EDITOR IN CHIEF: Zhanna D. KOBALAVA, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine with a course of cardiology and functional diagnostics named after V.S. Moiseev, Medical Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia; ISSN: 2313-0245 (Print) ISSN: 2313-0261 (online) Founded in 1997. Publication frequency: quarterly PUBLISHER: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University) Open Access: . APC: no article processing charge Peer-Review: double blind. Publication language: Russian, English Indexation: White List, Russian Index of Science Citation, Scopus (Q3 Cite Score), Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat, ResaerchBib, Lens, Research4Life, Dimensions, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, British Library, Bodleian Libraries (University of Oxford), Ghent University Library
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)
The right of authorship belongs to the authors of articles. The authors transfer the rights to use the article (including the use and distribution of an article in the Open Access) to the publisher of the journal on a non-exclusive license (Publishing Agreement (Public Offer)). At the same time, authors remain full rightsholders. Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'RUDN Journal of Medicine' The Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University), represented by the Vice-Rector for Scientific Work Andrey Aleksandrovich Kostin, acting under a Power of Attorney No 0044-09/20-198 dated 29.07.2020, hereinafter referred to as the Publisher, on the one hand, hereby offers to the public at large, hereinafter referred to as the Author, on the other hand, hereinafter collectively referred to as the Parties, to enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as the Agreement, regarding publication of scholarly materials, hereinafter referred to as the Article, in the Journal named 'RUDN Journal of Medicine', hereinafter referred to as the Journal, under the following terms. 1. General Terms and Conditions 1.1. Pursuant to Clause 2 of the Article 437 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Agreement shall be recognized as the public offer, hereinafter referred to as the Offer. Subject to Article 438 of the Russian Federation Civil Code, this Offer shall be deemed to have been completely and irrevocably accepted after the Author had submitted his/her materials by uploading those onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Information and Communication Network known as the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Internet. 1.2. Pursuant to the Russian Federation effective law as applicable to compliance with the copyright to electronic information resources, no materials from any site, electronic journal or project may be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, either in a hard or soft copy, without a prior consent from the Journal's authors and editorial staff, which may be expressed by posting a respective consent (open license Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 CC BY-NC) in the relevant section of the Journal's site on the Internet. Whenever any published materials are used within the context of other documents, a reference to the original source needs to be specified. 1.3. The Journal is registered by the Federal Oversight Service for Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Communications (RosKomNadzor). 2. Terms Used in This Agreement The Author is an individual (or individuals) whose creative labor has produced the Article. The Offer Acceptance means a complete and irrevocable acceptance of the Offer under the terms specified in Clause 3 hereof (the Author accepts the Offer by submitting an application to the Publisher, i.e. by uploading the Article along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the respective section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Journal means an academic periodical named 'BULLETIN of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series Medicine'. The Application means an electronic request of the Author addressed to the Publisher for publishing the Article in the Journal by uploading the Article and support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet). The Publisher is the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN), being the Journal's founder and publisher. The Article's Metadata means any materials in Russian and English intended to be included into the Science Citation database as per the original version of the Article such as the Article title; authors' details (full last name, first name, patronymic, present employer of each author with indication of the postal code, contact details (e-mail) of each author; abstract; keywords; topical classifications: UDC or any other bibliographic and library classification, and subject indices; bibliography (list of references). The Offer means this document (offer to the Author) to publish an Article by uploading it onto the site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet. The Publication means the act of publishing the Article in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Staff means a creative team engaged in preparing the Journal for publication. The Editorial Board is an advisory body of the Journal's Editorial Office. The Article means a result of fundamental and applied scholarly efforts in the form of a scholarly material, scientific review material, scientific message, bibliographical review on specific topics of the scholarly study, and background information on Russian and foreign scientists submitted by the Author for publication in the Journal. The Parties mean the Author and the Publisher. The Article Requirements mean requirements to the materials published in the Journal's section named "To Authors" of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/about/submissions#authorGuidelines on the Internet. The Service means publication of the Article in the Journal as per the Author's application. 3. Subject Matter of the Agreement (Offer) 3.1. Subject to this Agreement, the Author shall provide the Publisher at no expense for the copyright duration as stated by the Russian Federation legislation with a non-exclusive license for use of the Author-created Article for the purpose of its publication in the Journal. 3.2. The rights to use this Article as assigned hereunder shall include but not limited to: reproduction of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English in any material form whatsoever, including soft and hard copy forms, as an individual work product in periodicals and/or databases (whether local or web-based) owned by the Publisher and/or any other persons at the discretion of the Publisher; dissemination of the Article or any part thereof, as well as its metadata in Russian and English on any media as part of the Journal and/or databases owned by the Publisher or any other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher, or as an individual work product, worldwide via open access or by subscription without payment of any fee to the Author; making public the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English so that any person could access the Article from any location and at any time of his/her choice (including via the Internet); issuing permissions to use the Article or any part thereof as well as its metadata in Russian and English to any third parties while notifying the Author by publishing the respective information on the Journal's site without payment of any fee to the Author; processing, including translation of the Article (including translation into foreign languages), and use of the processed (translated) Article in any manner specified above; any other rights, not expressly assigned to the Publisher hereunder, including patent rights to any processes, techniques or methods, and other means, described by the Author in the Article, as well as trademark rights, shall be retained by the Author. 3.3. No territorial restrictions will be applied to the use of rights to the Article. 3.4. This Agreement shall become effective from the time the Article is submitted to the Journal, i.e. uploaded along with support materials onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet, hereinafter referred to as the Article Upload. 3.5. The rights shall be assigned by the Author to the Publisher at no expense, and the Article publication in the Journal shall not result in any financial contribution to the Author. 3.6. If the Publisher decides to refuse to publish the Article in the Journal, this Agreement shall cease to be in force. A decision to refuse publication shall be sent to the Author via the e-mail address specified in the Application. 3.7. The Publisher undertakes, throughout the currency of this Agreement, to provide to the Author the services associated with publication of the Article on the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine on the Internet. 4. General Terms of the Services Provision 4.1. The Publisher shall provide the services to the Author only if: the Author submits all materials compliant with the Offer requirements by way of the Article Upload; the Author Accepts the Offer. 4.2. The services shall be provided to the Author free of charge. 4.3. If any materials submitted by the Author are found in breach of rules and requirements of this Offer, the Publisher shall have a right to refuse to publish those. 4.4. The Publisher shall not be responsible for any third-party unauthorized use of the data provided by the Author during the currency of this Agreement. 5. Rights and Responsibilities of the Parties 5.1. The Author warrants that: he/she is the valid holder of exclusive rights to the Article; rights granted to the Publisher hereunder were not earlier assigned and will not be assigned to any third parties prior to publication of the Article by the Publisher in the Journal; the Article contains all the references to cited authors and/or sources (materials) that are required by the effective copyright law; the Author has obtained all required licenses to results, facts and other borrowed materials used in the Article where the Author is not a copyright holder; the Article does not contain any materials that may not be published in public sources in accordance with the effective Russian Federation statutory instruments, and the Article publication and dissemination will not involve any disclosure of classified (confidential) information, including state secrets; the Author has familiarized himself with the editorial policy and ethical principles published on the Journal website (http://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/about/editorialPolicies) and the consequences of violating these principles, has advised other Co-authors of the terms of this Agreement and has received consents from all the Co-authors to conclude this Agreement under the terms hereunder. 5.2. The Author undertakes to: submit a manuscript of the Article as per the Requirements to articles; avoid using the soft copy of the Article produced by the Publisher for commercial purposes and in other periodicals; while preparing the Article for publication, the Author undertakes to: make edits specified by readers and approved by the Journal's Editorial Office in the text of the Article and/or revise the Article following the Publisher's request, where necessary; proofread the Article within the timeframes specified in the Journal publication schedule; make only such edits in the proof that are minimally required to correct errors made in the Article original and/or introduce factual and momentary changes. 5.3. The Author is entitled to: pass to any third party a soft copy of the published Article provided by the Publisher pursuant to Clause 5.4 hereof for the Article to be incorporated, in whole or in part, into a scientific information database or repository in order to promote academic or scholarly investigations or for informational and educational purposes subject to the Author, Journal and Publisher being properly referenced. 5.4. The Publisher undertakes to: publish the Author's Article, in soft or hard copy form, in the Journal in accordance with the terms hereof; provide the Author with the proof of the Article and make reasonable edits as requested by the Author, where required, following the Journal's Editorial resolution; provide the Author with the soft copy of the published Article by sending it to the Author's e-mail address within 15 business days of the Journal issue's publication; respect the Author's rights established by the effective law, protect those and use best endeavors to prevent any copyright infringements by third parties. 5.5. The Publisher is entitled to: carry out technical and literary editing of the Article such that its basic content would remain unchanged; review the Article and suggest appropriate changes to the Author, and elect not to publish the Article if the Author fails to introduce such changes; require from the Author and/or other persons that the Journal, Publisher, Author and any other copyright holder, as well as the title of the Article, Journal issue identification and a year of publication as specified in the Journal be properly referenced whenever the Journal and/or the Article, including any individual part or fragment thereof, are used by any of the above-mentioned individuals thereafter; publish preliminary and/or advertising information on the forthcoming publication of the Article in mass media and any other information sources; establish rules (conditions) for acceptance and publication of materials in the Journal. The Journal's Editorial Board, headed by the Editor-in-Chief, shall enjoy an exclusive right to accept and/or reject any materials submitted to the Journal's Editorial Office for publication purposes. No manuscript (tangible medium) submitted by the Author to the Journal's Editorial Office will be subject to return. The Journal's Editorial Staff will not enter into any correspondence regarding the rejection of the Article by the Journal's Editorial Board; suspend provision of services to the Author hereunder temporarily for technical, technological and other reasons preventing the services from being provided for the duration of remedial activities; suspend services hereunder in accordance with civil procedures if: the Article does not correspond to the topics covered by the Journal or by any part thereof, or the submitted material is found insufficient for the individual publication, or the Article design is found at variance with the requirements imposed; the Author is in breach of any other obligations assumed under the Offer arrangement; introduce changes to the Offer as per the procedure established by the Offer. 5.6. Unless otherwise provided or stated herein, the Parties shall refer to the effective legislation of the Russian Federation. 6. Offer Acceptance and Conclusion of the Agreement. The Term of the Agreement 6.1. This Agreement shall become effective when concluded, i.e. when the Author Accepts the Offer by sending an application to the Publisher, that is, by uploading the Article (Article Upload), and remain in effect for five years. 6.2. The Offer Acceptance constitutes an Agreement made in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Russian Federation Civil Code) under the Offer terms. 6.3. Unless any of the Parties sends to the other Party a written notification of the Agreement termination no later than two months prior to the end of the specified five-year period, the duration of the Publisher's copyright to the Work shall be automatically extended by the similar period. The number of extensions is not limited. 6.4. The term of the Agreement may not exceed the duration of exclusive rights to the Article pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation. 6.5. Whenever the Author assigns (disposes of) its exclusive rights to the Work to any third party, this Agreement shall remain in effect. 7. Agreement Modification and Termination Procedure 7.1. The Publisher shall have a right to unilaterally modify the terms of this Agreement by giving a prior notice to the Author, at least ten (10) calendar days before such modifications become effective, to the Author's e-mail address specified in the Author's application or via the Journal's site. These modifications shall become effective from the date specified in the respective notice. 7.2. If the Author disagrees with any modification in the terms of this Agreement, the Author shall have a right to submit a written notice of his/her withdrawal from this Agreement by uploading it onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review, available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://journals.rudn.ru/index.php/medicine/author/submit/1 on the Internet. 7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early: at any time by mutual agreement of the Parties; or otherwise as stipulated herein. 7.4. The Author shall have a right to cancel this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a respective notice in writing at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the intended date of the Author's Article publication in the Journal. 7.5. The termination of this Agreement for any reasons shall not release the Parties from responsibility for breach of any Agreement terms during the currency hereof. 8. Liability 8.1. A Party which has failed to perform its obligations under this Agreement, either in full or in part, shall be held liable pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation in force. 8.2. All the data provided by the Author shall be trustworthy. The Author shall be responsible for completeness and reliability of the data provided to the Publisher. The use of untrustworthy information obtained from the Author shall not entail any responsibility upon the Publisher for any adverse effects resulting from its actions based on such untrustworthy information. 8.3. The Author shall take full personal responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Russian Federation law on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights. 8.4. The Publisher shall not be held responsible hereunder for: any actions resulting directly or indirectly from the actions of the Author; any loss incurred by the Author whether or not the Publisher was in a position to predict such loss. 8.5. The Publisher shall be relieved from any responsibility for non-compliance with the terms of this Agreement if such non-compliance is a result of a force-majeure event such as an act of state authorities, including adoption of legal instruments, fire, flood, earthquake, other natural calamities, loss of power and/or computer network failure, strikes, civil commotions, riots, and any other similar events. 9. Dispute Resolution Procedure 9.1. Any disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties by negotiations, and if the Parties fail to reach an agreement, these shall be resolved in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 9.2. If any disagreements remain unresolved, the Parties shall settle those at the location of the Publisher in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation. 10. Miscellaneous 10.1. Any notifications, messages, requests etc., excluding documents which need to be forwarded in original form pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation, shall be deemed to have been received by the Author, if delivered (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal's site, including by publishing those, by fax or e-mail specified in the Application, or using other communication facilities. The Parties acknowledge validity of notifications, messages, requests etc. delivered (sent) using the above-listed methods. 10.2. Where the Publisher becomes subject to any claims related to non-compliance with an exclusive copyright or other intellectual property right of any third party during the writing of the Article or in connection with conclusion of this Agreement by the Author, the Author undertakes to: immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants; reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder. 10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers. 10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation. 10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services. 10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article. 11. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education "Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba” (RUDN University) Address: 6 Mikluho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation TIN 7728073720, CRR 772801001, PSRN 1027739189323. Vice Rector for Scientific Work A.A. Kostin
Single cell RNA sequencing: modern approaches and achievements
Relevance. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a modern approach to studying the diversity and heterogeneity of RNA transcripts in individual cells, as well as to identifying the composition of different cell types and functions in organisms, organs, and tissues. Based on NGS (next-generation sequencing), scRNA-seq provides a vast amount of information at high cellular resolution in various fields, enabling new discoveries in understanding the composition and interaction patterns of individual cell types in humans, animal models, and plants. Despite its rapid development, optimization, and automation worldwide over the past 15 years, scRNA-seq remains relatively new and has only recently been used in Russia. The challenge of mastering and successfully implementing this method is urgent and critical - it is a powerful tool for in-depth analysis and diagnostics, as demonstrated by the results of studies in which it has been used. The aim of the review was to examine the basic principles and steps of scRNA-seq implementation, both in terms of technical implementation and sample preparation as an extension of the classic NGS method, as well as in terms of the complexity and expansion of data processing, and the use of new algorithms and databases. We examined commercially available scRNA-seq technologies and technologies described in scientific literature that have served as prototypes and alternatives. We also examined examples and results of the use of such technologies in various fields of science and medicine, such as oncology, senescence, diagnostics, and clinical trials. Conclusion. Development and successful application of the scRNA-seq method in scientific and clinical practice will become the key to a wide range of future discoveries and successful accurate personalized diagnostics and healthcare.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gusev A.E., Chernov P.V., Dmitriev N.A., Kofiadi I.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Neuroprotective effect of extracellular vesicles obtained from human glial derivatives on the model of glutamate excitotoxicity
Relevance. Modern research in the field of biomedicine leads to the development of therapeutic drugs based on extracellular vesicles, which are defined as sources of production, as well as targeted modification. In the presented work, for the first time, transcriptome profiling of primary culture of cortical neurons under the influence of extracellular vesicles obtained from glial cells during glutamate excitotoxicity was carried out in order to determine differentially expressed genes. Materials and Methods. Extracellular vesicles were obtained from the conditioned medium of human glial progenitor cells using ultracentrifugation. Model of glutamate excitotoxicity, distributed on the first cultured cortical neurons of cells (P0) with the addition of 100 μM glutamate. Sequencing of prepared libraries of electronic technologies on the NextSeq 1000 platform (Illumina, USA) using the NextSeq 1000/2000 P2 (200 cycles) v3 reagent kit supplemented with 2 % Phix (Illumina) as an internal control. The criterion for statistical innovation of gene expression change between officially recognized FDR< 0.05. Results and Discussion. Transcriptome analysis showed that the addition of extracellular vesicles during glutamate excitotoxicity leads to increased expression of 190 genes and decreased expression of 309 genes (p value < 0.05 and |FC|< 1.5). Gene analysis using the Gene Onthology database showed that genes with increased expression are consistently classified by biological processes. The most represented were: regeneration, reorganization of the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, maintenance of homeostasis, activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and response to cellular stress. Genes with reduced expression were consistently classified into groups: calcium transport, regulation of neuronal processes, apoptosis, glutathergic synapse. These data can indicate that. Extracellular vesicles trigger survival processes in nerve cells when exposed to glutamate and inhibit pathways associated with the entry of substances and glutamate into the cell. Conclusions. Extracellular vesicles enhance the expression of genes with survival and inhibit genes, resulting in calcium transport and apoptosis. The results of the study show the promise of using extracellular vesicles of glial origin as a basis for developing new therapeutic approaches to individual neurological diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shedenkova M.O., Gurianova A.A., Sudina A.K., Guguchin E.P., Karpulevich E.A., Fatkhudinov T.K., Goldstein D.V., Salikhova D.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Biological and psychological approach to familial hypercholesterolemia
Relevance. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic hereditary disorder characterized by impaired lipid metabolism. The prevalence of FH in the general population averages 0.32% (95% CI: 0.26-0.39%). The disease can have both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance patterns. Eight FH phenotypes associated with mutations in the LDLRAP1, PCSK9, APOA2, APOB, GHR, GSBS, EPHX2, and LDLR genes are known, which can lead to early manifestation of the pathology. The aim of this review is to comprehensively analyze current literature data on the molecular genetics, biological, and psychological aspects of FH. Analysis of signaling pathways in FH revealed three clusters of genes and their encoded proteins responsible for the following processes: assembly, remodeling, and clearance of plasma lipoproteins (genes: LDLR, LDLRAP1, VLDLR, NPC1L1, APOC1, LPA, CETP, MTTP, APOB, PCSK9); cholesterol metabolism (gene: PPP1R17);regulation of plasma lipoprotein particle levels (gene: ANGPTL3). The proteins PCSK9, APOB, and MTTP were identified as key elements (central hubs) of these metabolic networks. The PPP1R17 protein is involved in the mechanisms of long-term depression, a form of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, the literature describes an association of FH with five other genes: ABCG5, ABCG8, STAP1, CYP7A1, LIPA, and PNPLA5. Conclusion. Thus, for the early diagnosis and effective management of patients with FH, it is necessary to consider not only the expanded spectrum of associated genes and proteins but also the psychological state of patients, particularly their levels of anxiety, depression, and stress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tskhovrebova L.V., Aghajanyan A.V., Bekoeva D.D., Kurevlev S.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A familial case of Marfan syndrome: a novel variant in the FBN1 gene
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary connective tissue disorder characterized by marked pleiotropy and clinical variability. The main disease manifestations involve three systems: skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in the FBN1 gene, which encodes fibrillin-1, a protein essential for the formation and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. This article describes a familial case (the proband and his father) with clinical manifestations of Marfan syndrome. Whole-genome sequencing of the proband and his father revealed a previously unreported variant, c.5782T>A, p.(Cys1928Ser), in the FBN1 gene. Thus, a molecular genetic diagnosis of Marfan syndrome was established by identifying this novel pathogenic variant. Conclusion. A confirmed diagnosis at both the clinical and molecular genetic levels in both patients determines the further therapeutic strategy and enables timely primary and secondary disease prevention within the family.
Copyright (c) 2025 Stepanenko V.I., Zhalsanova I.Z., Fonova E.A., Erburova D.N., Gosudarkina S.N., Ravzhaeva E.G., Fadyushina S.V., Nikitina A.A., Seitova G.N., Klimchuk O.I., Stepanov V.A., Skryabin N.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Tumor models in the investigation of oral cancer pathogenesis and treatment development
Relevance. Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers among neoplasms of the head and neck. Oral cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis, a lack of specific biomarkers and highly effective targeted treatment. Experimental model systems are needed to study oral cancer pathogenesis and develop new treatments. Understanding the molecular features of oral cancer represents one of the key steps in developing new therapeutic strategies. A wide range of biological models is currently available, but their versatility is limited. Experimental models for studying oral cancer have evolved from cell cultures to in vivo systems that mimic pathological processes and the tumor-stroma interactions. Here, we summarized the available information on the current state of experimental oral cancer systems. In vitro models include immortalized and primary cell lines, spheroids and organoids, whereas in vivo models are represented by syngeneic and xenogeneic models, immunocompromised, immunocompetent, humanized, and genetically engineered animals. In vitro models are effective in studying the biology of oral tumors and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy due to high reproducibility and speed of obtaining results. Existing cell lines are widely used for fundamental and translational research and serve as a crucial component in preclinical trials. In vivo models are used in phase II of preclinical research in drug development and thus represent a transitional stage to clinical trials. Conclusion. Despite significant progress in the development of variousexperimental models, each of them has its own advantages and limitations. There is no universal model that allows for the complete extrapolation of the obtained results to the human body. Therefore, when planning research, it is crucial to select carefully the most suitable biological models based on the objectives at hand.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tretyakova M.S., Prostakishina E.A., Kolegova E.S., Choinzonov E.L., Denisov E.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Therapeutic activity of proinflammatory macrophages in endometriosis is driven by their antiproliferative and proapoptotic action
Relevance. Despite longstanding recognition of endometriosis, there’s an absence of effective treatment. Existing treatments carry significant risk, so research into cell therapy is gaining popularity. Macrophages are a promising agent. A previous study using an animal model demonstrated that introducing proinflammatory macrophages led to a significant reduction in endometriosis lesions. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of macrophages with a proinflammatory phenotype introduced into an animal model on the proliferation and survival of cells in endometriosis lesions. Materials and Methods. A syngeneic model of endometriosis was obtained in female C57Bl/6 mice by intraperitoneal transplantation of uterine fragments from a donor mouse. RAW264.7 mouse macrophages were utilized as the cellular agent. The animals were then divided into groups: “Control” comprised mice that did not receive macrophage therapy; “Control of therapy” comprised mice that received unpolarized RAW264.7 macrophages; and “Therapy” comprised mice with endometriosis that were injected with RAW264.7 macrophages with a proinflammatory phenotype. Results and Discussion. Consequently, the administration of macrophages with a proinflammatory phenotype resulted in a significant decrease in the production of the proliferation marker protein Ki-67 and a significant increase in the production of effector caspase 3 in the cells of endometriosis lesions compared to the “Control” group. Concurrently, the level of production of the tumor suppressor protein p53, which is involved in the initiation of apoptosis in cells, was comparable to that in the“Control” group. This is in contrast to the group of animals that received unpolarized macrophages. Conclusion. We found that the anti-endometriosis activity of macrophages with a proinflammatory phenotype is associated with the fact that their introduction suppressed the proliferation of endometriosis cells and enhanced their apoptotic death through the activation of p53 and caspase 3.
Copyright (c) 2025 Artemova D.A., Elchaninov A.V., Vishnyakova P.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Results of a comprehensive drug addiction triptych among Moscow teenagers
Relevance. One of the objectives of the Anti-Drug Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 23, 2020 № 733, is to improve the drug situation monitoring system, increase the efficiency and objectivity of research in the field of drug control. The document also states that the legal regulation of drug trafficking and anti-drug activities should be carried out taking into account the analysis of the drug situation. Along with monitoring drug use, it is extremely important to study the situation with the use of nicotine-containing substances and alcohol (RF Government Resolution of 20.06.2011 № 485). The study of this problem among the teenage population both in Russia and abroad is of particular relevance for the socio-demographic stability of society. The aim. To conduct a comprehensive monitoring of the drug situation among the adolescent population of the city of Moscow. Materials and Methods. The data for Moscow served as the material for the comprehensive study: medical statistics of the narcological service, the results of an anonymous survey of first-year college students, pilot interviewing of experts - specialists of the Moscow drug addiction service, working in the field of prevention of addictive behavior among children and adolescents. Results and Discussion. A comprehensive study was conducted in the period 2016-2023. A trend of decreasing primary appeals of adolescents for drug addiction treatment was revealed, which is primarily due to a reduction in the group of alcohol consumers, despite this, in general, the situation with adolescent abuse of psychoactive substances remains serious. Conclusion. In connection with the obtained results, it is advisable to conduct further comprehensive monitoring of the drug situation among students (teenagers) and develop, on its basis, proposals for preventive measures among children, teenagers and young people, including in the educational environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abramov A.Y., Alekseenko A.O., Koshkina E.A., Kicha D.I., Arshinova V.V., Shchepanskaya L.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Oral microbiota importance in the development and prognosis of oropharyngeal region oncological diseases
Relevance. Despite many years of scientific research and clinical results, cancer remains a global health problem. In recent years, there has been an increased interest in studying the role of microorganisms in the occurrence, prognosis and progression of cancer. The probability of isolating carcinogenic microorganisms in the oral microbiota is quite high. In this regard, understanding the role of microorganisms in the occurrence and course of cancer pathology in the future can contribute to the development of innovative strategies for the prevention, treatment of malignant neoplasms and minimization of complications of antitumor treatment. The purpose of this review is a literature analysis of the relationship between representatives of the human oral microbiota in the occurrence and prognosis of cancer. Collection and analysis of 1050 scientific papers using PubMed, Google Scholar and eLIBRARY search engines, published from 2003 to 2024, of which 47 papers are included in this literature review. According to the literature analysis, prevention, diagnostics and treatment of oncological diseases can and should be supplemented by dental approaches aimed at normalizing the microflora. Understanding that oral sanitation significantly reduces its bacterial contamination and, as a result, reduces the number of pathogenic and oncogenic microorganisms can improve the quality of antitumor treatment without significant material and social costs. Conclusion. The use of modern methods of diagnostics and monitoring of oral microbiota in dentistry can become the basis for the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa. Integration of these data into clinical practice requires interdisciplinary cooperation between oncologists, microbiologists and dentists to improve the prognosis of patient treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Avanesov A.M., Gvozdikova E.N., Simionidi Y., Titova V.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Problems of the dental health in kids from foster families
Relevance. Dental diseases of the mouth, affecting children of various ages - a nationwide problem of modern society and directly health care. Moreover, the risk of the occurrence and progression of dental diseases among children from socially vulnerable groups is higher, which requires the search for new methods of prevention and treatment. In connection with the increase in the proportion of refused children, the study of the state of health, including dental morbidity, is of particular interest. The aim of the work was to study dental health and the spread of major dental diseases in children in new adoptive families. Materials and Methods. To study dental morbidity in adopted orphans, preventive examinations were carried out in the process of circulation on the basis of dental medical organizations in Kazan in order to identify the main dental diseases, as well as during routine examinations in preschool institutions. The examined children were ranked according to age and gender differences, a total of 35 preschool children took part in the study. Results and Discussion. During the examination of the mouth in children, non-carious dental diseases, cases of manifestations of dentoalveolar pathology, as well as lesions of caries and its complications were revealed. Conclusion. The results obtained on the high prevalence of dental diseases among children from foster families indicate a steady increase in caries and its complications, jugular anomalies, non-carious dental diseases in childrenat special risk due to unfavorable living conditions, aggravated heredity, psychological injuries, nutritional deficiencies, as well as social orphanage, which in general represents a socially significant problem for modern health care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Khadyeva M.N., Galiullin A.N., Blashkova S.L. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Contribution of Sir Charles Bell to medicine
Relevance. Knowledge of scientific concepts and achievements of the past provides an informative basis for modern research. Moreover, these achievements are filled with the greatest meaning if they are associated with a specific person and the time in which they occurred. Thus, knowledge of the history of science allows us not to neglect the intellectual heritage of past generations and turn it into potential for the development of modern research. In one of his speeches, Nobel laureate Sir Andrew Huxley noted that if he had familiarized himself with the literature of the 19th century in more detail, he would have been able to successfully complete some of his research much faster and more effectively. It must be said that the 19th century gave humanity a whole galaxy of the greatest scientists who made truly fateful discoveries. Our article is dedicated to one of such scientists - Sir Charles Bell (1774-1842), an outstanding Scottish surgeon, anatomist and experimental physiologist. Results of study. In the course of his scientific, teaching and practical medical activities, Bell implemented his accumulated knowledge and experience in the publication of many treatises that remain relevant to this day. Charles Bell applied his talent as an artist in anatomy, personally illustrating magnificent treatises written in collaboration with his older brother, the famous surgeon John Bell, and in surgery (more precisely, in military field surgery), sketching the wounded after the Battle of Waterloo. The scientist also made an invaluable contribution to the development of neurology. Thus, the name of Charles Bell is immortalized in the name of the long thoracic (or «external respiratory») nerve, in the description of lower motor neuron palsy of the facial nerve, and in the «Bell’s sign», when the eyeball rolls upward when trying to close the eye. His description of the differences between the fifth and seventh cranial nerves, as well as the definition of the morpho-functional characteristics of the anterior and posterior roots of the spinal cord as Bell’s law, are widely known. For his invaluable contribution to science, Charles Bell was awarded the gold medal of the Royal Society and made a knight of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order. Conclusion. The statement of the great Russian surgeon N.I. Pirogov, «Everything that is high in the world is art, inspiration and science…» is the most appropriate description of his contemporary Charles Bell, who combined these three hypostases. It is important to note that the reflex theory, whose founder is considered to be Charles Bell, is a fundamental concept of physiology and medicine, although in the early stages (in the mid-19th century) this principle was considered only in relation to the spinal cord.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fominykh T.A., Kutia S.A. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Immunohistochemical study of P53 protein expression in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa
Relevance. Studies on the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa are of paramount importance due to the widespread of the disease and its aggressive course. When histological examination of the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa is not always possible to determine the first signs of malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma can develop from epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia of varying severity. In addition to histological research methods, immunohistochemical method is widely used for tumor diseases, in which the Ki-67 protein is used, with which the proliferation of epithelial cells can be determined, as well as the P53 protein encoding the TP53 gene, which is a suppressor of tumor growth. It is activated only in the presence of damage to the cell genome. The aim was to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 and P53 proteins in the development of dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. Materials and Methods. Four groups were identified for the study: group 1-16 patients (34.7%) diagnosed with epithelial hyperplasia, group 2-8 patients (17.3%) diagnosed with low-grade epithelial dysplasia, group 3-9 (19.5%) with a diagnosis of “high-grade epithelial dysplasia”, group 4-13 (28.2%) with a diagnosis of “squamous cell carcinoma”. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67 (clone MM1, Diagnostic Biosystems, USA) was used to determine cell proliferation. P53 expression was determined using mouse monoclonal antibodies to the P53 protein (Clone D 07, Novocastra, UK). Monoclonal rabbit antibodies P53 (Clone Y5 Epitomics, USA) were used to study only the “mutant type” of the P53 protein. Results and Discussion. The expression of Ki-67 and P53 proteins were observed in all groups. However, the minimum number of immunopositive cells in the study of P53 (Clone D 07) and P53 (Clone Y5) was observed in the epithelial hyperplasia group, and the maximum in the squamous cell carcinoma group. The increase in the number of stained cells significantly increased as the degree of epithelial dysplasia increased from epithelial hyperplasia and low grade epithelial dysplasia to high grade epithelial dysplasia, etc. Conclusion. Thus, the detection of the expression of the P53 protein (Clone Y5) in the epithelium indicates the presence of changes in the genetic apparatus and metabolism of cells, which can be used in the early diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivina A.A., Tigay Y.O., Familia Frias D.R., Rabinovich O.F., Babichenko I.I. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0