Vol 21, No 3 (2017)

In children with psychoneurological disorders, the incidence of tooth decay is significantly higher in comparison with a healthy contingent. Oral fluid has a significant effect on the maintenance of homeostasis of the oral cavity and is a natural functional environment for the organs of the oral cavity. Some physicochemical parameters of the oral fluid are sensitive indicators of comorbid pathology, in par-ticular, neuropsychiatric disorders, and may have prognostic value for assessing the risk of caries develop-ment. The object of the study was children of different ages with psychoneurological disorders: mental retardation, autism, mental retardation, Down's syndrome, infantile cerebral palsy. As a control group, children with dental problems without psychoneurological disorders were examined. The aim of the study was to search for the relationship between the physico-biochemical properties of the oral fluid and the dental caries parameters in children with psychoneurological disorders. To achieve this goal, objective methods of examination with an index assessment of the state of hard tissues of the teeth, as well as deter-mination of the rate of salivation, concentration of chloride anions, and an integral assessment of the state of the antioxidant defense system in the oral cavity using a special coefficient of oxidative modification of biomolecules were used. The results of the study revealed higher rates of caries incidence against the back-ground of a decrease in the rate of oral fluid secretion and the level of chloride anions in comparison with the control group. A reliable inverse correlation between the coefficient of oxidative modification of biomolecules and the rate of secretion of oral fluid of medium severity in children with psychoneurological disorders of both age groups was also revealed, which indicates the effect of disturbance of oral fluid production on the development of local oxidative stress in children with psychoneurological disorders.

In Russia, the number of patients with intestinal stoma continues to grow. The topic of pro-viding rehabilitative care to ostomy patients and the role of the ward nurses in it is insufficiently illuminated. There is no certification of the profession and the system of special medical education for rehabilitative care of ostomy patients for secondary health workers. The structure of the organization of such assistance has not been formed, taking into account the stage of the rehabilitation process, the availability of criteria for the effectiveness and quality of the medical services rendered. The aim of the study is to identify the problems of patients with stomas in the organization of care in a hospital, the development of practical recommendations for nursing care. The studies were carried out by means of a comparative analysis, a questionnaire of 165 ostomy pa-tients on the basis of the departments of two clinics: without specially trained nurses for the care of ostomy patients and a trained medical staff. According to the results of the questionnaire, the author identified the main problems of such patients in the organization of medical rehabilitation care in a hospital. The unique result of the study: the majority of ostomy patients needed the help of specially trained care for the nurse's stoma and additional rehabilitation literature before the ostomy surgery and immediately after the surgery, while in the hospital. The absence of a ward, trained in the care of a nurse's stoma and the knowledge of her stomatherapy standards, reduces the quality of a surgical operation, leads to negative consequences for the patient: stoma complications, psychological problems, poor quality of life. The need for further rehabilitation assistance to ostomy patients after discharge from the hospital has been identified.

Disease prevalence survey is one of the population health estimation methods, which allows finding out previously unrecognized diseases or initial stages of chronic illness. Due to medical care low availability a part of village women diseases remains unrecognized and it results in high level of rural population disability and mortality. Because of the lack of official statistical information on disease incidence of female population, the disease prevalence survey has been performed basing on results of city and village women’s periodic health examination in one of Ufa Out-patient Clinics and in a rural municipal region. The survey results show that prevalence rate of village women’s diseases recognized during periodic health examination is statistics wise significantly higher (1160.2 per 1000 of examined) in comparison with city women (907.8 per 1000 of examined, р < 0,001). Among the recognized diseases the first 2 rank places have been taken by circulatory illnesses and neuropathies for both groups of women, the third place has been occupied by endocrine system diseases for city women and by digestive system diseases for village women. It has been defined that relative index of recognized diseases builds up depending on age, but it is signifi-cantly higher for village women. Thus for age group of 21-36 years old the disease incidence among city women was 637.7 per 1000 people of the relevant age, among village women - 728.1, at age of more than 60 years old - 1200.0 and 1528.4 correspondingly. The number of recognized circulatory, endocrine system, excitatory system diseases, neuropathies, eye and its appendages diseases and others has been increasing for the elderly age groups. The obtained results are implemented in developing of women health care procedures.