Vol 15, No 3 (2016)

The article discusses the activities of one of the founders of the national healthcare in the field of children’s health in the 1910-1920s - Zinoviy Petrovich Solovyov. The beginning of his work in the field of child health care has been initiated in the 1900s by the analysis of the summer day nursery shelters organization for peasant children. After the October revolution Z.P. Soloviev, being a staunch Bolshevik, begins to work in the field of the health care system construction of the country. Such principles as public good nature of health care, participation of population in health care, unity of medical science and health care practice were introduced in the Soviet public health care by his direct participation. When getting real mechanisms for people health improving in the country, Soloviev has been working on implementation of the concept of prevention in the nascent Soviet medicine. The last major achievement and the most important thing in his life Z.P. Soloviev considered the most famous organization of health camp of the Soviet Union, “Artek”. Thus, Z.P. Soloviev, being a country doctor and a public health statistician in pre-revolutionary time, worked on the problem of child health as a Deputy in the people's Commissariat of Soviet Russia throughout of his professional career. Currently, in a period of rethinking of the historical process of the health care system creation in the Russian Federation, the analysis of its founders activities, in particular, Z.P. Soloviev is relevant. The consistent work in the field of chidhood diseases prevention and child health care improoving in general are shown on the materials of Zinoviy Petrovich Soloviev publications аnd archival data.

The article analyzes the political realities prevailing in the post-Soviet Central Asian countries and in the regional international relations over the past two decades. The situation in the Central Asian region can greatly affect the geopolitical balance of powerin Eurasia andsecurity spherein the considered unstable region. Particular attention is paid to the conflict potential of Central Asia, security issues, foreign policy resources of such countries as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, as well as the influence of the external factors on the political and socio-economic processes in the region. In the context of the integration processes within the CIS the author considers the Russian policy in Central Asia, defines its goals and objectives, examines the mechanisms and features of its implementation, that has not only theoretical but also practical significance. The region is a part of Russia’straditional sphere of national interests. In the acute competition with major international actors it retains its influence here.

Orthodoxy became one of the main means of integration of the ethnic groups of the Sakha region in all-Russia's socio-economic structure in the process of inter-civilizational interaction. The article is aimed at identifying the main activities of the Russian Orthodox Church as a civilization integrators of the public policy in the territory of Yakutia in the 18th - early 20th centuries, namely the definition of the stages of the missionary activity; the integration activities of the parish clergy; the practice of applying spiritual justice; characteristics of the educational ministry of the clergy, as a means of familiarization of the people of Yakutia to the Russian civilization. It was found out that the peculiaritiesof living in the far North led to the fact that the systematic relationship between the population and the civil authorities were onlyin regional and district centres. For most of the rural population, leading the nomadic or semi-nomadic way of life, a parish priest played a great role. Thus, on the basis of Orthodoxy there was founded a universal basis for inter-civilization interaction, when ethnic origin wasenrichedby the Orthodox, the Russian, and the world civilizations.

This article studies the external activities of the Roman Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church at the sites of international organizations for the protection of traditional values. The authors analyze the foreign policy of the Churches in the context of their impact on the improvement of the spiritual and political climate of the continent and the role of Russia as one of the centres of power. The article explores the notable "case of Lautsi against Italy",and proves that the positive outcome of this trial in the European Court of human rightswas achieved thanks to the interference of Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church.At the same time, the inability to overcome the secularattack of eurobureaucracy only through efforts of the Roman Catholic Church indicates a significant change in the balance of political forces in Europe.The views of Italian politicians, academics and representatives of the clergy, cited in the study, unequivocally accentuate the crucial role of Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church behind the winningin this high-profile trial.This fact reflects the increasing international political influence of Russia and the Russian Orthodox Church.In conclusion, the authors emphasize the importance of the work of the Christian Churches, focused on the preservation of the European continent as a cultural and civilizational community.

В научном сообщении рассматривается Транссибирская магистраль как символ культурных отношений между Россией и Францией на примере «литературных» экспедиций в период с 1893 по 1913 г. по «стальному поясу» России. Проведенный анализ позволил установить, в чем был и остается интерес к этому мегапроекту века в творчестве таких французских писателей и поэтов, как Жюль Верн, Блэз Сандрар, Валери Ларбо, Андре Сальмон, Эмиль Вархарн.

The article considers the ways modern Russian researchers resolve the problem of the legal status of the Russian emigrantsin China in the 1920-1940s. The main attention is paid to the scientific literature, which reflects the problem of citizenship of the Russian emigrants in China. The analysisrevealed thelevelof the knowledge base ofthe subject andspecificity of the research approaches.The modern experts in the history of the Russian emigration examine the problem of citizenship of the emigrants in the context of studying foreign relations, migration processes, diasporas and using methods of the social history.