No 1 (2015)

The object of research of the article is five German anarchistic newspapers and journals of the first third of 20 th century. The purpose of this article is to find out specifics of the perception of Mikhail Bakunin’s ideas among the part of German society. The analysis allowed determining general trends, stages of the German anarchistic press and showing the difference of views on Bakunin’s theory depending on period. The author of the article concludes that the interest in Russian anarchist study among German authors was stable during the first third of 20 th century. Before the First World War the name of Bakunin was used for propaganda of active revolutionary movement. After 1918 he was the main critic of centralism and Marxism. German authors appreciated positively theories of Bakunin and try to find in his works answers for contemporary problems; he was for them an ideal revolutionary, who was always ready for struggle, for leading the way and who can inspire the other people.

The article deals with the formation process of modern historiography ofliberal populism in the 1870-1890s and analyzes historian V.I. Kharlamov’scontributionto the study of kulturnichestvo of populist reformers.The author considers the main provisions of the concept of "liberal" populism proposed by Kharlamov, traces its evolution in the context of domestic populism studies in the 1980s - the first half of the 1990s, establishes the influence of his work on the authors of the first monographs in the mid-1990s devoted to the history of the right-wing populism. Particular attention is paid to the development of Kharlamov’s first evidence-based periodization of the history of liberal populism, the conceptual apparatus ("liberal" and "legal" populism, "kulturnichestvo of populism")proposed by him, as well as his analysis of the views of the leading theorists of the right populism headed by I.I. Kablits-Yuzov. The author concludes that Kharlamov’sattempts to study the process of the birth and evolution of the liberal trend of populism, based on the peculiarities of its ideologists’ worldview, had a considerable influence on the formation of the modern approach to the study of the history of the right-wing populism.

The object of the research of the article is to reveal the main lines of everyday life in camps for displaced persons on the example of such camps as Fyussen, Kempten and Shlayskhaym, located in Germany. The author reveals thepeculiarities of the structure of the camps, household, cultural and spiritual life. The article is written on the basis of memoirs of contemporaries of that time, inhabitants of camps DPs I. N. Koren, V. Gashurova, O. Bezradetskaya-Astromova, I. Hrapunov, I. Savostina and others. The author concludes that in the camps for displaced persons there was active life, but not without difficulties. Despite various problems, in DP camps there was cultural life, various sporting and game events; inhabitants of camps spent leisure time by participating in theatrical and scout circles, ballet troupes. An important role in people’sadaptation to difficult conditions of accommodation in camps was played by publishing activities and the Church which helped people to survive financially and spiritually.

In the article the author explores the problems of public transport and traffic congestion in the two largest cities of the world - Moscow and New York, analyzes the proposed solutions in both cities, especially congestion pricing used to restrain traffic in New York, and the activities of Russian non-profit public organization Probok.net. The analysis of transport solutions of the world's largest metropolises - Moscow and New York showed that the authorities of these cities, despite the objective difficulties of transport, made an efficient transport system that fully provides for the needs of citizens within the city boundaries. Thanks to the efforts of the authorities of both Moscow and New-York, many priority types of modern transport systemshave been developed, while they are constantly updated and improved. Common to the Moscow and New York authorities were care of townspeople, the pursuit of diversity and enrichment of transport systems, timely decisions of smooth functioning of all kinds of public transport. Transportation problems could be successfully resolved by the common interest, as it is clearly seen in the comparative analysis of transport solutions in Moscow and New York.

The article is devoted to the general characteristics of journalist practice of Claudia Paskhalov. He was a Russian conservative person who lived in the early 20 th century and whose ideas were presented in an extremely distorted form. The author examines the early articles of K. Paskhalov, reveals his basic views, compares them with the ideas of Russian liberalism, drawsparallels with the general attitudes of Russian conservatism and its historical destiny up to the present time. Also, it is shown that the main Paskhalov’s proposals to overcome Russian socio-political crisis were not the expansion of rights and freedoms on which his ideological opponents insisted, but the increase of the degree of responsibility at all levels of society and public service. In conclusion, the author states that public interest in conservative ideas and approaches in the Russian society and historical science is cyclic.