the effective legislation of the Russian Federation.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>6. Offer Acceptance and Conclusion of the Agreement. The Term of the Agreement</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>6.1. This Agreement shall become effective when concluded, i.e. when the Author Accepts the Offer by sending an application to the Publisher, that is, by uploading the Article (Article Upload), and remain in effect for five years.</p> <p>6.2. The Offer Acceptance constitutes an Agreement made in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Russian Federation Civil Code) under the Offer terms.</p> <p>6.3. Unless any of the Parties sends to the other Party a written notification of the Agreement termination no later than two months prior to the end of the specified five-year period, the duration of the Publisher's copyright to the Work shall be automatically extended by the similar period. The number of extensions is not limited.</p> <p>6.4. The term of the Agreement may not exceed the duration of exclusive rights to the Article pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation.</p> <p>6.5. Whenever the Author assigns (disposes of) its exclusive rights to the Work to any third party, this Agreement shall remain in effect.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>7. Agreement Modification and Termination Procedure</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>7.1. The Publisher shall have a right to unilaterally modify the terms of this Agreement by giving a prior notice to the Author, at least ten (10) calendar days before such modifications become effective, to the Author's e-mail address specified in the Author's application or via the Journal's site. These modifications shall become effective from the date specified in the respective notice.</p> <p>7.2. If the Author disagrees with any modification in the terms of this Agreement, the Author shall have a right to submit a written notice of his/her withdrawal from this Agreement by uploading it onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review, available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: <span data-sheets-userformat="{"2":513,"3":{"1":0},"12":0}" data-sheets-value="{"1":2,"2":"http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1"}"><a class="in-cell-link" href="/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/russian-history/author/submit/1</a></span> on the Internet.</p> <p>7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early:</p> <ul> <li>at any time by mutual agreement of the Parties; or</li> <li>otherwise as stipulated herein.</li> </ul> <p>7.4. The Author shall have a right to cancel this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a respective notice in writing at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the intended date of the Author's Article publication in the Journal.</p> <p>7.5. The termination of this Agreement for any reasons shall not release the Parties from responsibility for breach of any Agreement terms during the currency hereof.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>8. Liability</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>8.1. A Party which has failed to perform its obligations under this Agreement, either in full or in part, shall be held liable pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation in force.</p> <p>8.2. All the data provided by the Author shall be trustworthy. The Author shall be responsible for completeness and reliability of the data provided to the Publisher. The use of untrustworthy information obtained from the Author shall not entail any responsibility upon the Publisher for any adverse effects resulting from its actions based on such untrustworthy information.</p> <p>8.3. The Author shall take full personal responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Russian Federation law on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights. <br>8.4. The Publisher shall not be held responsible hereunder for:</p> <ol type="a"> <li>any actions resulting directly or indirectly from the actions of the Author;</li> <li>any loss incurred by the Author whether or not the Publisher was in a position to predict such loss.</li> </ol> <p>8.5. The Publisher shall be relieved from any responsibility for non-compliance with the terms of this Agreement if such non-compliance is a result of a force-majeure event such as an act of state authorities, including adoption of legal instruments, fire, flood, earthquake, other natural calamities, loss of power and/or computer network failure, strikes, civil commotions, riots, and any other similar events.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>9. Dispute Resolution Procedure</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>9.1. Any disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties by negotiations, and if the Parties fail to reach an agreement, these shall be resolved in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation.</p> <p>9.2. If any disagreements remain unresolved, the Parties shall settle those at the location of the Publisher in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>10. Miscellaneous</strong></p> <blockquote> <p>10.1. Any notifications, messages, requests etc., excluding documents which need to be forwarded in original form pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation, shall be deemed to have been received by the Author, if delivered (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal's site, including by publishing those, by fax or e-mail specified in the Application, or using other communication facilities. The Parties acknowledge validity of notifications, messages, requests etc. delivered (sent) using the above-listed methods.</p> <p>10.2. Where the Publisher becomes subject to any claims related to non-compliance with an exclusive copyright or other intellectual property right of any third party during the writing of the Article or in connection with conclusion of this Agreement by the Author, the Author undertakes to:</p> <ul> <li>immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants;</li> <li>reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder.</li> </ul> <p>10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers.</p> <p>10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation.</p> <p>10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services.</p> <p>10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article.</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>11. </strong><strong>Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher</strong></p> <p>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University)</p> <p>Address: 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation</p> <p>TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323.</p> <p>Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin</p>Bogatyrs and Rulers: Folklore Characters in the Ethnic Identity and Religious Practices of the Vyatka Mari
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37288
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author examines the mythological aspect of the entoregional identity of the modern Mari population in the Kirov oblast’ (the Vyatka, the Urzhum-Vyatka Mari) living in the Malmyzhsky and Urzhumsky districts. The author identifies the role of heroic images in modern ethno-cultural activism and the representation of the Vyatka Mari as the main problem of the study. Due to the multidimensional aspect of the problem, the article includes thematic sub-items: Features of the ethnic and religious identity of the Vyatka Mari - Images of folklore rulers in the perception of local residents - Legendary rulers in ethno-cultural activism and commemorative practices - Sacralization of folklore characters. The author considers this problem on the basis of the field materials (interview texts) collected during his expeditions to the Kirov oblast’ in 2015, 2017, 2021, and the regional media. In a multicultural region, inhabited by different ethnic groups, the Mari represent their identity through festive and sacred practices, as well as the veneration of local legendary rulers and heroes: Princes Akpatyr, Akmazik, Boltush (Poltysh) and others. Folklore heroes are objects of the religious cult of the Mari traditional religion, which is manifested in the ethnoregional self-consciousness of the Mari population. Legendary heroes are perceived by the local population as real historical characters. It is revealed that the beliefs in reality of the Mari heroes reflect the idea of the “golden age” of the history of the Vyatka Mari and their heroized past. The images of Boltush, Akpatyr are actively broadcast through the media, the ethnic component in education, local history literature. Thanks to the efforts of local activists, new objects of the cultural landscape emerge in the Malmyzhsky district - monuments at the sites of the symbolic burials of the Mari rulers. The conclusion is formulated that cultural activism, which appeals to the images of Mari folklore, plays a significant role in marking the ethnoregional identity of the Vyatka Mari people. In the text of the article the characters of the Mari folklore of Vyatka are considered in the context of identity. The obtained result allows to apply this theoretical framework for the study of folklore images in relation to the identities of ethnographic groups of the Mari and other peoples of the Volga region. The article is based on the dissertation “The system of mythological characters in the representation of the identities of modern Mari” for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences, defended in 2022 in the N.N. Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</p>Herman Yu. Ustyantsev
Copyright (c) 2023 Ustyantsev H.Y.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
2023-12-152023-12-1522453254510.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-532-545Conflict of Military Governor A.N. Muravyov with Nizhny Novgorod Nobility during the Peasant Reform
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37289
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author analyzes complex relationships between military governor of the Nizhny Novgorod province A.N. Muravyov and the local nobility during the preparation and implementation of the peasant reform of 1861, as well as the trace that they left in historical memory twenty years later. There are considered the personalized mechanism of interaction between the government and society at the micro-social level, the method of resolving conflicts, including through appeals to higher authorities. The subjective and objective reasons for the enmity are revealed, including the experience of confrontation between the main protagonists during the Decembrist uprising, the consistent expansion of the circle of participants in the conflict, due to the inclusion of the governor’s supporters among the nobility after his resignation. The purpose of the study is to identify the peculiarities of social behavior of officials and noblemen through the analysis of correspondence between government officials and local nobility. The author found that the bureaucracy was always guided by the viewpoint of the monarch, and members of the nobility were much more independent in words and actions. This type of behavior was consistent with the privileged role of the upper class in the Russian Empire, especially in the pre-reform period. The conflict between the military governor and the local nobility was reflected in the controversial memories of A.N. Muravyov and his contribution to the abolition of serfdom in the Nizhny Novgorod province. The officials remembered A.N. Muravyov as an exponent of the will of the Tsar Liberator.</p>Natalya M. Seliverstova
Copyright (c) 2023 Seliverstova N.M.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
2023-12-152023-12-1522454655810.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-546-558Activities of the Guardianships of National Sobriety in the Urals in Late XIX - Early XХ Century: Regional Experience in the Anti-Alcohol Struggle
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37290
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author reconstructs the regional historical experience of the anti-alcohol struggle in pre-revolutionary Russia. There is emphasized important practical significance of the problem under study in the context of solving problems of promoting a healthy lifestyle in modern Russian society. A wide range of historiographical literature and sources is involved, on the basis of which it is shown that by the beginning of the XX century in the work of the Ural guardianships of national sobriety there dominated the cultural and educational trend. The author comes to the conclusion that in late XIX - early XX centuries the guardianships of national sobriety failed to stop the spread of drunkenness in the region. However, despite the limited material resources allocated from the treasury, these institutions made a significant contribution to the organization of “reasonable” leisure for the Ural residents and to the development of the culture of the Ural society as a whole. The social support of guardianships of national sobriety in the Urals was one of the prerequisites for strengthening the temperance movement in the region during the period under review. Under the harsh conditions of the state-owned wine monopoly, the temperance movement was the spiritual and mental response of the public (secular and church) to the challenges of the time, and the promotion of the idea of sobriety was a palliative means of resolving this issue.</p>Elena Yu. Kazakova-Apkarimova
Copyright (c) 2023 Kazakova-Apkarimova E.Y.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522455957210.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-559-572Establishment of the System of Sanitary and Medical Services for Workers of the Caspian-Volga Fisheries in the Second Half of the XIX - Early XX Century
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37291
<p style="text-align: justify;">The authors examine the history of the establishment of the system of sanitary inspection and medical care for workers of the Caspian-Volga fisheries. There is considered the fishing legislation of the XIX - early XX century. It is stated that, despite the approved rules, fishery workers actually had no qualified medical care, the provision of which was entrusted to the owners of the fishing business. The authors come to the conclusion that the supervision of the sanitary condition of the fisheries was not effective due to a number of reasons: unresolved personnel problems, the large territorial expanses of sanitary areas with a lack of vehicles for sanitary doctors, the difficulties of bureaucratic interaction between the Department of Fisheries and Seal Fisheries, regional authorities and owners of the fishing business, etc. The shortcomings of the sanitary and medical services for fisheries, as well as the specific geographical location and natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan province contributed to the wide spread of various epidemic diseases. Due to the lack of the public free healthcare system and qualified medical personnel, there emerged infectious diseases, which led to high mortality among fishery workers.</p>Sergey V. VinogradovYulia G. Eshchenko
Copyright (c) 2023 Vinogradov S.V., Eshchenko Y.G.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522457358610.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-573-586Socialization of School Youth of the Southern Urals in the 1950s - Early 1960s
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37292
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author considers the influence of the main social institutions of the state and society on the socialization of school youth in the post-war decades. The use of archival materials and sources of private origin allows highlighting the behavior and leisure activities of adolescents aged 14-18 years. Based on the materials of the RSFSR, there is analyzed the contradictory impact of social reality on the moral and ethical standards of Soviet schoolchildren’s behavior declared by the Soviet state. At the same time, the focus is on urban school youth of the Southern Urals - the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Kurgan, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk regions during the Khrushchev Thaw. In addition to the high moral stability of the younger generation, which was required in the conditions of the ideological confrontation between the two systems, Soviet schoolchildren were seen as a powerful labor resource for restoring the economy and building the communist future. The author identifies numerous difficulties that hindered the formation of the “new man” of communist society. There are revealed the main activities of schools and out-of-school institutions for the education of Soviet youth. Special attention is paid to the study of social problems and offences among young people. The main reasons for the shift in moral and ethical standards of adolescents’ behavior are determined. It is concluded that in the conditions of contradictions of the state, society and school, a significant role in the socialization of youth was played by education in a team. The main institutions of the state and society formed in schoolchildren such moral qualities as honor, dignity, friendship, and mutual assistance.</p>Rustam Z. Almaev
Copyright (c) 2023 Almaev R.Z.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522458759810.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-587-598Industrial Development of the National Republics of the Volga-Vyatka Region during the Implementation of the Reform of Industry and Construction Management in 1957-1965
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37293
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author describes the results of the industrial development of the industry of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region (Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) during the implementation of the Sovnarkhoz reform (1957-1965), when instead of the sectoral principle of industrial and construction management, a model of territorial administration represented by the councils of the national economy operated. It is shown that the reform carried out contributed to the intensification of industrial construction in the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region: the existing industrial enterprises expanded and modernized, new factories and factories were put into operation, the structure of industry changed in favor of more knowledge-intensive industries, rationalization developed, labor productivity increased. The growth rate of industry in the Mari, Mordovian and Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the seven-year period exceeded the average Russian indicators. One of the factors that contributed to the rapid industrial development of the republics at the turn of the 1950s - 1960s was the course of the Soviet government to equalize the socio-economic conditions of various national regions of the country by modernizing their industrial potential. It was concluded that the reform of territorial administration became a powerful impulse to accelerate the development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region. By the beginning of the administrative reform, all three republics were territories with the predominant development of agriculture, but in the 1960s they turned into industrial-agrarian republics. The increase in the level of industrial development of the republics of the Volga-Vyatka region was accompanied by an increase in the level of urbanization, the creation of new educational and scientific institutions, and an increase in the scale of housing construction.</p>Aleksey I. Mineev
Copyright (c) 2023 Mineev A.I.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522459961110.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-599-611Combat Training of Personnel of the Moscow Military District units in 1934-1940
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37294
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author analyzes the indicators reflecting the level of combat training of the units of the Moscow Military District in 1934-1940. There is considered the organization of the training process of units as one of the main components of effective military training. The data collection on the level of training of the Red Army personnel and headquarters commanders in the framework of tactical and marksmanship training is studied. The source base of the work was the office documents stored in the Russian State Military Archive. It is concluded that in the course of implementing the process of combat training of the Moscow Military District units, some progress was made. In particular, individual training of soldiers and small units increased; the results of shooting improved. At the same time, there were constant problems, such as the organization of the training, the shortage of qualified personnel, as well as the level of tactical training.</p>Adel M. Sitdikov
Copyright (c) 2023 Sitdikov A.M.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522461262810.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-612-628“Voluntary Mobilization” in July 1941: Recruitment of Divisions of People's Militia of Moscow
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37295
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author presents an analysis of the peculiarities of manning divisions of the People's militia, formed in Moscow in July 1941. Despite the abundance of literature on the history of the Moscow militia, this aspect of its history has not been studied enough. The research is based on archival sources: both documents of the military department and on documents of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which have been actively introduced into scientific circulation in recent years. The content of the regulatory framework of the militia, the formation of the administrative and command vertical, the production and territorial principle of recruitment and related features of the selection of commanding and enlisted personnel are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of voluntary and mobilization aspects of recruitment, as well as propaganda support of the campaign. Conclusions are drawn that the formation of militia was carried out in the shortest possible time set by the state, however, being organized as a typical mass campaign of that time, it had many drawbacks, among which the quality of personnel selection occupied one of the most prominent places and then required numerous adjustments that took several months.</p>Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Copyright (c) 2023 Bezugolny A.Y.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522462964410.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-629-644Czechoslovak and Yugoslav Military Units Created in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War: Effectiveness Analysis
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37296
<p style="text-align: justify;">Based on the example of the history of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps and the 1st Yugoslav Infantry Brigade created on the territory of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, there are revealed the peculiarities of the effectiveness of “foreign” military units on the territory of a third country. To date, these issues have not been sufficiently studied in historical science. The source base used in the research includes both published and unpublished documents from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Military Archive and Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. It is shown that despite similar conditions of the formation and assistance from the USSR, the destinies of the Czechoslovak army corps and the Yugoslav brigade were different. The former became a symbol of Czechoslovakia’s struggle against Nazism and the basis of the new Czechoslovak army, whereas the Yugoslav brigade underwent “reformatting”, “dissolved” in the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia; it did not become the basis of the new Yugoslav army and then practically passed into oblivion. The author concludes that with regard to the effectiveness of the Czechoslovak army corps and the Yugoslav brigade, the decisive role was played by the relationship of their command with the main political participant in the process of creating these military units, on whose will both the achievement of the goals set and their very existence depended; the other factors were indirect.</p>Fedor L. Sinitsyn
Copyright (c) 2023 Sinitsyn F.L.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522464565510.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-645-655Hungarian Volunteer Anti-Fascist Armed Groups during the Great Patriotic War
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37297
<p style="text-align: justify;">Using the example of the history of Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups created during the Great Patriotic War, the author identifies the factors that became decisive in the formation of a “foreign” military unit. The source base used in the research includes both published and unpublished documents from three federal archives - the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, the Russian State Military Archive, and the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The creation of Hungarian military units was complicated by the lack of an organized anti-fascist movement among prisoners of war, who for the most part remained loyal to the regime of Miklós Horthy. The changes in the domestic and foreign political situation of Hungary in 1944 contributed to the development of the volunteer movement and the beginning of the process of forming Hungarian volunteer anti-fascist groups. The author comes to the conclusion that the decisive factors that influenced the formation of the Hungarian volunteer units were the external ones. They contributed to the growth of anti-fascist and anti-German sentiment among prisoners of war, which led to a change in the attitude of the Hungarians to the idea of creating volunteer units; it allowed the Soviet command to begin their deployment at the final stage of the Great Patriotic War.</p>Sergey Yu. Kondratenko
Copyright (c) 2023 Kondratenko S.Y.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522465666910.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-656-669Western Religious Propaganda in the Holy Land in the Correspondence of V.N. Khitrovo and K.P. Pobedonostsev in the 1880s
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37298
<p style="text-align: justify;">The author has examined the correspondence of socio-religious figure and founder of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS) V.N. Khitrovo with Chief Procurator of the Holy Synod K.P. Pobedonostsev in the 1880s; the problem of propaganda of the Catholic and Protestant churches in the Holy Land is explored. It is shown that in his detailed reports, historical essays and letters V.N. Khitrovo informed K.P. Pobedonostsev about threats to Orthodoxy in the Holy Land. V.N. Khitrovo rightly supposed that the success of Western propaganda was due to the Western powers’ implementation of their national interests. The religious policy of France and the Protestant powers (England and Germany) was a “tool” for promoting their national interests. “Propaganda” and religious penetration of Western faiths manifested themselves in religious and political forms, which was embodied in the creation of educational institutions, hospitals, the spread of semi-secular women’s orders, and the education of the local population. V.N. Khitrovo associated the success of Catholicism with the activities of Latin Patriarch I. Valerga. A special way of penetration into the Holy Land was biblical research, one example of which was the activities of Victorian General Gordon. V.N. Khitrovo considered that the weakening of Orthodoxy in the Holy Land was due to not only modest funding, but also insufficient coordination of secular and church institutions of the Russian Empire in the implementation of state religious policy. The author comes to the conclusion that the correspondents had trust-based relations and similar views on major religious and political issues.</p>Vladimir V. Blokhin
Copyright (c) 2023 Blokhin V.V.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522467067910.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-670-679Situation of Religious Communities in the USSR National Autonomies in 1985-1991: The Case of the Khakass Autonomous Region
https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/37299
<p style="text-align: justify;">The authors consider the situation of religious communities in the Khakass Autonomous Region in the context of the state-religious policy of the USSR during the period of perestroika in 1985-1991. The study was carried out on the basis of the records of state Soviet, party institutions and religious associations stored in the National Archive of the Republic of Khakassia and the State Archive of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as regulatory documents. In the course of the research it was established that in Khakassia, as well as throughout the country, from 1985 religious life was intensified. At the same time, the Commissioners of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the Krasnoyarsk Territory characterized the religious situation in Khakassia as turbulent from the 1960s and asked for a dedicated post for this national autonomy. It was found that the largest part of the religious communities in the region belonged to different trends of Protestantism, although there were also followers of Orthodoxy, Catholicism, and Islam. In Protestant communities there was an increase in missionary work, and in some cases they wanted to avoid contacts with authorities. The liberalization of the state policy was not always adequately reflected in the actions of the authorities of the Khakass Autonomous Region. There was found relationship between ethnic and religious processes. It was noted that Khakassians tended towards Pentecostalism and Jehovah's Witnesses; representatives of German and Polish nationalities tended towards the communities of Catholics, Lutherans, and Seventh-day Adventists. In addition, in the region there was recorded an increase in the preaching activities of religious leaders from Sweden and the United States.</p>Petr K. DashkovskiyNatalia S. Goncharova
Copyright (c) 2023 Dashkovskiy P.K., Goncharova N.S.
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2023-12-152023-12-1522468069510.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-4-680-695