Transformation of the desired family model in different generations: Results of the All-Russian sociological study

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The difficult demographic situation and the search for an effective model of demographic and family policy have revived the discourse about the Russian family model. The article aims at describing general and specific characteristics of the desired family model in different generations to identify vectors of transformation of the family institution and directions of the family policy. The authors’ conclusions are based on the statistical data, all-Russian population censuses (2002 and 2010), micro-census (2015), sample surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and the results of the authors’ research conducted in 2019. Ideas about the desired family model change under the influence of cultural and social-economic factors and differ between generations; therefore, a comparison of the opinions of different generations allow to identify transformations of the desired family model and directions of family policy. Family is still a significant value for Russians, but the model of the desired family changes towards nuclearization, mosaic family life models, decreasing role of formal mechanisms for regulating marriage, and increasing share of people who do not want a family. The discourse about the traditional family model, which is the basis of the Russian family policy, is supported by many Russians only formally. In general, Russians’ ideas about the desired family model change in the direction of liberalizing norms and attitudes to marriage and family life, and there are serious generational differences. Methods of multivariate statistical analysis allowed the authors to identify typological groups that differ in their ideas about the happy family.

About the authors

T. K Rostovskaya

Institute for Demographic Research of the FCTAS RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: rostovskaya.tamara@mail.ru

доктор социологических наук, заместитель директора Института демографических исследований

Fotievoy St., 6-1, Moscow, 119333, Russia

O. V Kuchmaeva

Institute for Demographic Research of the FCTAS RAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: kuchmaeva@yandex.ru

доктор экономических наук, главный научный сотрудник Института демографических исследований Федерального научно-исследовательского социологического центра Российской академии наук; профессор кафедры народонаселения экономического факультета Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова

Fotievoy St., 6-1, Moscow, 119333, Russia; Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia

References

  1. Analitichesky otchet po itogam vyborochnogo nablyudeniya reproduktivnyh planov naseleniya v 2012 godu [Analytical report on the results of the sample study of the reproductive plans of the population in 2012]. URL: https://gks.ru/folder/12781 (In Russ.).
  2. Bauman Z. Individualizirovannoe obshchestvo [The Individualized Society]. Moscow; 2005 (In Russ.).
  3. Bauman Z. Tekuchaya sovremennost [Liquid Modernity]. Saint Petersburg; 2008 (In Russ.)
  4. Vishnevsky A.G. Globalnye determinanty nizkoj rozhdaemosti [Global determinants of low fertility]. Sinergetika. Budushchee mira i Rossii. G.G. Malinetsky (Ed.). Moscow; 2008 (In Russ.).
  5. Vovk E. Stariki v semie: osobennosti mezhpokolencheskogo vzaimodeystviya [Older people in the family: Features of intergenerational interaction]. Otechestvennye Zapiski. 2005; 3 (In Russ.).
  6. Volkov V.N. Postmodern i ego osnovnye kharakteristiki [Postmodern and its main characteristics]. Kulturnoe Nasledie Rossii. 2014; 2 (In Russ.).
  7. Giddens E. Transformatsiya intimnosti. Seksualnost, lyubov i erotizm v sovremennyh obshchestvah [The Transformation of Intimacy. Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies]. Moscow–Saint Petersburg; 2004 (In Russ.).
  8. Gladnikova E.V. Mezhpokolennye transferty: napravlenie, uchastniki i faktory, ikh opredelyayushchie [Intergenerational transfers: Direction, participants and factors]. Sotsialnaya Politika: Ekspertiza, Rekomendatsii, Obzory. 2007; 7 (In Russ.).
  9. Golod S.I. Semiya i brak: Istoriko-sociologichesky analiz [Family and Marriage: Historical-Sociological Analysis]. Saint Petersburg; 1998 (In Russ.).
  10. Gorshkov M.K., Krumm R., Tikhonova N.E. Gotovo li rossijskoe obshchestvo k modernizatsii? [Is the Russian Society Ready for Modernization?]. Moscow; 2010 (In Russ.).
  11. Gurko T.A. Teoreticheskie podhody k izucheniyu semyi [Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Family]. Moscow; 2016 (In Russ.).
  12. Gurko T.A. Novye semeynye formy: tendentsii rasprostraneniya i ponyatiya [New family forms: Trends of Spread and Concepts]. Sociologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2017; 11 (In Russ.).
  13. Gurko T.A., Tarchenko V.S. Dinamika brachnykh ustanovok i planov studentov [Dynamics of the student marriage attitudes and plans]. Sociologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2019; 7 (In Russ.).
  14. Dannye mikroperepisi naseleniya Rossii 2015 goda [Data of the 2015 Russian micro-census]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/micro-perepis/finish/micro-perepis.html (In Russ.).
  15. Dannye Vserossijskoj perepisi naseleniya 2010 goda [Data of the 2010 All-Russian Census]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm (In Russ.).
  16. Zakharov S.V. Perspektivy rozhdaemosti v Rossii. Vtoroj demografichesky perekhod [Fertility prospects in Russia. Second demographic transition]. Otechestvennye Zapiski. 2005; 3 (In Russ.).
  17. Zakharov S.V. Noveyshie tendentsii formirovaniya semyi v Rossii [The latest trends in the family development in Russia]. Mir Rossii. 2007; 4 (In Russ.).
  18. Zakharov S.V. Transformatsiya brachno-parnerskih otnoshenij v Rossii: “zolotoj vek” traditsionnogo braka blizitsya k zakatu [Transformation of the marriage-partnership relations in Russia: The “golden age” of the traditional marriage is coming to an end]. Roditeli i deti, muzhchiny i zhenshchiny v semie i obshchestve. T.M. Maleva, O.V. Sinyavskaya (Eds.). Moscow; 2007 (In Russ.).
  19. Zakharov S.V. Kakoy budet rozhdayemost v Rossii [What the birth rate in Russia will be]. URL: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0495/print.php (In Russ.).
  20. Zelikova Yu.A. Vliyanie sotsialnoy politiki i roditelskikh tsennostey na semeynoe povedenie i vospitanie detey: mezhstranovy analiz [The impact of social policy and parent values on family behavior and parenting: Cross-cultural analysis]. Zhurnal Issledovanij Socialnoj Politiki. 2012; 10 (3) (In Russ.).
  21. Ibragimova D.Kh. Skolko “stoit” rossiyskaya babushka? [How much does the Russian grandmother “cost”?]. Roditeli i deti, muzhchiny i zhenshchiny v semie i obshchestve. T.M. Maleva, O.V. Sinyavskaya (Eds.). Moscow; 2007 (In Russ.).
  22. Kostina E.Yu., Orlova N.A., Panfilova A.O. Sostoyanie sistemy tsennostey kak faktor anomii v sovremennom rossiyskom obshchestve [The state of the value system as a factor of anomie in the contemporary Russian society]. RUDN Journal of Sociology. 2018; 18 (4) (In Russ.).
  23. Kompleksnoe obsledovanie uslovij zhizni naseleniya [Complex study of living conditions]. URL: https://gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/KOUZ16/index.html (In Russ.).
  24. Kuzmina K.A. Transformatsii modeli semyi i potrebnostey v sotsialnoy zashchite v usloviyakh sotsialno-demograficheskikh i sotsialno-ekonomicheskikh peremen [Transformations of the family model and social protection needs under the social-demographic and social-economic changes]. Zhurnal Issledovanij Socialnoj Politiki. 2008; 6 (2) (In Russ.).
  25. Issledovanie “Roditeli i deti” [The study “Parents and children”]. URL: https://www.levada.ru/ 2019/01/28/roditeli-i-deti (In Russ.).
  26. Maleva T.M., Ovcharova L.N. Sotsialnaya modernizatsiya Rossii: teoriya, istoriya, vyzovy [Social modernization of Russia: Theory, history, challenges]. Socialnaya Politika: Ekspertiza, Rekomendatsii, Obzory. 2009; 10 (In Russ.).
  27. Mironova A.A. Rodstvennaya mezhpokolennaya solidarnost v Rossii [Family intergenerational solidarity in Russia]. Sociologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2014; 10 (In Russ.).
  28. Noskova A.B. Novye podkhody v semeynoy politike v kontekste menyayushchikhsya sotsialnykh realiy [New approaches in family policy under the changing social realities]. Socialnaya Politika i Sociologiya. 2016; 5 (In Russ.).
  29. Noskova A.B. Semeynaya tematika v evropeyskoy sotsiologii [Family issues in European sociology]. Sociologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2012; 3 (In Russ.).
  30. Noskova A.B. Novye metodologicheskie podkhody, issledovatelskie fokusy, diskussionnye problemy sotsiologii semyi [New methodological approaches, research foci, and debates in sociology of family]. Sociologicheskie Issledovaniya. 2015; 10 (In Russ.).
  31. Osobennosti rossiyskoy modeli rozhdayemosti [Features of the Russian fertility model]. URL: demoscope.ru/weekly/2010/0417/analit04.php (In Russ.).
  32. Osuzhdayushchih aborty stalo bolshe [The number of condemning abortion has increased]. URL: https://www.levada.ru/2018/01/11/osuzhdayushhih-aborty-stalo-bolshe (In Russ.).
  33. Offitsialny sajt Rosstata [The official website of the Federal State Statistics Service]. URL: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/demography/# (In Russ.).
  34. Prokofieva L., Mironova A. Rol mezhsemeynogo obmena v sisteme materialnoy podderzhki i ukhoda za pozhilymi v sovremennoy Rossii [The role of inter-family exchange in the system of the material support and care for the elderly in contemporary Russia]. Demograficheskoe Obozrenie. 2015; 3 (In Russ.).
  35. Ravenstvo v semie: ot deklaratsij — k realnosti? [Equality in the family: From declarations to reality?]. URL: https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=8981 (In Russ.).
  36. Rostovskaya T.K. Predstavleniya molodykh rossiyan o semeynoy zhizni: sotsiologichesky rakurs [Representations of young Russians about family life: A sociological perspective]. Voprosy Upravleniya. 2015; 3 (In Russ.).
  37. Rostovskaya T.K., Kuchmaeva O.V., Bezverbnaya N.A. Sostoyanie i perspektivy semeynoy politiki v Rossii: sotsialno-demografichesky analiz [The state and prospects of family policy in Russia: Social-demographic analysis]. Ekonomicheskie i Socialnye Peremeny: Fakty, Tendentsii, Prognoz. 2019; 12 (6) (In Russ.).
  38. Semejnye roli. Predstavleniya rossiyan o roli materi i ottsa v semie [Family roles. Representations of Russians about the role of mother and father in the family]. URL: https://fom.ru/Rabota-i-dom/13670 (In Russ.).
  39. Stepanov A.M. Transnatsionalny podkhod v sovremennykh migratsionnykh issledovaniyakh [Transnational approach in the contemporary migration studies]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta. Seriya: Sociologiya. 2018; 11 (1) (In Russ.).
  40. Sukharev A.Ya. , Krutskih V.E., Sukhareva A.Ya. Bolshoj yuridicheskij slovar [Law Dictionary]. Мoscow; 2003 (In Russ.).
  41. Tyndik A.O. Reproduktivnye ustanovki i ikh realizatsiya v sovremennoy Rossii [Reproductive attitudes and their realization in contemporary Russia]. Zhurnal Issledovanij Socialnoj Politiki. 2017; 10 (3) (In Russ.).
  42. Fedotova N.N. Multikulturalizm i politika razvitiya [Multiculturalism and development policy]. Zurnal Sotsiologii i Sotsialnoj Antropologii. 2006; IX (3) (In Russ.).
  43. Chernova Zh., Shpakovskaya L. Molodye vzroslye: supruzhestvo, partnerstvo i roditelstvo. Diskursivnye predpisaniya i praktiki v sovremennoy Rossii [Young adults: Matrimony, partnership and parenthood. Discursive regulations and practices in contemporary Russia]. Laboratorium. 2010; 3 (In Russ.).
  44. Shpakovskaya L.L. Politika institutsializatsii i praktiki privatizatsii semeynoy zhizni: partnerstvo i brak v Rossii [The policy of institutionalization and practices of privatizing family life: Partnership and marriage in Russia]. Zhurnal Issledovanij Socialnoj Politiki. 2017; 10 (3) (In Russ.).
  45. Frejka T. Parity distribution and completed family size in Europe: Incipient decline of the two-child family model? Demographic Research. 2008; 19 (4).
  46. Lesthaeghe R. The unfolding story of the second demographic transition. Population and Development Review. 2010; 2.
  47. Lesthaeghe R. Second demographic transition. URL: http://www.vub.ac.be/SOCO/ron/ final_textSDTBasilBlackwellEncyclop.doc.
  48. Luhmann N. Love as Passion: The Codification of Intimacy. Cambridge; 1986.
  49. Michielin F., Mulder C.H. Geographical distances between adult children and their parents in the Netherlands. Demographic Research. 2007; 17 (22).
  50. Mogi R., Canudas-Romo V. Expected years ever married. Demographic Research. 2018; 38.
  51. Roberts R.E.L., Richards L.N., Bengtson V.L. Intergenerational solidarity in families. S.P. Pfeifer, M.B. Sussman (Eds.). Families: Intergenerational and Generational Connections. New York; 1991.
  52. Shelton N., Grundy E. Proximity of adult children to their parents in Great Britain. International Journal of Population Geography. 2000; 6 (3).
  53. Sobotka T. The diverse faces of the second demographic transition in Europe. Demographic Research. 2008; 19.
  54. Van de Kaa D.J. The second demographic transition revised: Theories and expectations. Population and Family in the Low Countries. Lisse; 1993.

Supplementary files

There are no supplementary files to display.


Copyright (c) 2020 Rostovskaya T.K., Kuchmaeva O.V.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies