No 3 (2015)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of state modernization as a result of revolutions exemplified by the Russian revolution. There are considered researchers’ approaches to the problem of modernization of states after revolutions, analyzed the problem zones of the concept, in particular with respect to the Russian revolution. The author questions the historiography view that the reasons and consequences of revolutions are caused by problems of modernization in a state (which is incapable to solve these problems by reforms). These statements were fully applied to the Russian revolution. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian revolution of 1917 was the first one the tasks of which purposefully included modernization of the state. From the author’s point of view, revolution certainly becomes the structural reason of further modernization of the state in which modernization processes (urbanization, industrialization and democratization) are structurally interconnected and interdependent, but are within a long time interval. According to the author, the only thing where the thesis of modernization during revolution can't be challenged is the change of the social structure of society.

The article analyses the main outcomes and consequences of the Nazi occupation of the Soviet territory in its ethnic aspect: the extent of pro-German sentiments; the surge of ethnic conflicts and anti-Soviet insurgency; the issues of collaborationism and ‘non-return’ of Soviet citizens. The author shows that at the final stage of the Nazi occupation there became obvious the failure of the German policy and propaganda on the occupied Soviet territory, which was based on the principles of chauvinism and incitement of ethnic hatred.

The article related to the study of the scientific problem "dialogue of cultures and civilizations" analyses the process of integration of foreigners in different culture and their adaptation to a different cultural area. The object of the research is the activity of count Choiseul-Gouffier (Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste Choiseul-Gouffier, 1752-1817) as a typical representative of the French monarchist elite, who found temporary refuge in Russia after the French Revolution. The article explains the reasons which caused the choice of Russia as the place of immigration, as well as the degree of adaptation to the Russian reality. The research is based on the information from the memoirs of the count’s contemporaries. The French publication of documentation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was used as an additional source. For 10 years in the Russian Empire the count, being a connoisseur of art and history, highly erudite man, brought his knowledge and organizational skills into the development of the library service of Russia and art education at the Academy of Fine Arts. However, he did not perceive Russia as a second homeland, and in 1802 he returned to France, where his personality was much more highly appreciated.

The article considers the condition of labor discipline at the enterprises located in the Vladimir region during the Great Patriotic War. The analysis has shown its comparative historiography scarcity and the need to fill the scientific gaps. The tightening of the labor legislation before the war requires careful study of its use in different regions of the Russian Federation. There are analyzed the dynamics of labor discipline changes, the reasons for deterioration of its state in the war years. The author pays attention to the methods for improvement of labor discipline and measures applied to violators. The primary role in the prevention and elimination of violations of labor discipline was played by leadership businesses. The state of labor discipline often depended on the current domestic and housing conditions in which the workers lived there. Most often violators of labor discipline were mobilized young workers. Violations of labor discipline on the part of older workers were rare.

The article touches upon the analysis of the prospects of the “shale revolution” at the world gas market and the assessment of influence that could be exerted on the development of the Russian-Chinese energy dialogue by the growing production of this type of fuel. The author examines the advantages and disadvantages of shale gas in comparison with traditional natural gas, considering the practicability of exploring such energy resource for Russia and China. Shale gas may in the future provide significant reserves of natural gas. This will lead to a significant change in the elasticity of demand in all regional markets, including the Asian one. However, the supply of shale gas from the US to Eurasia expected in a few years will not endanger the supply of pipeline gas from Russia to China. Russian gas is more competitive than the American one due to the fact that the costs of production and transportation of natural gas from Russia is much lower than the costs for shale gas from the US. The most important difference is that natural gas unlike shale is environmentally friendly. The potential "shale revolution" will not make serious adjustments in the Russian-Chinese energy dialogue. This is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is important for China to develop its economy based on environmentally friendly fuel. Secondly, from the point of view of geography and convenience of transit of energy resources Russia is an ideal partner for China. Moreover, Moscow has repeatedly proven to be reliable in carrying out commitments on oil and gas contracts.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of publishing activity of P.I. Jurgenson in the second half of the XIXth - early XXth centuries, who was the outstanding representative of the Russian musical culture. He created a musical publishing house, which became the major musical, creative and scientific center which brought together composers, famous singers, writers, artists and other representatives of the Russian pre-revolutionary elite. The article highlights the fact that for years in his publishing house P.I. Jurgenson published nearly 140 works by famous authors, including Tchaikovsky, Arensky, Balakirev, Glinka, Rachmaninoff, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Rimsky-Korsakov and others. The author emphasizes the fact that the musical works published by P.I. Jurgenson are in great demand among contemporary musicians and music community of modern Russia.

В данном научном сообщении исследуется причина возникновения недовольства со стороны горцев-ингушей по отношению к царской власти в период Февральской революции 1917 г. и гражданской войны в России. В работе автор опирается на научные труды различных авторов, где обращается внимание на проблему малоземелья ингушей и вызванную этой проблемой нестабильность на территории Ингушетии в начале XX в.