RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics

Spiritual well-being is an important facet of mental health, but its motivational foundations in basic personal values remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between spiritual well-being and basic individual values identified by S.H. Schwartz on a large Russian-speaking sample. To this end, a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2024, including 959 persons (females = 79.4%, Mage = 38.6, SD = 14.0). Spiritual well-being was assessed with the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (religious and existential subscales), and values were measured with the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-R2R). Spearman’s correlation analysis and stepwise multivariate linear regression models were used to identify robust value correlates of total spiritual well-being and its components. The participants reported predominantly moderate-to-high spiritual well-being, with religious aspects predominating over existential ones. At the bivariate level, spiritual well-being was most strongly and consistently associated with communityand stability-oriented values (e.g., interpersonal conformity, security, tradition, and universalistic facets) and inversely associated with self-enhancementand pleasure-oriented values (e.g., power, hedonism, and achievement). In multivariate models, interpersonal conformity emerged as the most stable positive predictor for all the components studied; additional unique negative effects for selected value facets (e.g., components of universalism and achievement) appeared after the shared variance among intercorrelated values had been accounted for. Overall, the findings suggest that spiritual wellbeing in this context is primarily anchored in relational harmony, prosocial orientation, and preservation motives rather than statusor pleasure-seeking priorities.

In today’s information society, where IT professionals play a central role, their work, despite its apparent safety, carries specific and not always obvious health risks. The importance of studying these risks is determined by their direct impact on labor producitvity, health and well-being. The purpose of this study is to review and summarize international scientific data on the workplace risks for IT professionals in the context of the WHO Healthy Workplace Model (HWM), as well as to outline a basis for developing a questionnaire to assess organizational-level barriers to healthy behavior. For this purpose, a PRISMA-ScR-compliant scoping review was performed along with a search in Scopus, WoS, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar, followed by a targeted screening of reference lists and citation searches. The P-E-O-S criteria included: IT professionals (P, Population); workplace risks as potential causes of barriers to healthy behavior (E, Exposure/Context); health/well-being outcomes (O, Outcomes); and empirical quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies in English (S, Study Design). Of the more than 500 sources identified, 45 publications were included in the final review. The results have shown that IT professionals face a complex set of risks, despite the formal absence of harmful workplace factors. These risks include physical (musculoskeletal diseases, vision problems, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders) and psychosocial (stress, burnout, poor work-life balance) issues. The physical risks are caused by prolonged sitting, lack of physical activity, and poor workplace ergonomics. The psychosocial risks are associated with high workload, tight deadlines, and blurred digital boundaries. Personal health resources of employees are dual in nature: they depend on corporate health and wellness programs, on the one hand, and on their subjective attitudes toward their own health and overall lifestyle, on the other. Research on the impact of enterprise community involvement on the health and well-being of IT employees remains limited. Distinguishing between workplace risks and barriers to healthy behavior allows for the identification of manageable working conditions as key preventative targets. Using the HWM model, it is possible to make a comprehensive analysis of health risks among IT professionals, providing a deeper understanding of the causes for barriers to healthy behavior in this professional group and creating a substantive basis for questionnaire development.

The relevance of this study is due to the rapid transformation of migration processes in the context of globalization and the formation of multicultural societies. Contemporary realities require rethinking the classical models of migrant adaptation and developing new approaches to integration into the host community. The authors of the paper set the goal of conducting a comprehensive analysis of theoretical approaches and developing a model for the socio-psychological adaptation of migrants in today’s multicultural environment. To test the proposed model, an empirical study was conducted with the participation of 1,132 respondents and the use of a set of psychodiagnostic techniques. The results have made it possible to identify the key factors of successful adaptation, develop a system-dynamic model of socio-psychological adaptation, and establish the nonlinear nature of the adaptation process. The empirical data confirm the existence of three forms of the postadaptation period: (1) successful adaptation, (2) latent maladaptation, and (3) overt maladaptation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the creation of an original adaptation model that takes into account both the individual resources of migrants and the characteristics of the host society. The study expands our understanding of the mechanisms of intercultural interaction and the factors that contribute to the successful integration of migrants. Its practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the results to improve migrant adaptation programs and develop effective integration mechanisms in the multicultural space. The research makes a significant contribution to the development of the theory of intercultural adaptation and the practice of migration management.

The problem of attracting graduates of non-pedagogical higher education institutions to teaching activities is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of the staff shortage in the Russian education system, which reached over 18,000 vacancies at the beginning of the 2023-2024 academic year. The insufficient knowledge of the specific adaptation difficulties experienced by specialists from various fields when moving into the field of education, as well as the lack of a scientifically based model for their professional integration, determine the need for a comprehensive study of this problem. The aim of the study was to identify the main challenges of the adaptation process and determine the factors that facilitate the successful integration of specialists from other fields into teaching. A survey was conducted among 34 graduates of non-pedagogical universities (females = 67.6%) who underwent professional retraining and were working as teachers during the 2023-2024 academic year. Semi-structured expert interviews were also conducted with retraining program directors ( n = 7), educational institution directors ( n = 5), and experienced mentor teachers ( n = 8). The research methods included a standardized survey of students in professional retraining programs, semi-structured expert interviews, and an analysis of the participants’ educational records. It was found that the main difficulties in adapting to teaching activities were insufficient psychological and pedagogical knowledge, poor mastery of teaching methods, and high emotional stress. Moreover, the graduates majoring in natural sciences showed the best adaptation results, while those majoring in economics showed the worst. Positive correlations were found between successful adaptation and the overall duration of the retraining program and the scope of practical training within the program. The results provided scientifically substantiated recommendations for improving retraining programs for teaching staff: (1) increasing the share of practice-oriented components to 60-70%, (2) expanding the program scope to 500-750 hours, and (3) incorporating mandatory individual mentoring. The high level of professional commitment of the participants (88.2% planned to remain in the field of education) during the implementation of improved retraining programs demonstrated the potential of this area for a sustainable solution to the personnel problems of Russian education and confirmed the feasibility of creating a national system of alternative pedagogical certification.

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of Vera S. Sigel (18.11.1885- 20.06.1934), Medicinae Doctor at the University of Lausanne, Chief Physician of the Petrograd Clinical Psychotherapeutic Institute, and author of the ‘Orthopedics of Relations’ method based on the concept of ‘relationship’. The author explores the main stages of the scientist’s development: her studies at the universities in Switzerland and France, and at the Women’s Medical Institute in Russia, her work as Chief Physician, and the development of her own psychotherapeutic method.