Methods of teaching inverse and incorrect problems to students in the context of informatization of education

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Problem statement. Today, in higher education institutions in the physical and mathematical fields of training, students need to master a large amount of fundamental scientific knowledge and professional competencies necessary for successful work as researchers. At the same time, unfortunately, there is not enough time for learning such a large amount of scientific knowledge. The use of multimedia and computer technologies in the educational process is one of the ways of existing contradictions in the system of higher education. Currently, in higher education in the physical and mathematical areas of training, students are taught such academic disciplines as “Computer modeling”, “Information technology in mathematics” and other academic disciplines, as well as various elective courses that contain computer technology. Having mastered such academic disciplines, students understand the role of computer technologies in conducting applied scientific research, understand the role of computer modeling methodology and computational experiment in studying the world around them. The teacher's use of multimedia and computer technologies in lectures on inverse and ill-posed problems [1-9] allows implementing a visual demonstration method of teaching [10]. Students can observe the interactive whiteboard demonstration stages of the study of inverse and ill-posed problems given theorems on existence, uniqueness and stability of solution of inverse and ill-posed problems, the numerical solution of such problems. The use of computer technologies allows students to independently implement their research and cognitive activities in laboratory classes, and develop their ICT competence. Specialists understand ICT competence as a complex concept that characterizes the way of human life in the modern information society and includes the purposeful effective use of information and telecommunications technologies in their professional and daily activities. Many specialists use the concept of ICT competence in their work on informatization of education. The works of T.A. Boronenko, N.V. Buzhinskaya, V.F. Burmakina, V.V. Grinshkun, S.S. Kartseva, M.P. Lapchik, O.N. Novikova, L.B. Senkevich, V.S. Fedotova, E.K. Henner, and other authors are devoted to methodological aspects of ICT competence development [11; 12]. Method of research. In the process of learning inverse and ill-posed problems, students get acquainted with modern achievements in the theory and practice of inverse and ill-posed problems, learn the methodology and approaches to their research [1-9]. In addition, students learn conceptual and mathematical information from applied and computational mathematics, mathematical methods for solving various inverse and ill-posed problems [13-15]. During the training sessions, students study model statements of inverse and ill-posed problems, applying the scheme of their research, acquire skills to prove theorems of existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions to inverse and ill-posed problems, and gain experience in applying approximate methods for solving them using computer technologies. Numerical methods in such cases are a mobile and effective method for studying such inverse and ill-posed problems. These numerical methods include the Newton - Kantorovich method, the linearization method, optimization methods, finite difference methods, etc. The research of A.S. Alekseev, Yu.E. Anikonov, V.I. Arnold, P.N. Vabishevich, A.V. Goncharsky, V.I. Dmitriev, S.I. Kabanikhin, M.M. Lavrentiev, Yu.P. Petrov, V.G. Romanov, A.A. Samarsky, V.S. Sizikov, A.M. Cherepashchuk, A.G. Tolstoy, A.G. Yagoda and other scientists made a great contribution to the development of numerical methods for solving inverse and ill-posed problems [2; 7-9]. Computer technologies implement analytical and numerical methods for solving differential equations, integral equations, optimization and probability problems, and other mathematical problems, as well as visualization of their solutions. Using such computer technologies, students become aware of their role in mobile research of inverse and incorrect problems, and acquire the skills to correctly select certain computer technologies for the study of a specific inverse or ill-posed problem. Much attention is paid to the development of computational algorithms for finding approximate solutions to inverse and ill-posed problems. This circumstance explains the non-linearity of mathematical models of inverse and ill-posed problems. Results and discussions. When teaching inverse and ill-posed problems in practical classes, students, using methods of computational mathematics, master such important mathematical concepts as finite differences, difference scheme, difference analog of a mathematical problem, grid function, interpolation of grid functions, convergence of a computational algorithm, stability of a computational algorithm, approximation error, computational error, and other concepts of computational mathematics. Students develop the skills to apply knowledge from the theory of difference schemes and methods of computational mathematics, which they were previously taught in various physical and mathematical disciplines, when solving educational inverse and ill-posed problems. When teaching students inverse and ill-posed problems in the context of informatization of education, much attention is paid to mathematical modeling and computational experiment. In world practice, the method of mathematical modeling and computational experiment is widely used in research of the surrounding world, its various processes and phenomena. And with the development of modern computer technologies that allow mobile research of various mathematical models, the method of mathematical modeling and computational experiment has become one of the most effective tools for understanding the surrounding reality. The method of mathematical modeling and computational experiment is widely used in the theory of inverse and ill-posed problems. When teaching students the theory and practice of inverse and ill-posed problems, much attention is paid to the basics of mathematical modeling and computational experiment. This allows students to develop new scientific knowledge in mathematical modeling and computational experiment, which they had not studied before and could learn by attending classes in special mathematical disciplines. When teaching students reverse and incorrect tasks, a certain contribution is made to the formation of their ecological culture. In the course of such training, students are introduced to the concepts of humanitarization and its main provisions. Students in practical classes learn to independently analyze the obtained solutions to inverse and ill-posed problems, formulate logical conclusions about the environmental state of the environment. This can be, for example, an air space, a terrestrial environment, or a water environment. In addition, students are taught to independently apply the numerical results obtained for solving inverse and ill-posed problems in the humanitarian analysis of applied research. Students are also taught to analyze new information about the process or phenomenon being studied, study its properties, and comprehend the humanitarian value of this information. Such practical exercises can be carried out by conducting humanitarian-oriented training sessions on inverse and incorrect tasks. Of course, before they are held, it is necessary to conduct a mathematical and didactic analysis of the content of the educational material that is planned to be introduced to students. It is also necessary to develop a system of inverse and ill-posed problems, the solution of which is planned to be assigned to students in the classroom. Obviously, you need to think through and formulate educational goals that the teacher should implement when conducting such classes on inverse and incorrect tasks. In these classes, students will get acquainted with the problem of humanitarization of applied mathematics education, with the problem of moral responsibility to society for the consequences of practical implementation of applied research, which requires humanitarian analysis with the participation of humanitarians [7; 16-18]). The development of students' ICT competence as a result of learning inverse and ill-posed problems is ensured by how successfully pedagogical technologies will be implemented in practice, including: 1) attracting such specialists in the field of inverse and incorrect problems who have experience in using computer technologies in the study of inverse and incorrect problems; 2) conducting lectures and practical classes on inverse and ill-posed problems using modern multimedia and computer technologies; 3) the implementation of didactic principles of training inverse and ill-posed problems with use of electronic means of learning support; 4) attracting students to complete semester assignments, term papers, and final qualifying works in the field of inverse and ill-posed problems that would use computer technology. Conclusion. Using fundamental knowledge on inverse and ill-posed problems, skills and abilities to independently apply computer technologies in the research of inverse and ill-posed problems, students develop professional competencies, including ICT competencies. ICT competencies will help such students in their future professional activities, which use the methods of applied mathematics to study the world around them, to successfully choose and use effective computer technologies. It is obvious that a student with ICT competence in his future professional activity as a researcher is able to successfully solve complex applied problems from different subject areas independently using modern information technologies. Having mastered deep knowledge of inverse and ill-posed problems, having formed a humanitarian culture, students can be successful specialists in their research activities, realizing and understanding the meaning of the humane relationship of the applied activity itself with the surrounding world, nature and society, and the need to apply environmental technologies in applied research.

About the authors

Viktor S. Kornilov

Author for correspondence.
Email: vs_kornilov@mail.ru

doctor of pedagogical sciences, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, full professor, professor of the department of informatization of education

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