Vol 15, No 2 (2016)

The article deals with the history of the conceptualization of "cultural" or "kulturnichesky" populism.In the literature it is the name of the right wing reformist populism. In the 80-90s of the nineteenth century the intelligentsia. The author focuses on the periodization of the history of "cultural" populism. Previously, researchers paid little attention to this issue. The ideology and practice of the later ideas of populists I.I. Kablitz, Y.V. Abramov, S.N. Krivenko had a great impact on the advanced Russian populists embodied the process of liberalization of populism, its reconciliation with the autocracy and emerging capitalism. The periodization proposed by the author includes four stages: the origin of “kulturnichesky” ideas (1869-1874), the development of the theory and practice of "kulturnichestvo" (1875-1884), the evolution of "cultural" populism (1885-1894) and finally, the ideological and organizational crisis of the cultural-populist trend (1895-1904). At the heart of the author's periodization is the idea of the progressive development of populist ideas: from “kulturnichesky” trend towards the theory of "small deeds " and then, under the influence of the general crisis of populism in the early 1890s, towards the development of the concept of broad "cultural work" (with social and political implications, which the theory of "small deeds" lacked). This approach seeks to emphasize the role of the cultural ideas in the evolution of populism in the 1880-1890s, in the turning of yesterday's rebels and revolutionary propagandists into a constructive social force. According to the author, its application to the history of the Russian populism may change the image of the populist in the modern scientific and educational literature.

The article deals with the problem of involving the Polish and Belorussian population in the integration processes on the territory of the Western Belarus in 1939-1941. The aim of the study is to identify the basic behavioral aspects inherent in the main ethnic communities of the region, as well as to create the retrospective reconstruction of the scheme of the relationship pattern between the new government and the local population, given its national, cultural and social characteristics. The research technique is based on the comparison of the memoirs and evidence from the archival materials that reflect the mood of the society, the key setting of the policy, as well as certain documents of the state and party administration, security bodies, analysis of the development of ethnic conflicts in the historical turning point. Due to the limited distribution of works of foreign researchers among the Russian audience a special emphasisis put on identifying the common ground in comparing the domestic (Soviet, Russian and Belorussian) and Polish historiography. The study determines the different nature of the contradictions between the Belorussian and Polish communities, demonstrates the methods of removing interethnic tension, identifies a number of ideologically and economically motivated actions committed by the Soviet administration aimed at the local population, that affected their attitude towards the new way of life, confirmed the successful experience of integration into the system of relations, adopted in the USSR. The results may be applicable in the analysis of ethnic conflicts in a historical perspective, as well as in the demonstration of the successful integration experience in the region during the changes of borders and political systems.

The article deals with one of the aspects of the history of the Russian-Turkish relations in the period under consideration. The evidence suggests there was a high level of tension in the Russian-Turkish relations throughout its development. They often escalated into open military conflicts. The Russian penetration into Turkestan in the second half of the 19th century angered the Ottoman Empire’s ruling circles and forced them to send their agents to the Caspian region. Russia’s annexation of Central Asia by the 1860-1870s strengthened Turkey’s anti-Russian policy. As a result, the number of Turkish agents increased in Russian Turkestan. The Ottoman Empire’s intelligence service actively used the “holy places” of Islam in Turkestan as the centres of the largest concentration of Muslims of the region with the view of anti-Russian propaganda. Virtually all anti-Russian uprisings in the region began at the graves of Islamic "righteous." Despite serious countermeasures the tsarist authorities did not manage to eradicate the Turkish agents from the state and political life of the region and completely destroy all its subversive activities.

On the example of the outstanding music publisher the article analyzes the brief history of the formation and activities of the music firm, which received an official status as a music publisher in 1861. It is fundamentally important to study the biographies of prominent personalities who have played a prominent role in the history of Russia. Among them is Pyotr Jurgenson, the Moscow music publisher who left an indelible mark both in Russia and far beyond its borders.The study of the world-famous personality of this music publisher is necessary for many reasons. The research allowed to substantiate the need for the development of serious musical education not only in Moscow and St.-Petersburg, but also in many regions of the Russian Empire that had a beneficial impact on the revitalization and quality of musical education of the masses and, above all, talented young people. The article shows that it is pressing to preserve P.I. Jurgenson’s rich musical heritage.The author emphasizes P.I. Jurgenson’s great role in the establishment and functioning of the musical-historical journal that played a great positive role in the history of the Russian music.