No 2 (2014)

The article is devoted to the eschatological component of the Russian religious schism of the XVIIth century. The authors prove its significance in terms of the social cataclysms of the "buntashny century" and consider the correlation between the identifiable positions in the schism and the genesis of the "Third Rome" doctrine. The authors present historiosophia of the schism theory.

The article analyzes social and political views of M.D. Skobelev, an outstanding military commander, a hero of the Russian-Turkish and Balkan wars¸ who contributed greatly to the entry of Central Asia (Turkestan) and other regions into the Russian Empire. The author concludes that M.D. Skobelev’s views were close to those of the Slavophiles, though they differed greatly on a number of key issues. They both considered that it was necessary to restore national identity, to consolidate Orthodoxy, to give up European values to the detriment of national ones, to search for the own development way instead of the western one, which was deadlock and destructive.

The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of scientific historical views on jadidism - modernization of the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Russian empire on second half of 19 th - beginning of 20 th century. On the basis of the historiographic analysis of soviet scientific literature of 30-60's of 20 th century the author came to a conclusion about essential politicization of historical researches in the field (connected with fight for the eradication of national movements of Muslim peoples) and strengthening of the party and state control, that has reached its apogee in the late 40's - early 50's of 20 th century. Prior to the official historio-graphy was tasked to debunk jadidism (asserted the theory of «single-stream»), show the international social class nature of the all-Russian historical processes. Despite the deformation of scientific researches, national historians have succeeded in preserving the scientific traditions and continue to research the problems of jadidism.

The article examines the peculiarities of the Chernigov principality that despite the fragmentation becomes strong, independent state. The analysis made it possible to reveal that in terms of economic, political and cultural development Chernigov principality became the center of ancient kingdoms. However, despite this stability of government in the Chernigov principality remained underdeveloped, unstable system of principalities that undermines ma-nagement principality began to malfunction, which adversely affects its unity, continued strife. Analysis of the features of formation of princely power in South-Eastern XI−XV centuries showed that its evolution has undergone during this period significant historical change. Some of the principality in the consolidation of power structures became a powerful independent state, despite periods of fragmentation decline, others are constantly in a state of hostilities with the Cumans, who were accompanied by the ruin of towns and villages, the capture of the population, etc. But common to all the kingdoms of South-Eastern Russia was striving for freedom. Solutions to this problem are linked with the activities Verkhovskaya principalities, although the latter was also a hard fate. All their history, especially the second half of the XIV century. was closely associated with the struggle for power between the pro-Moscow and prolitovskoy groups. Virtually all the principality Southeast Russia kept the faith, no matter what, in its independence, unity and freedom.

The article analyzes the biography of Russian full general A.A. Brusilov − the hero of World War I, whose name is associated with the term “Brusilov Offensive”. The author exa-mines his views on the new situation which developed in Russia during the two revolutions of 1917, and then in the Soviet period. The author highly appreciates the theoretical preparation level of A.A. Brusilov, who got full military education in tsarist Russia; reveals the pre-sence of numerous analogous episodes in the biographies of A.A. Brusilov and A.V. Suvorov. He focuses on the similar origin of two Russian heroes, whose families belonged to the military dynasties of imperial Russia. The author concludes that the continuity of generations is very important in the issue of effective army’s functioning. This tradition was preserved in the new Soviet state.

The research goal of this article is to consider the place of personal book collections (also often referred to as «private library») of the late XX th − early XXI st centuries in the national culture system. The article analyzes the problems associated with collecting books. The author considers the reasons of literary collections formation and their tragic fate after the revolutionary events of 1917, when a large part of the book collections was divided or died completely. There are pointed out specified leading private book collections of the last century and forms of cooperation of private libraries owners with the state. The author comes to the conclusion that the personal book collections are an essential value for the development of the Russian culture in the New and Newest time, particularly considering the example of separate book collections of the last decades. It is equally important to admit that the state should play a special role in the formation of private book collections and care for the preservation of book culture through the development of private libraries, because the culture of the book is subjected to strong pressure from electronic texts that carry information, but are not books.

The article is devoted to the main directions of interaction of the state and the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1980-2000s. The author characterizes the main stages of the state and confessional relations in Russia and considers the key problems and tendencies in the course of the legislation change in the context of social and political processes. The analysis enables to identify the specificity of the interaction of government agencies and religious organizations in the context of legislation changes in the period under review. The author concludes that the result of the church and state activities in this period can be considered a serious constructive dialogue on monitoring the implementation of legislation in the field of the church-state relations and the creation of conditions for the realization of human rights: the state is interested in enhancing the participation of confessions in moral education of Russians spirit of respect for tradition and tolerance, the church treats the state as a partner that can provide effective protection of the interests of believers, to assist in the implementation of various programs aimed at improving the conditions of their work.