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0. INTRODUCTION Scientific-research paradigms have changed many times in the history of linguistic doctrines. The comparative-historical method, which gave to linguistics more than ever, the evidence base, was gradually replaced by a structuralistical direction, focused on the inner life of language as a closed and self-sufficient system. At the turn of XXI century Man was proclaimed as the A and W of research interest; In science, an anthropocentrism element has come. Linguistics began to study the language in its close interaction with the inner and outer being of Human, his biology, sociology, culture. The approach to the Word has changed. From the complex of archi-, differential and potential semes, it rightfully began to be regarded as a witness of human history with all its collisions. “Routes of the movement of languages along the continents and oceans can be traced by the names of places, rivers, mountains and islands. If we learn to read the Word. Therefore, the role of etymology grows” [1. P. 6]. This discussion, held in Karlovy Vary from December 3 to 6, 2017, presents a broader reader with a new view of etymology as the science of the origin of the word. The author of this concept is the famous poet, researcher and public figure Olzhas Omarovich Suleimenov, who, for the first time in linguistics, proposed to consider the word in its genetic connection with the graphic sign - the first character. In the course of reading the Reader will understand several important theses, including: § any writing in the history of mankind was born as a sign system, primarily expressing religious ideology; § the most ancient religions (munic and solar) were “imprinted” in protohieroglyph, which after millennia gave rise to symbolic and painted hieroglyphs and, subsequently, figurative writing; § before the first post-written period, the first written language played a linguistic role in a human life; § all the languages become of the dialects of the single language of the Lesser World, the intermediate ancestral home of which was the ancient Mediterranean. Suleimenov O.O. has devoted to the study of this ontologically significant problem for more than half a century (for more details, see [1-4]). The result of years of work was the possibility of reconstruction of the basic rules of the first grammar of the ancient dialects. Our Polylogue is an attempt to invite the readers of the different countries to this discussion, because the implementation of the large-scale project “Universal etymological dictionary ‘1000 and 1 word’” is possible only with the joint efforts of peoples, united by a common purpose: to penetrate deep into the rescript of the epochs, to learn about our history, expanding thus the range of perception of the present. The text presented for your attention is a transcript. Video discussion materials will be available on the our website. 1. DISCUSSION V.G. Tolmachev, Vice-President of the “Culture” Foundation: On behalf of the Foundation “Culture” we are welcome all the participants of our discussion in Karlovy Vary. The discussion that today will take place between the participants of the meeting has an important social, scientific and cultural implication. Olzhas Suleimenov will tell you about the search of a new etymological method - the method that would allow a scientist to go beyond the phonetic coincidences in the root morphemes in words of different languages and deeper than “surface etymology” allows. After the main speech of Mr. Suleimenov, the detailed comments of our participants are expected; then a general discussion will take place. Olzhas, You have the floor! O.O. Suleimenov: I started immediately with Sumer, I was looking for Sumer in the ancient Egyptian dictionaries, in the ancient Chinese. I was looking for Turcisms. Sometimes I found it. But all of these things was not serious - I thought so myself, because all the sorts of academics convinced me, that these are lexical coincidences and nothing more. Then I started the project. I decided to learn about the origin of a man and, being a representative of Kazakhstan in UNESCO for 12 years, I was engaged in this problem - the exodus of a man from Africa and diffusion on the planet. I propose to name this project “Great Migration in the Prehistory and in the Early History”. “Prehistory” means before the Sumer (4000 BC), then our history begins conditionally - from the first written monuments. Homo Sapiens originates approximately 100,000 years ago in the equatorial zone of East Africa (Kenya, Mozambique). This is evidenced by the archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. When I achieved this project, in 2008 we held the first scientific conference in Paris, following which the first collection was published. At this Conference, preliminary information was provided on the man’s exodus from Africa (the approximate historical period) and his alleged routes and means of travel. Homo Sapiens - why am I talking about this species? - because Homo Erectus exist on the Earth for 2 million years and become from Africa much earlier. Editor’s comment. The type genus Homo originated in the East Africa about 2.5 million years ago as a branch of the more ancient genus Australopithecus. 2 million years ago some of them left East Africa and settled in North Africa, Europe and Asia. Human populations developed in accordance with the geographic range of their habitat. Homo neanderthalensis settled in Europe and Asia; Homo soloensis settled in the tropical climate of the Java island; Homo erectus lived in Asia for a long time (about 1.5 million years). Africa open doors for several other species, including Homo rudolfensis, Homo ergaster and Homo sapiens. One of the newest archaeological finds during the excavations of the Denisova Cave in 2010 allowed scientists to talk about the existence of another species, which was conditionally called Homo denisova. Read more about the anthropogenesis here: [5]. Approximately 45 thousand years ago, a man come to Australia - probably, afloat. There were primitive “floatages”. Discussing, we came to the conclusion that storms could leaved people to the new shores on the ordinary logs - one, the other, the third; survivors washed ashore on any island where they took root, and a new kind of a primary ethnos appeared. That is, there were no expeditions, there was only a historical accident, because of which primary languages and cultures expanded. Editor’s comment. There is a theory that 45,000 years ago, sapiens from the Indonesian islands mastered the technique of the basic shipbuilding, which helped them to get to Australia and gain a foothold there. Evidence for this hypothesis is indirect, but still compelling. After settling in Australia, Sapiens managed to colonize the oceanic islands, located hundreds of miles from land. There are also evidences of established maritime trade between the islands [6]. The second conference was held in 2011 in America. It was called “America’s settlement”. We listened to the established opinions of researchers that humanity from the Southeast Asia reached Kamchatka, and from there, along the Bering Strait to Alaska. There were no other versions. Even then we began to argue. Colleagues believed that people first settled in North America, then reached Central and descended to South. But how can we compare their cultures? Hunters and fishermen, who lived in the teepee, dwell the North. And suddenly, descended to South America, they begin to build cities with a multimillion population, as it Maya done? Moreover, with the step-pyramids, as in Sumer? So, they instantly - on a historical scale - progressed from the teepee to the step-pyramids? No. We should look for another route. North is suitable only for the northern Indians. In 2013, we held a third Conference in Seoul. All these conferences took place on the basis of megaversities. In America, it was Columbia University, in Seoul - Hanyang University. There I suggested: perhaps some tribes went to America directly from the South-East Asia. Went those who knew the culture of ancient Western Asia. The fourth Conference was held in Spain, in Granada. All these conferences were “trial”, they denoted the theme of the problem, the first title. So we learned that Europe has also experienced several “streams” of population. In 2015, the fifth conference was held in Jerusalem - “Settlement of Ancient and Western Asia”. The sixth conference was scheduled in Turkey, but it was canceled because of political factors. In December 2016 in Paris the Conference “Settlement of Asia Minor” was held. In August of the same year, the world conference of the humanities in Brussels was held. However, it was only theoretical. Seventh Conference is still in the plans. What did I take from these Conferences as the author of this idea and the first participant?.. My hypothesis explains all my misconceptions at the beginning of the research journey. I have identified one of the “points” of the intermediate ancestral home of mankind, one of the possible areas of human settlement. It was the ancient Mediterranean. When tribes of Homo Sapiens approached the Mediterranean, there were already dozens of ethnoses - moon worshipers. Editor’s comment. Many monuments, including the monumental complex G bekli-tepe, whose age exceeds 9 thousand years, suggest that religion “led” humanity forward down the ages. There are abstract symbols on the walls of the construction in addition to the totemic images. Some researchers believe that it was the erection of religious buildings that determined the future agrarian revolution. it required a long time and a cooperative labor of thousands of people who needed replenishment of food supplies. Wheat could become a renewable food resource [7]. Thus, religion defined the lifestyle of the collective, and therefore Mr. Suleimenov’s assumption that the first hieroglyphs were filled with sacred content is more than convincing. Moon-admiring originated at the Equator; the Sun was not revered there - it was too hot, sultry, it reminded more the Devil than God. When the tribes approached the northern latitudes, they began to respect the warm luminary. And there secret temples have arisen - Palaeolithic caves, in which the neophytes of the new faith hid. They were persecuted by moon-worshipers, and their relationship and struggle are reflected on the walls of these secret caves. We see how the signs of the struggle against the moon are born: it was crossed out, a spear was placed on it . Where did the strikethrough appear? It’s a sign of weapons, spears, arrows, symbolizing the destruction of the object, which is depicted - like a strikeout moon. The first form of the image of God is the moon-boat; this it appears to man only at the equator. This is the first form of the image of God. The ancient tribes honored the Bull as the earthly representative of the Moon: his horns resembled the Orb of Night in its form. And the Bull “named” the Moon - she could not name herself. The Bull, in turn, people called on the basis of his self-designation: “Moon”, “Buun”. These two tribes adopted the name of the Bull and appropriated the name of the Moon sign - moon, buun. In the ancient Mediterranean, the Moon worshipers gathered, some of whom were already sun worshipers. Killing the Moon - killing the Bull - people recognized the Sun. (This tradition is still preserved in Spain. Murder of the Bull is a rejection of Moon admiring, recognition of the Sun. Tauromachy was born there and there lives its last years. It’s amazing, but the bullfight exists already 50 thousand years. The sword must pass between the Bull horns right in the heart. All these signs were preserved in live condition.) The sign of the Sun became the negation of the Moon, it became the “stricken Moon” - and then . The next generation of priests didn’t know this logic (what does it mean - the sun with the ray?). They found an ingenious way, starting to portray not a spear, but a wound from a spear - red dot. Circle with a red dot is the most common sign of the Sun . In writing, the dot turned black - it can be seen already in the Egyptian writing. All the interpretations of this sign indicate that the point was once red . Only the Japanese retained its initial color. In the third millennium BC, when interpreting the red dot, the priests came to the conclusion that this dot is nothing else but the sun in the womb of the moon. The Moon ceased to be an enemy, transforming into the image of the Sun’s Mother. Some tribes went to the East in search of the Motherland of the Sun - where the Moon gives birth to a small Red Sun. Some tribes reached India, Iran, staying there and believing that the Sun rose here. Others went on, sometimes staying for centuries. Next generations continued their way, because faith was not faded. In the 2000 BC, the Chinese reached the Pacific (and with them the Japanese, the Koreans and part of the Turks - Oguzes). There they remained, realizing that there was no ends of the earth: the horizon is not approaching. In those days, people did not realize that the Earth was round. But the Mayans, the Incas, and others continued their journey. Perhaps they crossed America in search of the end of the earth; they managed to bring to America the culture of ancient Asia, India, Egypt, Sumer, Babylon - even vocabulary. Now I understand why words turn out to be “migratory” - I find the explanation of the etymology of ancient Chinese words, for example, in German sources. In a certain historical period, the lexical fund was common because of the commonness of the intermediate ancestral home, the Mediterranean. Now I present only the general scheme, which confirms that we are entitled to consider the lexical and grammatical coincidences of the different languages - Western and Eastern - not as late borrowings, but as the earliest. The word lives not 2 thousand years, as our academicians consider. Recently Mr. Ivanov, with whom I had a small debate in 1964, passed away. When I showed him my first Sumerian studies, he replied that it was impossible. Sumer existed 6 thousand years ago, and Turkic languages arose only 1,5 thousand years ago. The word does not live more than two thousand years. Therefore, the Turkism “tu”, the hieroglyph of a birthing mother and the name “tu” - “give birth to” - is, in experts’ opinion, an accidental coincidences. I believed this opinion long enough. For 12 years I came to the Eiffel Tower. I am convinced that Eifel was familiar with the published project of Sumerian hieroglyphs, where he saw the ideal architectural model called “tu”. And “Tu” means “tower” in French. I think this sign was seen not only by the Eifel, but also by the ancient Semites who erected Babylon and the Tower of Babel. “Babylon” is “Hardwar”. The tower did not survive, only its description reached us. Its shape represents the birthing mother. Her hands are up, she clings the twig; her legs apart, she is in labor. So Maya gave birth to Buddha in the rainforest, holding on to the twig. When I was a geologist, our detachment stayed near the shepherds’ encampment on the shore of the Caspian Sea, and I witnessed how woman gave birth. She also kept her hands on the noose, stretched under the dome of the yurt. She was held at her feet and shouted: “Tu!”. It was in 1957. The word, like the written sign, lives tens of thousands of years. When we start to develop this theory, it would be possible to compile a dictionary of long-lived words. Indeed, even the word “God” goes back to one of the oldest names of the Moon, we were talking about. And the opposite word is NOT God, “the heaven”. Overturned God became heaven. And we had a lot of such examples. “Our God is a bull”, said Mayakovsky. But everything is close. Linguists lacked this great basic knowledge about the origin of man, his settling on the Earth. And we try to make up this knowledge. I think that the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia can become a pioneer in this sense. This conference is a visiting session of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. All this is ancient migration, to history and early history. Why do I believe that Man did not reach the Pacific Ocean and did not cross it before 2000 BC? 2000 BC Chinese characters appears. Before, they did not exist, as there were no other cultural monuments in this region. In South America, the appearance of cultural monuments refers to the beginning of the Common Era. In India - 3000 BC We set our leads that man went to the East from the Mediterranean in the 3000 BC. It is important to outline this hypothesis in order to further confirm it with a variety of studies of archaeologists, anthropologists, culturologists, linguists. When I deduced the law of development (relying on the dictionaries data) of the nasal consonant “N” in the smooth “L” and “R” (NLR), which explains a lot of similarities in dictionaries, much has been cleared up. In the language of the ancient Maya there is the word “shaman”, that means “north”. In the ancient Semitic “shamal” - is the “north”. The Sumerians had a word that the Maya took for the Pacific Ocean. The same word came to the Turks with the Arabs, transformed into a “samal”. In Aramaic, the word “north” is “samar”. Now it is clear why “Samarkand” is a big northern city. That’s why the big Russian city in the north is Samara. That is, what is linguistics and the law of NLR. And there are thousands of such examples in the world languages. And they prove a lot: expansion of ethnic groups, interaction of cultures. We begin to guess how important the Aramaic people were. “Kent” is a small city, “Kant” is a big one. Samarkand, Kokand, Sarkand. Shymkent, Tashkent. Now we go on: Kent - Celt (name of the tribe) - Kert (a small town in Armenian). That’s what the great migration of peoples, cultures, words. We start the period of generalization, which was preceded by a period of accumulation of knowledge and regularities. It’s time to go on a great understanding of the history of languages, cultures, and writing. A Man considers only the upper layer of History - from 1000 AD, looking into Latin and Ancient Greek. In the 19th century, the ancient Semitic sources were slightly opened, but they are also incomprehensible without the layer that we are touching now - without a foundation, that can explain and illuminate the upper layers of history. After the great migrations of the prehistory in the “upper story” we know only one “great” one. In the 2-3 centuries AD, there were “shifts” of tribes in Eurasia. Someone went to Europe, someone to Iran. Europe suffered: there were Huns. Why did this happen? We will consider the basis that caused changes in the upper layer of history - the Silk Road. The Chinese, who reached the Pacific Ocean, brought silk from the ancient Western Asia, as well as grammar and writing. They needed contacts with the West. Caravans with silk, porcelain and gunpowder went through Eurasia. As the route passed through populated areas, where the caravans were plundered, merchants had to turn to the Turks who lived in Mongolia, who agreed to accompany these caravans. They began not only to accompany the caravans, but also purge the routes so that the trajectory of the caravans remained calm. The Turks drove out the local population and settled on the territories themselves. It was more profitable than make war with China, which raised the Chinese wall against them. Probably, one of the Chinese Emperors - and documents confirming this, incl. contracts, - hired the Turks for service, giving them tithes from the caravan. Several routes were formed. The Turks brought caravans to the Black Sea. In the Crimea, the relay was handed over to the Germans. In the Crimea, there was a “Chinese territory” - Go tu (“Go” - “state”, “tu” - “land”, “state land”). It was a staging area with stables, warehouses, barracks. The bales were loaded to the ships, and the caravan departed along the Black Sea towards the Balkans - there was probably a reception point, where the goods were taken by the Germans and carried them by land to Andalusia. Thus, the Goths - the East Goths in the Crimea and the West Goths in Europe - left mark in history. Gothic saved the most exact name of the Chinese product. Etymologist are still trying to understand what is associated with the western name of silk. First of all, it is necessary to understand where silk was manufactured: in China. Learn Chinese dictionaries. To see that they have the name “Si” - “silk” and “Sidi” - “silk”. Made of silk goods called “Sidi”, but not “Si”. Goths keep the name “Sidi”, but transfer it to SILK. The Spaniards called its sede. The Spaniards take silk to Florence, and in Italian, based on the Florentine dialect, “silk” sounds like “seder”. Silk came to Italy by a “roundabout way”. In Rome, silk came with another way and from other mediators who called themselves as “serik”. These are the Turks, who accompanied caravans along the overland route. The Romans called silk as “sericus”. And what does “serik” mean in Turkic languages? Accompany, partner, orderly, guard. Accompany troops were called “serik”. This word became the basis for words meaning “army” (cherikh, serik, cherik, sherik, yany cherik). That’s what the History means through the history of words. Routes of words are able to tell about the routes of peoples. The word “sericus”, as many experts are convinced, became the basis of the word silk. But, in our opinion, the origin of the word has a different way. The Turks expanded the word SIDI (seeing the root and suffix) and replaced the suffix with its own (-lik). SiLIK. It was version, that reached England in the form of “silk”. All of this must be prescribed. Much will be explained, and the former errors of science will clear up. We initiate this project for the simple truth; If, however, the significance of the Turkic language increases, there will be no loss of this. M. Dzhusupov: First of all, I want be thankful so much for organizing the Conference in this beautiful place in Europe. Presented themes are surprisingly relevant. Silk Road, which transported precious goods, was always accompanied by writing. When European scholars deciphered the ancient Indian language in the 19th century, finding its similarity to Western European, in particular Germanic and Romance languages, a historical method of linguistics appeared. It was the greatest milestone in the history of linguistics, which separated into an independent science. A similar discovery found between Turkic and Sumerian, can also be a great one. Unfortunately, stereotypes of thinking and ideological approaches largely determine the acceptance or non-acceptance of a particular concept. As pointed out at the last Supreme Council, the concept of Mr. Suleimenov had the right to life. Now, regarding today’s speech. As for the similarity of languages that are geographically remote from each other - for example, Indian and Turkic: studies in this area are ongoing. Akhmedov’s book is written. Our Azerbaijani colleagues work in the same vein. The word lives more than 2 thousand years. Let’s take the word “kurt” (“bashkurt” - “the main wolf”), a word that came to us despite the appearance of synonyms. Another problem is the preservation or loss of the semantic volume of a word or its phonetic transformation. For example, the word “shamal” (“samal”), denoting at once the north and the wind, with which came the cold. Or the word “kant”, which used to mean “big city”, but synonymously synonymous with the word “kent” - “town”, “small town”. The word “serik” in the modern Kazakh language has synonyms “zholdas”, “zholausy” (“companion”, “comrade”). Serik - “accompanying”, “seri” - a knight, a warrior. The root is “ser”. The root always matters in Turkic languages. If the inner form of the root is not explicated, then the word is borrowed. It is interesting to know the origin of the word “jan”, the structural element of such words as “Azerbaijan” and others. In all modern Turkic dictionaries, the origin is explained by the Persian “soul”, “spirit”, “alive”, “possessive of life”. The question arises about the relationship of this word with the Chinese “zhen” - “man”. Chinese word “zhen” and borrowed by the Turks from the Persian “jan” are they phonetic modifications of the same word? And what, then, is the trajectory of its movement-from Chinese to Iranian, and thence to Turkic, or, vice versa? I agree with you and about the law of alternation of NLR. We pronounce Albania and Almania; the transition of sound to a different quality is proved by the state of modern Kazakh and Uzbek languages. I believe that now we need to look for a cross-routes of other words. It seems that it will be necessary to publish the Dictionary, where your research would be combined. O.I. Valentinova: Now we are faced with a phenomenon in the history of science. Always, when a person appears that is trying to bridge the gap between the sciences, a scandal arises. The precedents connected with overcoming this gap were already in the history of science. We can recall such personalities as Lev Gumilev, George Melnikov. What the author does is also connected with bridging the gap in the natural and humanitarian sciences and between the various branches of the humanities. I would like to cite as an example the unique work of Stephen Toulmin - “Human understanding”. He explores the history of the development of natural sciences, where you can experimentally confirm your hypothesis. But even there the appearance of the new is confronted with the most powerful resistance of the environment. Quantum theory was most aggressively adopted by Einstein, who “just” experienced an aversion to his own relativity theory. What was proposed to us for discussion should be decided by a serious research institute, because it is not just about creating comparative paleoarcheology, paleography, paleolinguistics, but also to bring the results of this comparison into line with that knowledge , which is already accumulated by science, and bridge the gap. We absolutize convention, forgetting that it was once adopted for the convenience of analysis. Having divided synthetic knowledge into separate sciences, we approached such a situation in cognition, when the desire to synthesize information meets resistance. As a man of traditional research thought, I use logical thinking. But we know that there is a visual thinking, and it works when logical thinking is weak. The image helps to overcome what is not available to logical thinking. There is a mystical insight, there are saints who perceive information that is inaccessible to other people. But there is also a special type of thinking, synthetic, combining poetic, intuitive and logical. This is what Mr. Khlebnikov did (just not clothe his words in scientific form) and what Mr. Suleimenov is doing now. These intuitive connections provide the stuff for logical science. This is an incredibly difficult job. The existence of a system of assumptions is necessary, we must evaluate which of the hypotheses having the right to exist requires further confirmation and argumentation. We don’t even have a comparative atlas of the migration of mankind in order to see which migration routes are based on the data of archeology, which are at the hypothetical stage and what is the evidence base. There must be an enormous job by the scientists of different specializations. As for the proto-problem with which You began your speech. For a person with abstract thinking, the sign is conventional. For him, the relationship between the sign and the value is also conventional and arbitrary. At long last, a context can always be created, where any arbitrary sign can be matched with a corresponding value. It stands to reason that the more historically, the more chronologically the epoch is distant, the more unconditional and sacred will be the connection between acoustic and graphic, between the meaning, behavioral signs, etc. This connection needs to be restored. Of course, at first it will be hypothetical. But, in my opinion, it is not accidental that the designations of animals are selected and their connection with the luminaries is actualized. O.O., do you refer them to the New Stone Age (Neolithic)? After all, in the Early Stone Age there were picturesque petroglyphs. Vladimir Mikushevich, the poet and translator, has interesting notices on this matter. He says that picturesque petroglyphs of an animal (for example, a bull) arise when he does not feel a rupture between himself and the animal (as an extension of himself) to such an extent that he asks his consent to a voluntary sacrifice and forgiveness for the fact that the animal was killed. In the Neolithic there is a schematic representation of the animal, and in the Tyrian alphabet the image of the bull is “completed” according to the first letter of Aleph. O.O. Suleimenov: In the Early Stone Age, the bull was also depicted through a detail: “horns”. O.I. Valentinova: Do you think that even then there was such a schematization? O.O. Suleimenov: Certainly. O.I. Valentinova: Then this connection becomes even more organic. O.O. Suleimenov: Initially, I believed that it was primarily naturalistic. Now I believe that the journey of human perception went from symbolic to lifelike. O.I. Valentinova: It is important to identify the time correctly, and such work needs to attract specialists. Today the chronology of the image is established - symbolic, naturalistic and others. Chemists and many other experts work. O.O. Suleimenov: In the Early Stone Age, the “killing of the Moon” was depicted. That’s great. Circle struck by a spear is an image given three times . I recognize the Sun as a refusal from the Moon. It’s closer to the Neolithic. M.E. Dubrovina: How do you explain the fact that the moon worshipers were the first? O.O. Suleimenov: With the climate. They lived then in the area where the cool star was worshiped by God. At the Equator, you can live only at night. This calmness, light, coolness. The Sun is the red-hot Devil, the Demon, but not God. O.I. Valentinova: Any study that is connected with the proof of definiteness, should be developed and consolidated in science. It is necessary to change the starting point. O.O. Suleimenov: The etymology of the word silk. Si is silk. Sidi is made of silk. Silik is a Turkic version of the adjective. Silk - army of support of silk - army - troops. On this line, it is already possible to build a history of the relationship of the Turks, Mongols, Germans, Slavs, Balts. This is the scheme. Sidi, Seda, Seder. The most important thing is that the history of words confirms the history of ethnic groups, the mutual relations of peoples, the routes of their migrations, the nature of their relations. O.I. Valentinova: May I comment? I was always fascinated by the fate of the Vasmer’s dictionary. After all, its translation into Russian is even better than the original dictionary. When translated, every article was supplemented by all the hypotheses that existed in science at that time. How can we imagine what you are doing lexicographically? If the dictionary article provided an opportunity to look at the author’s thinking and compare it with other assumptions, the scientific informative nature of such a publication would give the possibility of comparison, discussion; this would be in demand. O.O. Suleimenov: I’ve learned a lot of etymological dictionaries during these decades. They touch the surface of the history of the word. Unfortunately, no ET has found the origins of the word. ET should be associated with a figurative writing, with a written word designation. Alphabetic writing did not give the nature and content of the word. O.I. Valentinova: Mayakovsky is looking for the content of the word, including the letter. He has a lot of studies on this point. O.O. Suleimenov: The mother of the word is, of course, a proto-hieroglyph. A pure image of an object without phonetic additions and weightings. The name of the first hieroglyph becomes a word after the image is interpreted. This is the dictionary of the future, when all written signs will be restored. The etymologies with which we are dealing, relate only to phonetic variations and semantic guesses of the initial form of the word. We are stand at the origins of this etymology. Vasmer is wonderful, but he didn’t write about the origin of silk. When the Chinese call an object, that is unfamiliar to themselves, they add the determinative “zhen”, pointing to the fact that it is a person in front of them, and not another form of life. “Mukhamedzhen”, “Lukashen”. The Turks and the Slavs - “Mukhametzhan”, “Lukashenko”. Much depended on writing: hence the Armenian “Yan”. What is the origin of the Chinese “Zhen”? I believe that from the ancient sign “gen”. All this originated not in China, but in the ancient Mediterranean. Only in 2000 BC this sign was in China. Imitating this sign, the Chinese began to bow, holding two hands in front of oneself: thus the Chinese bow was formed, the ritual of recognizing one’s own. The settlement of Albans originated on the border with China, on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. This is the former territory of Azerbaijan. All these are the routes of the great Silk Road. And an Albanian in Chinese is Azebaijeni. That is the origin of the word Azerbaijan. You just need to follow the movement of words. U.M. Bakhtikireeva: Dear colleagues, I would like to focused on that we are present at the amazing event. We are with a man who can be called the Universe. This is a rare intellectual and human chance. We are proud of this and will carry it through our lives. You are a genius, brilliant man, Chialabi - a man of the sense-mind. This book is the first edition of “Az i Ya”, and I believe that this edition will reach my grandchildren, and they will read it as a handbook. 42 years have passed, and some of its places still remain an enigma for me. Despite the fact that the type of scientific rationality has changed (and now it is customary to talk about the post-nonclassical type of knowledge, that intuition and guess can be involved as a method, that the individual can not be discarded, and the local truth of everyone is very significant, and that all of us are contextually conditioned), the world increases in numerical terms, accordingly, the number of researchers, scientists and truths also increases, and we often do not hear each other. We live in the era of transition, which we can not comprehend from the inside and look at it from the outside. There is a powerful paradigm shift in the consciousness of humanity, which we can not understand yet. What shall we do? I agree with what philosophers say. When humanity switched to written comprehension of the surrounding reality, this process was accompanied by a monstrous degradation of the social memory. On the other hand, now we still don’t understand what to do with the nanobioinfocognitive revolution. Intellectuals understand that without the data, developed by the humanities, this revolution can destroy a person as a species. The ontology changes, the epistemological foundations of science also changes. We are talking about a change in the epistemological position of researchers, that we can remain partial (as the head of the Moscow psycholinguistic school Eugene Tarasov says), that the researcher within the framework of post-non-classical rationality can not help but be biased. Always, when we meets, when I read your writings, I understand how I am an amateur. I have never been in Libraries in which you were; I did not read as much literature as you read. Against all the odds, the degree does not reflect much. The impending pluralism of post-non-classical rationality keeps us from professional amateurism, and I do not feel ready myself to talk about etymology. I have a slightly different direction. But it’s surprisingly fascinating. When at the Conference in 2008 you gave our students a task about “monshak” (“beads”), we collected a lot of material. But the process did not go any further: probably, we don’t have enough creative thinking, the further intellectual sweep. I think, and the student has changed. The younger generation, which now comes to the higher school, has a qualitatively different from our thinking. We can’t always meet their requirements - or they to ours. I would like to refresh an excerpt from the book “Az i Ya” (p. 192), “The Right to Make a Mistake”. I always knew it is Mr. Ivanov, although you do not mention his name. Now much is said about the transdisciplinary approach as the most constructive, because it involves the study of complex problems at several levels. The principle of such organization of knowledge is based on the interaction of disciplines, and the postulate related to this type of post-nonclassical rationality says that knowledge is inseparable from the subject. If the subject generates, develops, translates scholastic attainments, then the subject proceeds from his own experience. But how much the subject (the researcher, the linguist, the humanist) is ready to understand this, to comprehend and inform? Despite all the difficulties that we face in the higher educational process, we must broadcast this knowledge. I also have a “crane jamb of question marks”. There are a lot of questions about HOW to do it. We try to engage our students still in the classroom. In the last 10-15 years we have talked a lot about the transdisciplinary approach, and in the “Az i Ya” it was said 42 years ago. Lack of knowledge does not mean that you should not try and go further. I give you kind regards from the leadership of our University and personally from Kiribaev Nur Serikovich. As a part of his project, we will try to rethink your approach to science, create a contest site in our mag. Unfortunately, Mr. Rybakov could not come, and on June 22, Sergei Y. Preobrazhensky died, together with whom we began to comprehend the creative and scientific heritage of O.O. I hope we can develop an algorithm for the further work. What you said about the great migrations and globalization, the same was said by the rector of the UN University Hans van Ginkel ten years ago, calling these processes just like you. He also concludes that the Huns reached Europe, that cultures is not “come ready”, but are in the eternal process of interaction and synthesis. Globalization is not a sign of our time. And the Huns is globalization, and the Great Silk Road is also globalization. I conclude my speech by saying that we will make this discussion as a serious forum on the pages of the Bulletin. I think we need a series of articles that outline your concept, which we need to popularize. You are rhizome. We are proud and happy that we are side by side and are trying to discuss today. O.O. Suleimenov: It can be a good project for the PFUR. Mr. Ivanov is the last of the representatives of the old school of Indo-Europeanism, which already ceases to exist. I thought for a long time about how Latin appeared in the Apennines in the 7th century BC. What preceded it? There was a drought in Asia Minor. Ships of scouts went to all the directions with the mission to find a land where there is no drought. In those days they were called the Hittites. Some groups reached Northern India in the early 1st Millennium BC. They came there with their faith in God-the-Father (Deus Piter). They planted this faith, for which the Sanskrit language was created. Many Latin words are similar to Sanskrit, hence the theory that the Europeans become of India. It was vice versa. The ancestors of the Latins, who brought their God, came there from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In one case this combination reads as Deus, in another Jus - Jupiter. But this is not a Sanskrit word, it’s a Latin one. When there was a planting of other values together with words, Sanskrit became the language of the Holy Writ. I was wondering where the word “Sanskrit” came from. This is the Italian pronunciation of “san scriptum” (“Holy Writ”). Latin is one of the Old Italian derivatives. Ancestors perceived the letter as a hieroglyph and interpreted it figuratively. What could the Turks see in the sign gov, kov? Kop. Sign of sets. Hence the Russians “save - kopit’”, “buy - kupit’”, “collect - sovokupit’” and so on. Writing directly affects the language. O.I. Valentinova: This is a valuable comment, able to fill lacunarity in the interpretations of the Tyrian alphabet. It is a pity that there is no paleography in the classical education. O.O. Suleimenov: The reconstruction of the ethnonym “Goths” in the plot about the Silk Road is especially important. We believe that it is directly connected with the Great Silk Road and Chinese dictionary, the Chinese policy of “receiving stations”. All of Eurasia was a chain of transitional points, and we should remember it. S.V. Dikhtyar: I would like to begin with Olzhas Omarovich’s speech and give some examples. The etymologization of the word “silk” seemed very interesting to me. For the first time was introduced version, thanks to which it is possible to restore two routes of moving goods instead of the generally accepted one. With tea, is a similar situation. The starting point of its expansion is also China. We have two “branches” of goods expansion around the world and, as a consequence, two variants of the pronunciation of its nomination (“cha” and “tea”). The name of the Great Silk Road (1877). In the 4th century the name “Great way of silk trade” already exists, including the word serikum. It seems to me interesting to follow these ways and verify the routes already opened. When I was in Indonesia, I found that the patterns on the local cloth - tnun and kat - repeat the famous abro designs of the Fergana Valley. In Ecuador, in the Museum of Equator, I saw the same cloth with the same name - tnun and kat. Ecuador, Indonesia, Central Asia. I was amazed by this trajectory, close to what you talked about today. Another example is associated with the cult of the Bull. Indonesia, Sumatra, island, in part of which there is still matriarchy. There are Minangkabau people there. The roofs of the houses of this people are made in the form of buffalo horns. They still live in these houses. O.O. Suleimenov: It’s not horns, it’s the Moon. The sign of God. S.V. Dikhtyar: And now a few words about how the Silk Road project is being implemented in the field of tourism. We understand GSR as the movement of people, goods, ideas from the territory of modern China to Europe. Its conventional historical borders are the 2nd century BC - 15 century AD, the length is about 12000 km. There are no analogues to this phenomenon in the world. In 1994, the World Tourism Organization appealed to the legacy of the GSR. The starting point was Samarkand, where the Samarkand Declaration on the support of the GSR project was signed. At present, it unites 33 states, including China, Central Asia, Europe. There is also a sea route. Countries join their efforts to use the legacy of this great route. What can our experts do for the problem identified today? Tourism is interdisciplinary. Historians, archaeologists and other specialists work together. In 2017, with the assistance of The Intergovernmental Foundation for Educational, Scientific and Cultural Cooperation, was launched a large educational and research project, involving seven CIS countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Russia. We are trying to unite researchers to address the issues of cultural and historical heritage of the GSR. In October we held great Symposium hosted by PFUR, where all the teams presented the results of their work. We plan to continue this project. What should be the next step? Although we did not considered the actual linguistic heritage, the intangible spiritual heritage is still a part of our research interests. Perhaps at the next stage we will be able to shift the focus. The results obtained by the combined efforts of students from the different countries will allow us to advance the project further and in this direction. O.O. Suleimenov: It is possible to develop several routes of the GSR, based on the linguistic data on the expansion of the name of silk. For example, the “Gothic route” from the Crimea to Andalusia. From Andalusia - by sea - to Florence. The second route - “silik” - will lead to the British Isles. This route ran through Northern Europe to Britain. From there it expanded to Eastern Europe, turning into “silk”. “Silik” gradually turns into a “serik” and comes to Rome (sericus) - which means “silk” and “Chinese” in Latin. S.V. Dikhtyar: It is interesting that the GSR passed through the territory of Russia. You have already mentioned the Crimea, but there is also Dagestan, Ingushetia. O.O. Suleimenov: I think it was already a sea route passing through Asia Minor; “serik” was transformed into a cherik or chelik is a support army. A vessel with silk from Asia Minor could reach Rome. It is necessary to find where this word was saved on the way to Rome. Incredible scale. The power of empires - Eastern and Roman... Their interaction, which gave impetus to the great migrations. In the 15th century, reverse processes began - the conquest of the East, the search for sea routes to China and India, colonization... M.E. Dubrovina: Being here is a big commotion for me. I’m a Turkologist who studies Turkic languages. All this time I think about how important is the strength of the individual in history. Any science is conservative; for thought, which is different from the traditional, it is very difficult to break out. Studying Turkology for more than 20 years, I come across the questions, answers to which science does not offer. It is impossible to pursue science in isolation from the historical context, like any field of human activity. Today the question about the necessity to consider the prehistory in the development of mankind came up (that is, deeper than for 5 thousand years of the existence of written culture). Not always the archeological findings give an explanation to many facts. Now I understand why Chinese writing arose later than the Sumerian (13th century BC). I judge from the theory of monogenesis of writing: writing originated in the one geographical sector and subsequently expand throughout the world (in contrast to the theory of polygenesis). This concept is well superimposed on your hypothesis about the Mediterranean as an intermediate human ancestral home. We can chronologically restore the “advancement” of writing to the East. We could answer many questions of linguistics, guided by this understanding. Scientists argue about the disjointed ideas, not having a “clear overview”. 95 percent of people think standardly. The remaining five are nonstandard. We should popularize an unconventional view of certain things. You convinced me as an outsider, and it is also very important: to see how the concept is available. We must materialize it and make it public. The idea is popularized by like-minded people. Despite the fact that I have never set aside with etymology professionally, I globally support your concept. This approach is logical and, unlike many existing ones, is not contrived. The word can get into a different language and culture in a number of ways. It is necessary to write it about and support this idea. Thanks to the hosts for the opportunity to join it. O.A. Valikova: Joining the words spoken by Margarita Emilievna, I would like to note that we should arm ourselves with the principle of “Ignoramus”, from which the Age of Discovery began. If we remember how the geographical maps looked before the 15th century, we will see that the world on them was depicted as known. If Terra Incognita sites existed in reality, graphically they were always filled with various conventional elements (including mythical ones) to create the illusion of cognition. In the 15th century lacunary maps appeared; all the space around is recognized as unexplored, and it becomes an impulse to the further knowledge of the world. There are a lot of such “clouds” today. Our understanding of the theory of glottogenesis begin to falter. We are used to believe that the Proto-Indo-European study divides languages into Nostratic and Afrasian languages, which are heterogeneous in system, structure, and type. However, if we look at the problem from the position of the approach, proposed by you, the picture will be different. Suppose that the human species (namely Sapiens, because there were at least six species of man, and only Sapiens survived in the process of the biological evolution) originated 100-140 thousand years ago. 70 thousand years ago there was the first cognitive revolution, the result of which - for various reasons, one of which biologists namel a historical accident - the Broca’s and Wernicke’s center develop in Homo Sapiens, and he acquires the ability to speak and share his knowledge of his own kind. The language begins to develop (there is a theory “there is a lion near the river” according to Yuval Noah Harari, when relatives have to warn about the danger, and the theory of gossip, according to which language served as a tool to strengthen the internal social relations). Scientists believe that a man has survived due to his ability to imagine non-existence, and believe in this, including thanks to language. This is evidenced by the many artifacts of culture, including found “chimerical” figurines (such as Narasimha). The attempt to establish a correlation between the deity and the sign is very seamless. Man was able to perceive the whole through a part and vice versa, that is, to think metonymically. The examples you cited of how lunar worship changed to sun worship in the context of new climatic circumstances, demonstrates how the already existing form of the sign can be filled with the new content and how the principle of negation and the principle of “negation of negation” are realized. All that you say is a narrative scheme, but it took place for 68 thousand years - until the period when the agrarian revolution took place and the human collectives began to settle in the more or less stable areas. The agrarian revolution was connected with the development of agriculture. If we assume for the reference point the assumption that the language originated from a single primary ethnos, which subsequently migrated and expanded, we come to the conclusion that humanity has a single linguistic basis. Then the theory of transculturation can be viewed from a new angle and approach it more reasonably. And it is important not only from the point of view of objectifying historical truth, but also from the point of view of our present life situation “then and there”. We have a very heterogeneous community, which, on the one hand, tries to prove its autonomy, “which was always”, and with another one - to integrate into the global society. The theory of transculturation helps us to understand that we are at one and in the process of historical (including linguistic) contacting we have acquired properties that can not be called simply chimerical. It will be very interesting to see how the words reacted to various historical circumstances, and with them the ways of cognition were also modified. We borrow not only the word, but its entire rescript nature (and even the derivational model). And here the most interesting results are expected. U.M. Bakhtikireeva: “There are no unsolvable problems in science, but there are unresolved” (O. Suleimenov). G. Ismailov: Your etymology covers an ancient layers of the human culture. You will explore the origins of the human language through the concept of the subject and its designation in graphics and in language; in what form did the word come to our days, in which phonetic variant? Modern etymological dictionaries do not give us this information, because they written in a different methodology. They have other tasks and goals. Now it is necessary to prepare the etymological part separately. Perhaps, it is necessary to prepare a manual for the wide audiences. An introduction to such guide can be the “Code of the word”, which provides extensive information despite its small volume. 2. SUMMARY O.O. Suleimenov: It is important for me that you understand what the art of the Word should begin with. It is in the middle of things. The priests - the first intellectuals - created the first words. A man came into the world with one - already lost - sound combination of two or three sounds. But he differed from his brothers in nature by his ability to imitate; he called them by the names that they called themselves. The first stage of the human language is onomatopoetic. When a man called all the sounding animals, developed his vocal apparatus, learned to mumble, hiss, bleat, bark - then he began to call the mute objects. And how to call them differently, except by the likeness? So he compared the bull with the Moon and named it with the bullish name. Thus began the stage of the sign imitation. This period was the longest; the man subsequently reached the alphabetic writing. It is absolutely necessary to know all the linguists. The development of philology is possible on this basis. Students should understand how the language appeared ab ovo. One of the first bases of the language is the Mediterranean. The signs that appeared there are ancient than Sumerian ones. The signs of the Sun, brought to Sumer by the ancestors of the Turks, arose in the another place. Maya’s culture came out of the same region, in this culture remain the name of the moon - U. Then we find these relics in Latin (5th century BC). In the Ancient and Western Asia the northern version of the moon inscription was remained. Subsequently, signs of the sun are built on the signs of the moon. As a result, the Maya were on the other side of the Pacific Ocean. All these issues can be solved only by joint efforts.

About the authors

Olzhas Omarovich Suleimenov

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@culturefund.kz

Poet, Public figure, Ambassador of Kazakhstan to UNESCO

Uldanai Maksutovna Bakhtikireeva

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: uldanai@mail.ru

Professor, Doctor in Philology, Professor of the Russian Language and Intercultural Communication Department

Mahanbet Dzhusupov

Uzbek State University of World Languages

Email: mah.dzhusupov@mail.ru

Doctor in Philology, Professor

Olga Ivanovna Valentinova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: ovalentinova@yandex.ru

Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of General and Russian Linguistics of the Philological Faculty

Svetlana Vasilievna Dikhtyar

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: hbti@pfur.ru

Director of the Institute of Hospitality and Tourism

Margarita Emilievna Dubrovina

St. Petersburg State University

Email: maggydu@rambler.ru

Candidate in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of Turkic Philology

Olga Aleksandrovna Valikova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: vestnik_valikova@mail.ru

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Philology, Researcher of the Department of Russian Language and Intercultural Communication

Gulom Mirzaevich Ismailov

Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature

Email: gulom1208@gmail.com

PhD, Senior Scientific Researcher of Research Institute of Uzbek Language and Literature

References