No 4 (2015)

Thousands of words are used both in English and Russian as metaphors and not only in literary or poetic language, but also in everyday language as for example in periodicals or everyday. This article regards the usage of metaphors in sporting mass media describing the world of basketball whereby it is necessary to note that the sporting discourse itself explicates concept sphere being correlated with the system of senses determining sporting activity. As sport belongs to human playing activity it has an imitation character hence concepts and vocabulary in this discourse representing the given type of activity are as a rule the secondary ones. In the article the attention is paid to existing differences between English and Russian discourses which manifest themselves particularly in addressing to educational sphere in American discourse because sport in the first place is university one, e.g. “freshman” (первокурсник) whereas in Russian discourse a new player is called «новобранец». On the whole, metaphorical comprehension of sporting events in sporting mass media while describing a basketball game is revealed in the same paradigm as football, hockey as well as other team games. The most frequent metaphors comparing game with “war”, “fight” and likening it to “spectacle” - show, theatre and witchcraft.

The article deals with the examination of two Russian author’s idioms “three, seven, ace” (Aleksander Pushkin, The Queen of Spades, 1833) and “ward No. 6” (Anton Chekhov, Ward No.6, 1892) with generic seme “madness” in the medical aspect.

Allowing to reveal the peculiarities of the perception of the world of each particular native speaker and member of culture, comparative benchmark analysis of texts, including that of the texts of original writing and the translated one, is of current interest within the framework of modern anthropocentric paradigm. Being based on the novel by S. Sanbayev ways of translation of one group of lexemes into English are considered. As a result of analysis it is revealed that there are more than 20 lexemes indicating camels in Kazakh (there are 6 in the novel). The translated text uses only 4 lexemes (calf, camel, dromedary, Bactrian) which are hyperonyms with respect to Kazakh ones. Researched topic permitted to make a conclusion that differentiation of lexical meaning occurs in Kazakh.

The aim of this paper is to to expatiate upon the significance of conversational maxim, frame and schema theories and their applicability to literary works written in the tradition of absurd drama. In this vein, a close collaboration between linguistics and literature studies is established. In the age of interdisciplinarity, this seems not only possible but also vital. The methodological approaches underlying a linguistic analysis of absurd drama will be presented. These comprise Grice’s theory of the Cooperative principle and maxims, frame theory by Pätzold, Minsky and Lakoff and schema theory by Short and Cook. The paper shows a possible application of the given linguistic concepts to selectedexcerpts from AlanAyckbourn’s play My Wonderful Day and signposts formation of linguistic elements symptomatic of the modern Theatre of the Absurd.

The article is devoted to the analysis of conflictogenous elements of Constitutions preambles of the countries of the world by a method of the quantitative content - analysis. In the article the lexemes forming the text of program character are examined. There are marked value sated and value emasculated Constitutions. The majority of constitutions informs on the struggle conducted by people, without a concrete definition of against whom it is conducted, that legislatively would mark the enemy and essentially would strengthen confrontational intentions in corresponding society. The significant part of constitutions in which the enemy is nominated is revealed. Also it is shown, that texts of constitutions preambles of the countries of East and Central Asia are sated with conflictogenous lexemes essentially more, than constitutions of European countries, i. e. in comparison of constitutions on the countries with evidence it is found out their regional clusterization. More often the conflict is projected on the historical past. Through corresponding historical narrative senses of struggle of former generations for the state sovereignty are broadcast, as a rule. Only small part of constitutions speaks about the conflict in application by present time, and the some even to the future. Two basic points represented and fixed verbally in preambles of constitutions of the form of the conflict are war and revolution. It is revealed, that preambles of constitutions are not free from emotivity, figurativeness, metaphors. The certain correlation between ideology of the constitutions and it conflictogenity is traced.

The article regards the phenomenon of political communication from the perspective of the particularities of constructing masculinity and femininity by politicians. According to the theory of the social construction of gender an individual’s gender identity is shaped in the process of constructing gender relations in communicative interaction. The academic novelty of the article consists in applying the theses of this theory to the sphere of political communication and analyzing some devices of creating the images of masculinity and femininity by famous English and American politicians in their discourse. As structural components of gender identity, masculinity and femininity turn out to be modifiable parameters depending on the pragmatic attitudes of communicators. Traditional androcentrism of political discourse may account for modifying the female speech style towards masculinity to achieve certain communicative aims.

This article deals with contrastive-comparative analysis of paroemiological units of English, Welsh, Gaelic and Scottish languages. Phenomena “Maternity” is being introduced through qualitative and quantitative specialties of its representation. Its logical-and-semantic structure is being encoded in the following way: the cognominal semantic group is set apart from the composed corpus of proverbs and logema and sub-logema are singled out within it. Ethnical features of framing the image of mother are also being distinguished in the line of lingvoculture as one of the ways of representing “female” in the linguistic world-image.

This article examines some factors influencing the choice of language means in francophone weblogs of France, Canada and French Maghreb. It gives examples of linguistic features determined by national identity, gender and age, also by characteristics of Internet communication.

The article deals with the topic of importance to identify correctly the point of view on the object under the study on the basis of liturgical sermons. The author’s tried to show the impossibility of obtaining reliable conclusions of theological texts while studying them from the standpoint of commonly understood language. The juxtaposition of secular and theological semiotic systems affects semantic features of liturgical sermon as an integral part of the religious space. Christianity is symbolic by nature. The task of a preacher is to explain the meaning of divinely inspired books to the audience, and it makes an important feature of liturgical sermon, which is constructed through the algorithm “from objective meaning to symbolic value”.

The article is devoted to the semantic field theory and typology of scientific studies in this area. This article also deals with the general characteristics of the semantic field. The semantic field method is effectively used to study the language of literary works. As an example, the lexeme “citizenship” is given, which is rather frequent in the works of E.A. Yevtushenko, a poet of the sixties of the XX century.

The article deals with the semantic group of the verbs of sound in Arabic language: sets their common onomatopoeic origin, analyzes the phonemic composition, indicates their similar morphology (forms of words and verbal patterns).

On the basis of Margaret Thatcher’s political texts, the article provides a typological classification of most frequently used repetitions in the political discourse of women-politicians.