Vol 19, No 3 (2022)

Language in System

Names of Traditional Ware and Utensils in the Yakut and Khakass Languages: Literary-Normative and Dialectal Parallels

Nikolaev E.R.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to identify lexical-semantic parallels in the names of traditional utensils in the Yakut and Khakass languages on the basis of lexicographic material. The main objectives of the research are: to identify Khakass and Yakut names of traditional tableware and utensils; to determine the semantic features of similar lexemes; to establish literary-normative and dialectal meanings. Bilingual, explanatory, and dialectological dictionaries of the Khakass and Yakut languages were used as the research material. The methods of this study are: generalization, systematization, comparative and comparative analysis. The lexical parallels in the group of names of dairy (koumiss) utensils and utensils are revealed. The principles of motivation of the names with the bases bysh- , pys- , bul- , pool- have been established: the process of preparation of a dairy dish (product) - stirring, mixing, churning; functional characteristics - moving (Yakut verb tas- , Khakass verb tazy- ‘tug, move’). By the example of the Khakassian names ( khamys , tazor , algai ) the dialectal zone of the Yakut lexemes is determined - it is the Akakaya dialectal zone of the Yakut language. The expansion of semantics in the Yakut names kүөrčekh ( kүөččekh ) ‘mutovka’ = kүөččekh ‘whipped cream’ is revealed, sүүmächtää ‘to strain sour milk to separate the guts’ = sүүmäch ‘cream in curdled milk, curd’. The most YakutHakassian parallels are in the normative-literary layer of the lexicon. There are dialectal words from the dialects of the Khakass language (Sagai and Kachin). The dialectal units of the Yakut language represent the central, Vilyui and northeastern zones of accents.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):374-387
pages 374-387 views

Somatic Terms of the Buryat Language as Loci

Semenova V.I.

Abstract

The article deals with the development of locus meanings in the somatic terms of the Buryat language. Anatomical terminology refers to the basic, most ancient part of the vocabulary in all languages. Despite this, the names of body parts have not received an exhaustive semantic description. It is noted that in general Buryat lexicology and lexicography are less studied than the grammatical structure. This necessitates a comprehensive linguistic study of this lexical group of words. Based on the analysis of field materials collected in 2014-2019 in Ust-Ordynskiy Buryat District of the Irkutsk region, and information from published works, it is concluded that as a result of the development of polysemy, the names of body parts acquire the meaning of certain parts of the territory, which allows them to move into proper names. The considered examples show that this process is based on a metaphor. A comparison lying within a metaphor reveals the similarity between two objects, thereby indicating some important feature of the second. Metaphor generates or implies a certain view of the subject, and does not express it openly. Thus, the metaphor generates additional, secondary meanings of somatic terms. Sometimes completely unexpected “associative” meanings are ethnically determined. The transfer of the meaning of words based on associations also contributes to the formation of locus meanings in somatic vocabulary.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):388-397
pages 388-397 views

Cultural Code Units and Their Role in Formation of the National Cultural Space of the Indigenous Peoples of Russia: Based on Cosmonyms

Yakovleva S.V.

Abstract

In modern linguistic science the study of nominative units is not limited to their consideration within the lexicological direction. Nowadays the research of secondary language nominations is becoming increasingly relevant as mental operations through which cognition, structuring and evaluation of knowledge about the world is carried out. Since cosmonyms can be correlated with similar units, then accordingly they have not only a certain cultural, value-semantic content and have a special type of connotative meaning, which is commonly called mythological, but they are also fully correlated with the units of cultural codes. In the paper, based on the consideration and comparison of numerous cosmonyms, as well as myths, legends and tales related to cosmonyms’ origin, which are recorded in the cultural traditions of the indigenous peoples of Russia. On the one hand an attempt was made to identify their national and cultural specifics and on the other to correlate these cosmonyms with the basic cultural codes, as well as to trace their connection with the deep layers of cultural space, which are correlated with the oldest human ideas about the world.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):398-412
pages 398-412 views

Grammatical Constructions of Time and Date Nominations in the Russian and Chinese Languages

Buyinqimike -., Ilina O.A., Naumenko Y.M.

Abstract

The work is the comparative study of lexical and grammatical means of expressing the idea of time in the Russian and Chinese languages. The main research method is the reverse reconstruction method, in which the studied grammatical model of the Russian language is first translated into Chinese, then the Chinese language model is sequentially reconstructed word for word in Russian while preserving the grammatical features of the Chinese language. The result of the work is an opportunity for the researcher (including the teacher of the Russian language who works in the Chinese audience and does not speak the students’ native language) to understand how the Russian lexical and grammatical model is seen by the native speakers of the Chinese language. With the help of this method the prepositionalcase constructions with the meaning of time (89 units) were investigated, the similarities and differences in the grammatical structure of these models were established. The textbooks and the teaching aids on Russian as a foreign language became the source of definition of these models. All studied lexical and grammatical models are combined into a parallel catalog created by reverse reconstruction and showing the zones of grammatical discrepancies when expressing the idea of time in two languages.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):413-422
pages 413-422 views

Axiological Concepts “Life” and “Death” in the Chinese Language Picture of the World

Lu S., Polyakova E.V.

Abstract

The authors of the article consider the conceptual dyad “Life-Death” from the position of a representative of the Chinese linguistic culture, seeking to enter a new cultural space for themselves - the so-called “Russian world”. The hypothesis of the study is that the carrier of a foreign cultural linguistic consciousness has an already formed cognitive base, which becomes a contrasting background for the perception of a new linguistic reality. Within the framework of the article, the authors analyzed the cultural context, which makes it possible to explicate the semantics of these concepts in the Chinese language picture of the world, and also conducted an experiment with a reference group, which made it possible to objectify their actual meanings. The essence of the experiment was the work of a receptive group with precedent texts that contain in their semantic field the conceptual core “Life” / “Death” or “Life-Death”. Precedent texts are obligatory formants of the cognitive base of an ethnos. We sought to obtain the most recurrent responses to these stimuli in order to differentiate the conceptual features of the dyad. The result of the experiment was a selection of precedent texts, commented on by the receptive group. Summarizing the empirical data, we came to the conclusion that for the bearer of the Chinese linguistic consciousness, the concepts “Life” and “Death” represent an ontological unity with the corresponding set of characteristics: Tao, the great middle path, destiny, happiness. In addition, linguo-ethnic standards were identified: “noble husband” and “perfect sage”.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):423-438
pages 423-438 views

Language Processes

Languages of Minority Ethnic Groups of Southern Siberia: Status-Discursive Representation in the Socio-Cultural Context

Borgoiakova T.G., Guseinova A.V., Pokoiakova K.A.

Abstract

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the status-discursive representation of the indigenous languages on the example of the Republics of Southern Siberia with the involvement of empirical sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic material. The presence of zones of social consensus in the conditions of the trilingual communicative space of the republics, which is organized according to a single model “two state languages (Russian and titular) + language/languages of the respective indigenous ethnic groups”, is revealed. They are due to the common legal support of indigenous nations and their languages in the international and Russian official discourse, as well as the positive perception of minority ethnic groups in associative portrayal by speakers of the respective republican state languages. The prospects for minimizing the exclusion zones of contacting peoples refer to the inclusion of measures of more active support of the indigenous idioms in the relevant legal acts of the republican level. Certain zones of problematizing of socio-cultural mutual understanding in the Altai Republic are associated with a higher level of adherence of the Chelkans to their native idiom compared to loyalty to the second state language of their republic (Altai), which may be due to the actualization of their need for a correlation of ethnic and linguistic status, which is absent among Shors and Tuvan Todzhans.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):439-452
pages 439-452 views

Interlinguistic Interaction in the study of Russian as a Foreign Language in the Conditions of the Belarusian-Russian Linguistic and Cultural Environment

Grinberg S.A.

Abstract

This study is devoted to an urgent problem of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Republic of Belarus - the problem of interlinguistic interaction in the conditions of Belarusian-Russian bilingualism. Closely related bilingualism gives a rich picture of the world, promotes the development of multicultural consciousness and increases the potential capabilities of the individual, since two national cultures - Russian and Belarusian are broadcasted at once through one language (Russian). Mastering the norms of intercultural communication is carried out in various fields: educational, social, cultural, scientific, professional. A teacher of Russian as a foreign language has a special task - to ensure a harmonious combination of the culture of the language being studied (Russian), the culture of the residence country (Belarus) and the national culture of the student studying. The result of interlinguistic interaction is the formation in his mind the so-called “mixed” interlingual zone, including the elements of different language systems, which are not identified by the speaker as belonging to separate languages, hence can enter different linguistic contexts. In the course of the analysis, we came to the conclusion that the main functions of communication are currently assigned to the Russian language, while the Belarusian language acts as a translator of the national ideology and cultural symbolism.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):453-461
pages 453-461 views

LITERARY SPACE

Vitebsk as a local text

Muratova E.Y.

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the image of Vitebsk in the works of Russian-speaking poets of Belarus. The research material is poetic texts of Russian-speaking poets of Belarus, which touch upon the spiritual, natural, material, cultural, historical realities of Vitebsk. The main general scientific methods of observation, description, analysis and interpretation were used in the work. It is proved that the study of the concept of “city” is based, first of all, on the relationship of a particular person and social realities: the city as an extension of a person to the outside world - social, collective, cultural, the city as a “condensed” information and semantic space. Vitebsk is one of the oldest cities in Belarus. According to legend, the city was founded by the Kiev Princess Olga in 974. Dvina is often mentioned in poems. Vitebsk appeared at the confluence of two rivers - the Western Dvina and the Vitba, from which the name of the city came. The ancient name of the Dvina is Eridan, Homer, Hesiod, Nestor the chronicler wrote about it. In the poems of Belarusian poets, she appears in the image of a nurse, a protector, a wise and mysterious woman. The article says that Vitebsk is rightly called the cultural capital of Belarus. The works of Vitebsk poets reveal precedent names that are significant for the history and culture of Belarus, as well as for the world cultural space. Marc Chagall, Vasily Kandinsky, Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, El Lisitsky, Kazimir Malevich worked in Vitebsk. Not far from Vitebsk, the Russian painter Ilya Repin lived in the Zdravnevo estate. I.I. Sollertinsky created his musical masterpieces, M.M. Bakhtin lived and worked in Vitebsk in the thirties. Thus, in Russian-speaking Belarusian poetry, the image of Vitebsk appears as an ancient city, a native home, a spiritual place, a city of creativity, art and inspiration. The study of a local text is a topical interdisciplinary problem that allows not only to outline the conceptually significant features of the semantic complex of a particular locus, but also to establish its etiological and teleological significance for an ethnic group. After analyzing the corpus of texts of Belarusian poets, we came to the conclusion that the image of Vitebsk is attributed to such semantic characteristics as “nurse city”, “protector”, “wise woman”. The paradox lies in the fact that a city with a masculine toponym absorbs alternative gender parameters, which expands the previously explored virgin cities and harlot cities by introducing the features of a beloved city.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):462-470
pages 462-470 views

Images of Shamans and a Werewolf Girl in the Khakass’ Heroic Epic

Mainagasheva N.V.

Abstract

We have considered the images of shamans and a werewolf girl in the Khakass’ heroic epic. The appearance of the images of shamans and female shamans is due to the influence of shamanism, which has been developed among all the peoples in Siberia. There is no complete description of these images in the Khakass’ heroic epic, they are pictured schematically. Shamanic elements, actions, peculiar to shamans, are manifested in the descriptions of some magic objects used by this or that character. The werewolf girl’s image attracts attention: it has a special functional role - she turns out to be the donator of a soul to a child, the defender of a churt (home, homeland), the patroness of a brother and a sister. In her image, the influence of mythological ideas associated with totemism is discernible. The werewolf girl’s image is a personification of the image of a swallow, which has the idea of patronage and helping people. A swallow is a popular character in legends of not only the Khakass people, but also other Siberian peoples. The image of a cuckoo, which is a symbol of a heroine’s soul, became widespread in the Khakass epic as well. In the studied heroic tales, the mythological basis is seen in the presence of motifs of the first creation, childlessness, miraculous conception and miraculous birth, which receive a full-fledged artistic development in the epic. The mythological origins lie in the metamorphism of the characters, which can be explained by the ancient culture-bearers’ totemic notions.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):471-480
pages 471-480 views

The Representation of Racial and Ethnic Conflict in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s “Americanah”

Shevchenko A.R.

Abstract

The relevance of the research undertaken is connected with the current tendency of multiculturalism in fiction, which has been developing and transforming with the appearance of new writers, to be non-static. Many contemporary authors have already become impossible to be correlated with a specific national literature since they have had the experience of living in more than one country and have been the bearers of several cultural codes due to their encounter with diverse mentalities as well as the formation of their own identity in the situation of cultural interaction. Ipso facto, it is possible to dwell on a new turn in the development of multicultural fiction to date. Suchlike state of affairs provides an opportunity to claim the necessity of scholarly comprehension of the works by the new multicultural authors’ generation. One of them is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (1977), an African American female writer, whose creativity can be characterized as a sui generis phenomenon formed by the ‘fusion’ of African, British and American literary traditions. Her novel Americanah (2013) serves as the material for the study, the purpose of which is to consider the most significant peculiarities in the representation of racial and ethnic conflict in the text of contemporary multicultural fiction. Basing on the complex of historical and literary and social and cultural methods, the paper analyses the specifics of artistic embodiment of racial and ethnic and, consequently, cultural clash that influences on the main heroine’s self-identification process. The fact that the image of the central female character, a Nigerian immigrant to the US, is autobiographical substantiates the relevancy of biographical research method having been involved. The results obtained allow concluding that the only way out for the character, whose position mirrors the one of the writer herself, is hybridization, which allows including the experience of existence in American reality as well as self-realization as a part and parcel of the heroine’s native history, nation, tradition and culture.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):481-490
pages 481-490 views

The Intersection of Linguistic Worlds in Women’s Prose

Protassova E.Y.

Abstract

The process of using foreign-language insertions in the Russian text is examined using books written by five female authors (A. Marinina, L. Romanovskaya, E. Rozhdestvenskaya, G. Shcherbakova, and T. Ustinova). Some aspects of women’s prose are discussed, as well as the appropriateness of including into it other-language words and expressions. This phenomenon can be interpreted as a replication of the translingual nature of modern texts, a case of code switching, an artistic method, an attempt to transcend the monolingual world, or a demonstration of the historicism of the narrative. It turns out that the most commonly used languages are German, English, and French, and many of the borrowed words are already rooted in the Russian language and might be considered part of its vocabulary, particularly in the case of the German language. This is exemplified by the Cyrillic spelling of inclusions and the limited repertoire of the foreign speech means employed. This material is valuable in that everyday writing prose, focused on the intimate problems of the “inner” (family) circle, allows us to conclude in what situations and for what purpose the writers resort to this technique. The material was collected by continuous sampling. Each writer uses elements of linguistic inclusions from the repertoire of languages available to her. We come to the conclusion that they are Russian-speaking, but not in the strict sense translingual: the use of the Latin or Cyrillic alphabet emphasizes the degree of “domestication” of the concept expressed by a foreign word. Characters are often characterized by the languages they borrow from. The repertoire of inclusions is small, it seems that it is Ukrainian words that look the most interesting and original, while borrowings from other idioms largely belong to the general fund, with which everyone who lived in the USSR and Russia is familiar to one degree or another.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):491-500
pages 491-500 views

The Theme of Female Loneliness in the Writings of Lyudmila Petrushevskaya and Can Xue

Fang T., Zhuchkova A.V.

Abstract

The issue of female loneliness is observed in many works by Russian and Chinese women writers of the XX-XXI centuries. Attention to this problem reflects the deep concern of women authors for the fate of women. Lyudmila Petrushevskaya and Can Xue are representatives of Russian and Chinese women’s literature of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Despite the fact that the writings of Petrushevskaya and Can Xue belong to different cultural traditions and were created within the different artistic and aesthetic frameworks, attention to the fate of women, the dark sides of life and an attempt to rethink modern life values bring them together. This paper compares and contrasts the writings of Petrushevskaya and Can Xue on the subject of loneliness. The essence and causes of loneliness are revealed. Based on a thorough analysis of their works, it is concluded that each of them approaches this issue from different seemingly opposing perspectives. Petrushevskaya pays attention to the daily life, in her works she depicts the individual loneliness of women through the image of a terrible but entirely real life. While Can Xue is interested in existential being of all mankind, she reveals the inner emptiness of human existence through various metaphors and illusions.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):501-510
pages 501-510 views

Armenian Text: Job’s Children

Shafranskaya E.F.

Abstract

The article considers one of the patterns of the Armenian text in Russian literature - the relationship of the historical destinies of the Armenian and Jewish peoples. The purpose of the study is to present, using the example of travelogues of writers of the second half of the twentieth century: Andrei Bitov, Vasily Grossman, Yuri Karabchievsky, Georgy Gachev, how this pattern of the Armenian text was formed - the pairing of the tragic fate of Jews and Armenians. The intention of the mentality of the Armenians, based on their ancient history, coincides with the Jewish intention, which is shown in the article using typological examples from the prose of Dina Rubina. The Armenian text, according to the author of the article, is a literary construct invented precisely by the writer’s creativity, first by prose, then by poetry responding to it. Thus, examples of the Armenian text, which is in interaction with the specified prose, are given from the lyrics of contemporary poets - Liana Shahverdyan, Alessio Gaspari. The Armenian text is a construct retransmitted in Russian literature. It was created by writers who reproduce certain stable patterns in their work. On the material of this study, we focused on one of them - the ontological relationship of Armenians and Jews. Its central motif is the metaphor of the historical memory of the bloody 20th century - a metaphor-reproach for the fratricidal wars of mankind.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):511-520
pages 511-520 views

The Philosophical Lyrics of Eduard Mizhit

Mizhit L.S.

Abstract

The novelty of the approach of the famous Tuvan poet Eduard Mizhit to cognition and research of the world and the human soul, based on the dialogue of literary-philosophical, religious-mythological thought, is considered. For the first time in literary studies of Tuva, an attempt is made to comprehend philosophical lyrics using modern methods of hermeneutic analysis. The task is to interpret Mizhit’s philosophical reflections on the meaning of life, truth, free will and predestination. The present study analyzes the book of poems in prose by E. Mizhit “Kazyrgylyg kuduktung kyigyzy” (“The Call of the Whirling Well”, 2002), the collection of poems and poems “Bödüün oduruglar” (“Simple Lines”, 2006), the collection of free verse “The Broken Moment” ( 2011). Based on the material of the author’s poetic texts, we came to the conclusion that the poetics of E. Mizhit are distinguished by such features as dialectic, intertextuality, appeal to national roots. The key motif of the poetic universe of E. Mizhit is the search for truth, this search is transrational, and therefore the structure of the literary text becomes multi-layered, requiring significant epistemological efforts from the reader. The main questions posed in the analyzed works of Mizhit are mainly of an ontological nature, they are connected with the desire to comprehend the meaning of life. This trend is innovative for modern Tuvan poetry, which has not yet completely departed from the socialist realist paradigm.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):521-532
pages 521-532 views

The Role of the Intermediary Language in Artistic Translation

Akkalieva A.F., Amalbekova M.B.

Abstract

Indirect translation, as a linguistic and literary phenomenon, is of great interest in terms of linguistic, structural and linguocultural aspects of the languages involved in the translation process. Mediating or indirect translation, despite of being negatively treated both by some scholars and practical translators, remains relevant for the representation of many national literatures, including the Kazakh one. This paper is aimed at conducting a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the translation of a literary piece of fiction to assess the degree of influence of the mediating language on the adequacy and pragmatic equivalence of translation. As an empirical material the authors considered Russian and English variants of translation of the novel by well-known Kazakh writer S. Yelubay Aq Boz Yui . The analysis carried out as part of the study allowed us to come to the conclusion that the Russian translation, which is distinguished by a high degree of skill, recreates the national-historical specificity of the work. This is achieved due to the translator’s knowledge of extralinguistic information. The translation into Russian is dominated by categorical-morphological and pragmatic transformations. The English translation is characterized by lexical transformations. It was also possible to identify inconsistencies caused by structural-stylistic and linguo-culturological differences in the triad of languages under consideration.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):533-539
pages 533-539 views

ARSENAL

The State and Prospects of the Study of Russian Phraseology in the Sixth Grade of the Kyrgyz School

Kovaleva A.V.

Abstract

Paper we analyzed the state of affairs and outlines the prospects for the study of Russian phraseology in the sixth grade of the Kyrgyz school. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that knowledge of phraseology by Kyrgyz students helps them to master the literary norms of word use, to make the most accurate choice of the optimal speech means of the language. Based on this, the purpose of this work is to study the content of Russian language programs and textbooks for the sixth grades of the Kyrgyz school, determine the availability and diversity of theoretical and practical material, as well as determine the level of proficiency in Russian phraseology by sixth grade students of the Kyrgyz school. To solve the problems of the study, the theoretical concept of “bilingualism” was analyzed, and the features of this linguistic phenomenon among representatives of the Kyrgyz culture were described. The results of the study made it possible to identify positive aspects that require improvement in the educational (theoretical and practical) material of textbooks on the topic “Phraseology”, as well as to determine the level of proficiency in Russian phraseology by sixth-graders of the Kyrgyz school. The study resulted in recommendations for building a methodological system for teaching Russian phraseology to Kyrgyz schoolchildren in order to improve their phraseological literacy.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):540-552
pages 540-552 views

Actual Problems of Modern Linguodidactics

Vladimirova T.E.

Abstract

The paper is devoted to teaching Russian language to foreign students at the pre-university stage of preparation for study at the main faculties of Russian universities. The ongoing process of general humanization of education at all its stages involves the search for effective technologies and the renewal of the educational paradigm as a whole. The main attention in this work is focused on such controversial issues as the anthropological linguodidactic paradigm, which is based on attention to the personal “project” of self-development of students and synergistic subject-subject interaction between the teacher and foreign students. The undertaken consideration of modern educational discourse, taking into account the ideas of self-development, self-organization and non-linear understanding of cause-and-effect relationships, makes it urgent to develop synergetic anthropology aimed at creating an active educational environment that takes into account the personal characteristics and potential capabilities of all subjects of university educational activities. The undertaken study allows us to conclude that modern linguodidactics, focused on an anthropocentric approach to language, implies the priority of subject-subject relations in pedagogical activity, synergistic interaction of all participants in communication, integration of knowledge, skills and competencies. A value approach to the personality of a student is a condition for his successful entry into the cultural world of the language being comprehended for his subsequent education at a Russian university.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):553-561
pages 553-561 views

Practices of Teaching the Russian Language in the System of Professional Development Courses for Teachers of the Russian Language and Literature in the Republic of Armenia

Balasanyan L.G.

Abstract

This paper discusses some issues of the status of the Russian language for the CIS countries, and offers recommendations for the systematic organization of training in innovative practices. It is proposed, in particular, tuse the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) as a method for assessing the level of language proficiency in the learning process and defining the goals of each lesson. In the course of the study, we found that in the Republic of Armenia, out of 1350 schools, 65 are schools with in-depth study of the Russian language; 45 with Russian as the language of instruction for ethnically non-Russian children; 30 - for densely residing national minorities. Armenia is a monoethnic country. Only Russian is used by 5% of the population. Thus, the method of teaching the Russian language in schools with the Armenian language of instruction has become a kind of indicator for determining the quality of teaching Russian as a foreign language (or ILV) and identifying the problems of mutual influence of languages - invariable processes of transposition and interference. After analyzing the body of textbooks for schools developed in the last decade, we come to the conclusion that modern textbooks cognitively enrich students in various fields of knowledge and familiarize them with examples of high artistry, thereby fulfilling the aesthetic and educational task.

Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices. 2022;19(3):562-568
pages 562-568 views

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