Risks of infection with the HIV: Sociological assessment

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Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a complex socially significant disease associated with risks mainly for representatives of groups practicing deviant behavior and requiring special attention from the state and society. The article presents a comprehensive description of representatives of the high-risk group for the HIV infection, including their health status, behavioral characteristics, types, combinations and perceptions of risks, which would allow for a more optimal organization of the work of social and medical services with this group. The article is based on the results of the empirical study conducted in 2022: 3,792 clients of the charitable foundation “Support for Social Initiatives and Public Health” were questioned within the HIV preventive work with representatives of high-risk groups. A significant part of clients are people under 22 years of age (25 %). Their main risks were divided into condition risks and behavioral risks. Condition risks are as follows: current and past illness (29 % were diagnosed with an infection or several ones, including the HIV), unemployment (21 %), difficult financial situation (9 %); and for foreign citizens also lack of citizenship (24 %) and not speaking Russian (5 %). Behavioral risks (actions leading to loss of health or inaction in health protection) are as follows: 15 % of clients use drugs (including with shared equipment for injecting), the majority (76 %) consciously agree to unprotected sex and have multiple sexual partners (the average number is 21 per year). In general, representatives of high-risk groups tend to underestimate their risks, and awareness is not a decisive positive factor, i.e., it does not necessarily change behavior to less risky. Moreover, long-term risk practices together with knowledge of risks and protective measures can negatively affect perceptions of risks; thus, clients with experience of risk behavior consider risks as less dangerous or deny risks in principle, which is an additional risk for both the person and one’s partners.

About the authors

I. B. Nazarova

RUDN University; Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of FCTAS RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: inna-nazarova@mail.ru
Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Nakhimovsky Prosp., 32, Moscow, 117218, Russia

R. S. Nesterov

RUDN University; Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of FCTAS RAS

Email: rnesterov100@gmail.com
Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia; Nakhimovsky Prosp., 32, Moscow, 117218, Russia

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Copyright (c) 2024 Nazarova I.B., Nesterov R.S.

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