EDITOR IN CHIEF: Zhanna D. KOBALAVA, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine with a course of cardiology and functional diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Medical Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; ISSN: 2313-0245 (Print) ISSN: 2313-0261 (online) Founded in 1997. Publication frequency: quarterly PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Open Access: . APC: no article processing charge Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English Indexation: White List, Russian Index of Science Citation, Scopus (Q3 Cite Score), Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat, ResaerchBib, Lens, Research4Life, Dimensions, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, British Library, Bodleian Libraries (University of Oxford), Ghent University Library
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
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Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'RUDN Journal of Medicine' The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0044-09/20-198 dated 29.07.2020, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Medicine', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms. 1. General Terms and Conditions 1.1. 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The Offer Acceptance means a complete and irrevocable acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Clause 3 hereof (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e. by uploading the Article along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Journal means an academic periodical named 'BULLETIN of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series Medicine'. The Application means an electronic request of the Author addressed to the Publisher for publishing the Article in the Journal by uploading the Article and support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet). 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The Term of the Agreement 6.1. This Agreement shall become effective when concluded, i.e. when the Author Accepts the Offer by sending an application to the Publisher, that is, by uploading the Article (Article Upload), and remain in effect for five years. 6.2. The Offer Acceptance constitutes an Agreement made in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Russian Federation Civil Code) under the Offer terms. 6.3. Unless any of the Parties sends to the other Party a written notification of the Agreement termination no later than two months prior to the end of the specified five-year period, the duration of the Publisher's copyright to the Work shall be automatically extended by the similar period. The number of extensions is not limited. 6.4. The term of the Agreement may not exceed the duration of exclusive rights to the Article pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation. 6.5. 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Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers. 10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation. 10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services. 10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article. 11. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University) Address: 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323. Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin
Shaping the future of radiotherapy: the role of electron beams and flash techniques
Relevance. Radiation therapy (RT) remains a cornerstone of oncology, offering targeted treatment for various cancers. With its roots tracing back to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen and radium research by Marie Curie, RT has evolved into a sophisticated field encompassing a range of techniques. However, the rising global cancer burden highlights the need for continuous advancements to enhance efficacy while minimizing collateral damage. Traditional modalities such as X-rays and gamma rays have established their role in cancer treatment, yet they often lead to unintended damage to healthy tissues. Electron therapy has emerged as a promising alternative, leveraging distinct dosimetric properties that enable precise targeting with limited penetration depth. Low-energy electron beams are ideal for superficial tumors, while Very High-­Energy Electrons (VHEEs) extend the reach to deep-seated tumors, rivalling proton and heavy-ion therapies. Furthermore, the FLASH effect — a phenomenon reducing healthy tissue toxicity at ultra-high dose rates, offers a breakthrough in electron therapy, improving patient quality of life. Despite these advancements, challenges persist. Limited penetration depth, secondary radiation from bremsstrahlung, and complexities in dose delivery systems constrain broader clinical adoption. Moreover, unresolved biological uncertainties, such as variability in relative biological effectiveness (RBE), necessitate further research. This review explores the historical evolution, unique benefits, and limitations of electron therapy compared to traditional modalities. It highlights advancements like VHEEs, FLASH therapy, and hybrid approaches, while addressing technological challenges and the future potential of electron beams in oncology. Conclusion. Integrated with recent technological breakthroughs, electron therapy may redefine the future of radiotherapy by offering safer, more precise, and individualized cancer treatment strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Parshenkov M.A., Skovorodko P.P., Petrusevich D.A., Makaeva S.N., Osipova S.G., Ibragimova G.R., Istyagina A.O., Balaeva K.A., Rodionova G.M. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity in medicine and education as a tool for improving the quality of patients’ antitumor treatment
Relevance. Despite the advances in modern medicine, the improvement of treatment methods for many diseases, the overall incidence of cancer, as well as mortality from cancer, remains high. At the same time, the approaches to antitumor treatment themselves often significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, limit their ability to work, which causes certain social and economic damage from these diseases. In this regard, issues of improving the quality of antitumor treatment are among the priority issues in healthcare today. The purpose of this study is to find new possible tools and approaches to improve the quality of antitumor treatment for patients at different levels, including clinical and educational. It is possible to significantly change and improve the quality of oncological care for patients through the tools and technologies of accompanying therapy, including dental support, the clinical significance of which is critically underestimated today. Improving the methods of accompanying therapy is a multidisciplinary problem that can and should be solved exclusively in the context of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists of different profiles. Currently, the development of dental support is limited by a number of factors, such as clinical or organizational, but one of the most significant factors is the insufficient focus on this problem in medical education. Of course, the current pace of development of medicine, the introduction of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, increase the requirements for a modern specialist doctor and require extensive knowledge that goes beyond one discipline, including the presence of interdisciplinary thinking. Conclusion.Thus, the introduction of interdisciplinary approaches in the training of future dentists and doctors specializing in «General Medicine», training students at the intersection of different specialties (oncology and dentistry, dentistry and hematology) can improve the quality of dental support in particular, and the quality of antitumor treatment in general.
Copyright (c) 2025 Avanesov A.M., Titova V.A., Gvozdikova E.N. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Killing potential of circulating neutrophils in renal tumors
Relevance. Currently, the study of the role of neutrophils in the development of renal cancer is of considerable interest. The study of the immunopathogenesis of renal cancer is determined by the need to use combined treatment with immunotherapy. It is known that neutrophils have both pro- and antitumor properties, which are associated with the level of surface receptors CD11b, CD16, CD63, CD66b and the killing activity of neutrophils. The aim of the study was to assess the killing potential of circulating neutrophils in renal tumors. Materials and Methods. The object of the study was circulating neutrophils of patients with verified renal cancer (n = 74), patients with renal benign neoplasms (n = 18) and conditionally healthy donors (n = 22). The study of the phenotype of the isolated neutrophils was carried out by flow cytometry. Neutrophil extracellular traps were counted using the method by I.I. Dolgushin. Results and Discussion. Analysis of the percentage of neutrophil extracellular traps showed an increase in their number in the groups of patients with renal cancer, both stages I–II and III–IV, relative to the control group and the group of patients with renal benign neoplasms. An increase in the neutrophil trap index was found in the groups of patients with renal cancer stages I–II and III–IV relative to the control group and the group of patients with renal benign neoplasms. When assessing the phagocytic activity and the phagocytic activity index, a significant increase in these indicators was found in the groups of patients with renal cancer relative to the control group and the group of patients with renal benign neoplasms. A correlation was found between the percentage of neutrophil extracellular traps (r = 0.438, p = 0.001), the phagocytic activity (r = 0.431, p = 0.001) and the phagocytic activity index (r = 0.507, p = 0.001) of neutrophils and the stage of renal cancer. A significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils expressing CD66b receptors was found both at the initial and widespread stages of renal cancer relative to the group with renal benign neoplasms and the control group. Multivariate Cox regression revealed an increase in the risk of renal cancer with an increase in CD66b expression, the neutrophil extracellular traps index, the phagocytic activity and the phagocytic activity index of circulating neutrophils (R2 = 0.728, χ² = 58.1, p = 0.001). For differential diagnostics between renal benign neoplasms and renal cancer, the percentage of CD66b+ neutrophils, the neutrophil extracellular traps index, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the phagocytic activity indexneutrophils demonstrated statistical significance together. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.983, and could be diagnosed with a probability of 94.3% (Spec. = 0.889, Sens. = 0.962). Conclusion. Thus, an increase in CD66b+ neutrophils and activation of extracellular trap release indicate an increase in the killing activity of neutrophils in renal cancer. Simultaneous determination of the amount of CD66b+ neutrophils, the index of neutrophil extracellular traps, phagocytic activity and the index of phagocytic activity can be used for differential diagnosis between the renal benign neoplasms and renal cancer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Myagdieva I.R., Abakumova T.V., Dolgova D.R., Gorshkov O.Y., Gening T.P., Galieva G.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Elemental homeostasis in children and adolescents after completion of antitumor therapy for malignant neoplasms
Relevance. As medical research develops, more and more attention is being paid to the study of elemental changes in cancer patients not only as a marker of the disease, but also as a possible complication of the disease. The aim was to study changes in the level of essential and toxic trace elements in patients who have undergone antitumor therapy (AT) for malignant neoplasms (MN). Materials and Methods. As part of a retrospective monocenter study, a group of 214 patients from the Russian Field Medical and Rehabilitation Research Center aged 4 to 17 years was formed. All patients were in remission after the completion of antitumor treatment: 107 patients with hemoblastosis and 107 with solid tumors. The age of the participants ranged from 4.2 to 17.6 years, with an average age of 11.4 years. For a comprehensive assessment of the elemental status in children, hair and blood serum were used, measurements were carried out by mass spectrometry after mineralization of the samples. Results and Discussion. The results of the study of hair samples and blood serum showed that the elemental profile of patients after AT has both similar patterns and distinctive features depending on the histological type of tumor. Conclusions. Patients with solid tumors had a higher accumulation of toxic metals compared to samples taken from patients with tumors of the hematopoiesis organs. Nevertheless, no serious specific changes in elemental homeostasis were observed depending on the histological structure. The results obtained emphasize the importance of careful monitoring of homeostasis parameters to prevent the development of complications of antitumor therapy associated with elemental homeostasis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhukovskaya E.V., Lobaeva T.A., Karelin A.F., Korobeynikova T.V., Rumyantsev A.G., Skalny A.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Expression of immune-associated genes in isolated classical monocytes in preeclampsia
Relevance. Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, occurring in 8 % of cases and causing high maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The etiology of preeclampsia is still a subject of research; however, more and more data indicate the involvement of innate immune cells, monocytes, in the pathogenesis of this dangerous pathology. The aim of our work was to study the expression of a number of immune-­associated genes in classical blood monocytes in preeclampsia and physiological pregnancy. Materials and Methods. The work used the methods of gradient centrifugation, magnetic sorting, cytometric analysis, real-time PCR. Results and Discussion. For the first time, an increase in the expression of the pseudogene of the adhesion receptor coupled to the G protein, ADGRE4P, in classical monocytes in preeclampsia is described. A significantly low relative level of expression of the interleukin 8 gene — CXCL8 — in preeclampsia was also revealed. Сonclusion. The role of individual monocytic subpopulations in the development of preeclampsia is still being clarified. It is obvious that monocytes can change the cytokine profile of blood plasma of patients with preeclampsia, enhance the reactions of innate immunity, including inflammation. The chemokine IL8 and the gene encoding it, as well as the pseudogene of the adhesion receptor, can become a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of this dangerous gestational pathology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vishnyakova P.A., Kiseleva V.V., Poltavets A.S., Karyagina V.E., Bagdasarian A.A., Knyazev E.N., Muminova K.T., Khodzhaeva Z.S., Elchaninov A.V., Sukhikh G.T. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of a prognostic scale for assessing the risk of cervicitis based on extracellular microscopy data in Pap tests
Relevance. Cervicitis remains a major health problem worldwide with a global prevalence ranging from 20% to 40% among women attending reproductive health clinics. In Russia, this disease affects approximately 15% to 30% of women of reproductive age. It’s a significant problem requiring a revision of existing medical screening protocols for this population. The high prevalence of cervicitis indicates the need for a more systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment to reduce incidence and prevent possible complications. Materials and Methods. We analyzed data from 2991 studies from the archive of the Laboratory Diagnostics Center of the Medical Complex of the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok for the period 2014–2023. Data analysis included statistical processing, searching for correlation dependencies between numerical and categorical indicators, and building a logistic regression model. The data were checked and validated on a test sample to ensure the representativeness of the results and their application in clinical practice. Results and Discussion. During the study, a mathematical predictive model of logistic regression was developed in the form of a scale for preliminary assessment of the presence of inflammatory processes in the cervix based on parameters including the presence of mucus and key cells, as well as the calculated indicator of the total microbiota. The resulting model demonstrated moderate accuracy in recognizing cervicitis (AUC = 72%), allowing it to be effectively used in practice for the early diagnosis of cervicitis. Conclusion. Mathematical analysis of extracellular elements data can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the presence of changes associated with an increased risk of cervical inflammation. The use of this scale in clinical practice can significantly improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of cervicitis, helping to reduce morbidity and improve women’s reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shcheglov B.O., Lobova T.G., Mikhailova I.V., Reva I.V., Puga D.P., Koval I.P., Shcheglova S.N., Khamoshina M.B., Usov V.V., Stegniy K.V., Gainullina Y.I., Reva G.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The role of type 2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
Relevance. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is classified as a chronic immune-­mediated disease, with its pathogenesis rooted in genetic predisposition and immune response dysregulation, predominantly driven by T2‑inflammatory reactions. This review highlights key aspects of the immunopathogenesis of AD, emphasizing its systemic inflammatory nature linked to T2‑immune dysregulation. This leads to the activation of cytokines such as IL‑4, IL‑5, IL‑13, and IL‑31. The article analyzes modern treatment approaches, including targeted therapy aimed at blocking T2 cytokines, stressing the importance of early intervention to prevent complications and the development of the atopic march. Understanding T2‑inflammation mechanisms opens new opportunities for developing effective personalized therapies for AD. Conclusion. Type 2 inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD, driving chronic inflammation, skin barrier dysfunction, and the clinical manifestations of the disease. Key mediators of T2 inflammation-­including IL‑4, IL‑5, IL‑13, and IL‑31‑regulate the activation of various immune-­competent cells, not only amplifying inflammation but also contributing to the development of pruritus. This, in turn, establishes the self-perpetuating “itch-scratch” cycle, which exacerbates skin damage and further stimulates inflammatory processes. Impaired skin barrier function also facilitates the penetration of allergens and microbial agents, further activating the immune response and worsening disease severity. Studying type 2 inflammation as a central mechanism in AD pathogenesis not only advances our understanding of the disease but also facilitates the development of new therapeutic strategies to control AD and improve patients’ quality of life, which remains a priority in contemporary immunology, allergology, and dermatology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elisyutina O.G., Smolnikov E.V., Chernushevich D.D., Litovkina A.O., Byazrova M.G., Levkova E.A., Fedenko E.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of mydriasis degree on intraoperative complications in patients with complicated cataract associated with pseudoexfoliative syndrome
Relevance. Cataract is one of the causes of blindness and low vision among the pathology of the organ of vision. Medication to cure cataracts is extremely ineffective. According to statistics, over the past year, there are about a million patients diagnosed with cataracts. The main method of surgical treatment of cataracts is phacoemulsification. The main cause of a narrow pupil with lens opacities is pseudoexfoliative syndrome, which affects the development of the disease, both in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mydriasis on intraoperative complications in patients with complicated cataract in PES. Materials and Methods. The study involved 176 patients of varying severity of PES and a control group without signs of PES. Patients underwent ophthalmological diagnostics (visometry, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, CCFM, ruler for measuring pupil diameter, pneumotonometry, IOP according to A.N. Maklakov, 10g weight, OST of the anterior segment). In addition to ophthalmological examinations, all patients underwent anamnesis and laboratory tests before surgery according to generally accepted methods. Preoperative preparation of the patient included both drug therapy and a psychological aspect. Particular importance was attached to premedication. All patients in all study groups were prescribed a sedative (per os) 1 hour before surgery. In all observation groups, in order to achieve the cycloplegia required during the operation, instillations of mydriatics were performed according to the scheme. Results and Discussion. Evaluation of the results revealed that the degree of mydriasis is a statistically significant risk factor for the development of all complications except “conjunctiva”. For the conjunctiva, no statistically significant risk factors were found among the selected parameters. AUC for ROC curves are in the range of 0.7–0.9 for all complications, which indicates a good and satisfactory choice of model parameters. In the “photophobia” regression, the risk of developing complications is 6 higher with mydriasis up to 5 mm in the postoperative period, and 26 times higher to get a complication with mydriasis less than 4 mm. In the regression of “chamber moisture” — the moisture of the anterior and posterior chambers, the risk of developing turbid fluid is 353 times higher with mydriasis less than 4 mm, and 27 times higher with mydriasis up to 5 mm. Conclusion. The characteristic signs of pseudoexfoliation syndrome undoubtedly complicate the surgeon’s work: rigid narrow pupil, ciliary muscle weakness, iridodonesis, phacodonesis. When planning cataract surgery, special attention should be paid to diagnosis, history taking in terms of general somatic features, and the choice of mydriatics. This work showed how much the degree of mydriasis can influence complications in the intraoperative period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bekmirova B.B., Frolov M.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of sensorimotor training in different social conditions of men’s and women’s activities in mono-gender dyads
Relevance. Investigation the features of human achievement of the results of purposeful activity in different conditions of social interactions is relevant and of high significance. The importance of this issue is underscored by the need to equip businesses with skilled professionals who possess the necessary competencies, including social abilities, in line with the evolving demands of the modern world, and also to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. Furthermore, it is crucial to safeguard the psychosomatic health of the general public, which is heavily influenced by societal factors throughout their lives and work relationships. The aim of the study was to examine changes in performance measures of sensorimotor training in different social contexts of activity in same-sex male and female pairs. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five pairs of men and 63 pairs of women (age 19 years 7 months ± 3 months) were examined, using the sensorimotor training “Columns” of the hardware-­software complex “BOS-Kinesis” (Neurotech LLC, Taganrog, Russia). The research protocol included performing the tasks in different social contexts: individually, competitively, and collaboratively with a partner in conditions with and without feedback from participants’ actions. Results and Discussion. Three groups of subjects were identified according to the indicator of maximum performance in three individual trainings: high-, medium-, and low-performers. In competition, an increase in productivity was observed in the latter two groups. Sex differences were found in the proportion of subjects with initially low performance who improved performance in competition: their % was significantly lower among men than in the sample of women. In interpersonal sensorimotor coordination with feedback from partners’ actions, males had a significant decrease in personal performance and pair integral outcome measures, in contrast to female dyads. In cooperation without feedback from participants’ actions, a decrease in personal and integral performance was found for all pairs of subjects, but it was more significant in male dyads. Conclusion. Changes in result indicators in the joint contexts in dyads of subjects were determined by their initial individual performance levels and differed significantly between male and female pairs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Murtazina E.P., Galushka E.S., Ermakova O.I., Zotova O.M., Markovtseva M.A., Trifonova N.Y., Pertsov S.S. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0