Интеграция цифровых образовательных технологий в клиническую подготовку студентов-медиков: инструментарий и методические решения

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Problem statement. The dissonance between the pace of technological advancement in clinical practice and the relative stasis of traditional medical pedagogy represents a critical challenge. The classical model, built upon lectures, textbook-centric learning, and practical sessions reveals significant limitations in preparing graduates for a digitally healthcare system. While these methods have historically formed the basis of medical training, they are increasingly insufficient for cultivating the dynamic, complex competencies - data-driven decision-making, virtual patient interaction, digital applications. The chaotic use of information technologies in the educational process does not lead to increase learning efficiency. The solution to this challenge is a creation of a digital medical environment, which used not just as an addition, but as a kind of “digital skeleton” of all the entire educational process. Such an environment must be used from the first year of education of students till a graduation, including educational practice and practice in medical institutions [1-4]. For a medical university, such a digital environment is a multicomponent system that combines simulation equipment, expert systems, electronic databases of clinical cases, telemedicine platforms, learning management systems and special digital tools in one system. The analysis of the effectiveness of the integration of these components and their impact on the formation of clinical thinking of future doctors is the central task of modern didactics of higher medical education. Here the centrality of medical ethics and deontology should be concerned: digital tools must be designed to foster empathy, ethical discernment and patient-centered communication, ensuring that technological proficiency does not come at the expense of humanistic care. Of course, the Digital Medical Educational Environment must obliterate the boundaries between the university campus and different clinical establishments (hospitals, outpatient clinics), ensuring continuity of learning and mentorship across physical spaces. Moreover, students and future doctors can use the Digital Medical Educational Environment at practice and during educational process. As a result, the using of the Digital Environment focuses on lifelong learning: the platform must instill the habits and provide the tools for continuous professional development, preparing graduates for a career of constant knowledge renewal and adaptation to future technologies. Methodology. The construction of the Digital Medical Educational Environment requires a systematic approach grounded in the principle of pedagogical expediency rather than technological fashion. The key criterion for selecting any digital tool is its demonstrable efficacy in solving specific tasks of clinical specialist training. This moves the discourse from a simple inventory of available technologies to the deliberate design of an integrated system where each element is logically and purposefully woven into the process of professional development. For the formation of robust subject competencies, priority should be given to teaching using specialized software, such as: interactive anatomical atlases with augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) layers, platforms or applications for working with extensive databases of real clinical cases, AI-powered expert systems that guide students through differential diagnosis, various medical devices and others. For the development of practical and psychomotor skills of medical students the integration of hardware and software systems is critical, including high-fidelity virtual and haptic surgical simulators, telemedicine platforms for supervised remote patient interactions, student performance monitoring systems that provide structured, automated error reports for deliberate practice. Results and discussion. This research examined the digital tools utilized in the educational process at a medical university. This analysis proved the necessity for developing and using an integrated Digital Medical Educational Environment. The analysis of academic articles and researches showed that there are several definitions of the concept of digital tools such as “pedagogical software tools”, “computerbased learning tools”, and “electronic learning resources” and ect. For the purposes of this study the encompassing term “digital tools” will be used. To rationalize their selection and integration within the Digital Medical Educational Environment a methodological classification is essential. These digital tools can be categorized by their primary function [5-8]: • electronic instructional and manuals - electronic textbooks, electronic manuals, interactive teaching aids; • mathematical and simulation modeling tools - high-fidelity patient simulators, virtual laboratories for physiology, pathophysiology, microbiology, anatomy classes, mathematical modeling of disease progression; • training and assessment tools - electronic learning systems for different medical disciplines (biology, histology, pharmacology, pediatrics, gynecology, ect.), tools for knowledge monitoring and automated skills assessment platforms; • communication and collaborative tools - digital platforms for teleconferencing, distance mentoring and collaborative problem-solving among students and teachers across different locations; • expert and intelligent systems - integrated automated training systems, expert systems providing diagnostic and treatment support and intelligent tutoring systems used for individual student learning trajectories; • information and reference tools - electronic encyclopedias, information research systems and medical databases. This taxonomy underscores that the Digital Medical Educational Environment is not a monolithic platform but a multi-layered, convergent ecosystem. Its power lies not in the isolated functionality of each tool, but in their synergistic interplay within a unified pedagogical framework. Taking into account the classification of digital tools by their methodological purpose, the educational electronic resources were analyzed used within the framework of computerization of the following disciplines, according to the curriculum in a medical university: anatomy / pathological anatomy, histology, normal physiology, microbiology, immunology, pathological physiology, urology, pharmacology, therapy, neurology, topographic anatomy and operative surgery, infectious diseases, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, pediatrics, anesthesiology, psychiatry, oncology (some examples are given in Table). The integration of digital technologies into medical education represents a paradigm shift in pedagogical approaches, particularly evident in the curriculum containing the preclinical and clinical stages of education. The medical students from the first till the third year of education get acquainted with interactive anatomical and pathology atlases because every future physician must have a perfect understanding of all anatomical structures. In histology classes students use microscope simulators, which significantly facilitates the educational process of teachers as purchasing expensive equipment is problematic for every student. In the microbiology course students learn microorganisms, cells, viruses, bacteria and study their 3D-models using applications. In their fourth to sixth-years medical students work with surgical simulators and 3D-atlases of medical instruments in surgery classes and in neurology they study brain structures using the 3D-Brain applications. In urology courses students use specialized atlases and educational portals, in the department of internal medicine they work with therapist’s reference books and study the educational portal of the Association of Pediatricians in pediatrics classes. During the initial three years, students study foundational biomedical sciences through interactive digital tools. In anatomy and pathology classes the traditional reliance on static textbook illustrations and cadaveric dissection is supplemented and often supplanted by interactive 3D-atlases. These platforms help students make deconstruction and layered exploration of anatomical structures, from gross organ systems down to vasculature and innervation, fostering a superior understanding of spatial relationships [9-11]. Analysis of educational electronic resources of the Internet used in clinical departments of a medical university Discipline Digital tool Type Characteristics Downsides Anatomy / pathological anatomy Interactive anatomy atlas Educational The students use interactive anatomical atlas to work with a 3D-model of the human body Using this atlas students study skeletal system, cardiovascular system, muscular system, nervous system. But the main downside is absence of knowledge control Atlas of Pathology Information and reference The atlas is used as an auxiliary teaching tool in classes on pathological anatomy for students and teachers A disadvantage of the atlas is the description of pathologies is given in English, which is inconvenient for Russian students Histology Microscope simulator Simpop Imitation The program emulates a real microscope, which allows viewing high-resolution histological images at all zoom levels The program’s content is quite limited. There is no control function for sudents Cells and their components Cell Biology Educational An application for studying 3D-models of animal and plant cells. The application tests students’ knowledge through interactive tasks and quizzes The study of animal and plant cells is only a topic within the General Microbiology section of the academic discipline, so the application is not in demand among students Normal physiology, Pathological physiology Physiology online Educational An additional resource for learning different topics in classes on normal physiology There is no control function for students Pharmacology Encyclopedia of Medicines Educational An electronic resource for studying medicinal drugs and their use The electronic resource is used in university classes and in practice in hospitals. But there is no control function for students Source: compiled by Kristina S. Itinson. Histology education is enhanced through virtual microscope simulators. These applications provide high-resolution annotated digital devices which mitigate significant logistical and financial constraints. These applications provide that all students can develop critical skills in tissue identification and pathological recognition without resource limitations. In microbiology and virology classes students transcend two-dimensional textbook images by interacting with detailed 3D-models of microorganisms, viruses, and bacterial cells. Such applications enable the visualization of structural components and in advanced simulations even model mechanisms of pathogenesis and antibiotic interaction at a molecular level [12; 13]. The transition to clinical training marks an intensification in the use of highfidelity simulation technologies. In surgery classes students utilize procedural simulators (ranging from basic laparoscopic trainers to virtual reality platforms) to practice instrument handling, triangulation and specific surgical techniques in a risk-free environment. Concurrently, they study from 3D-atlases of surgical instruments, which detail phases and anatomical considerations for various interventions. Neurological sciences benefit immensely from applications like 3D-Brain, which offers an interactive layered exploration of neuroanatomy. Students can isolate specific nuclei, trace neural pathways, and correlate structural damage with clinical syndromes, thereby solidifying the complex link between neuroanatomy and clinical neurology [14-16]. Specialized disciplines employ targeted digital resources. In urology classes students access specialized digital atlases and educational portals (for example, Uroweb, European Association of Urology resources) featuring case studies, video libraries of endoscopic and surgical procedures and updated clinical guidelines. The department of internal medicine integrates digital therapeutic reference platforms (e.g., UpToDate, Dynamed) into training, teaching students evidence-based decision-making and differential diagnosis construction. In pediatrics classes the curriculum is supported by authoritative educational portals from professional associations (e.g., the American Academy of Pediatrics), which provide access to growth charts, vaccination schedules, clinical algorithms, and peer-reviewed case repositories tailored to child health [17; 18]. Conclusion. The phased and discipline-specific integration of digital tools - from interactive atlases and simulators to specialized clinical application - constitutes a comprehensive Digital Medical Educational Environment for medical education. It addresses core pedagogical challenges: standardizing exposure to complex structures, providing unlimited practice opportunities and ensuring access to current clinical knowledge. The critical task for modern medical didactics is to advance from the mere availability of digital components to a sophisticated understanding of their synergistic integration. The main goal is the effective interweaving of digital resources within a single digital medical educational environment to achieve the main goal of medical education - the formation of systematic clinical thinking in students. The creation of the Digital Medical Educational Environment that is pedagogically based, systematically designed and seamlessly integrated allows students to move beyond traditional learning and their use of digital tools. The created Digital Medical Educational Environment should be used at medical classes, at clinical practice and in future career. The future physician will be one whose clinical reasoning has been formed within the Digital Medical Educational Environment that mirrors the complexity, dynamism and technological richness of the modern world.

Об авторах

Кристина Сергеевна Итинсон

Курский государственный медицинский университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: ksitinson@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3039-9609
SPIN-код: 5121-8467

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков

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