The article is devoted to a problem of correlation between sounds, phonemes and letters in the alphabet and written text. The authors consider a questionable issue of letter meaning classification as a «phoneme - letter» system, so the alphabet is defined as a set of letters (graphemes) expressing phoneme meaning. It is this strong two-way connection between a phoneme and a grapheme that written kinds of speech actions are based on. However, considering sound structure of the text in the given aspect, without taking into account various ways of representing the meaning of the alphabet graphic symbols depending on the context, is impossible. The correlation between sounds, phonemes and letters itself can be considered ambiguously, because of different opinions on Russian vowel and consonant system presented by scientists.

a sound, a phoneme, a letter, a grapheme, sound, phoneme and letter correlation.