No 3 (2015)

The article attempts to show the evolution of the doctrine of the “ideal state” in the eastern peripatetism, based on a comparative analysis of the treatises of Ibn Rushd “Talhis al-siyasah” and al-Farabi “The Virtuous City”.

In the work the opposition between Cartesian rationalism and enlightenment sensationalism is analyzed. At the same time in the article is proved that Rousseau assimilated the scheme of Cartesian substantive dualism, although expressed it in his own unique manner.

The article is dedicated to European intellectual context on the edge of 18-19 centuries, particularly to the discovery of East by Europe, transfer to romantic paradigm of mentality; as well as to formation of philosophical and mythological views of count Sergey Semenovich Uvarov, whose work is inseparably connected to this context.

The article presents the author's analysis of the concepts of “truth” and “meaning of life”, “virtue” as an eternal social and philosophical issues in the focus of their refraction in the works of famous Japanese filmmaker of the twentieth century Akira Kurosawa. This is illustrated by specific consideration of his famous cinematographic “rashomon”, “Live”, “Red beard”. In the work on the basis of disclosure polysyllabic roles of the main characters of the films revealed the originality and the controversial nature of the knowledge of the truth in human actions and behavior, especially insight and understanding of the meaning of life in its critical moments, the specificity of expression and the nature of symbolization of virtue in human acts.

The article concerns one of the most popular terms today - the problem of crisis. Crises were already wellknown by the ancients. But all these crises went only into the certain dimensions of human life, that is why we can define them as financial, political, social etc. Today we also often hear about all these arts of crises, but the real state is more complicated as this time it seems to be a question of the crisis within the human being himself in his project of humanity, that can not stay whithout the influence of all dimensions of human life. The main feature of this anthropological crisis is loneliness in its different arts - cosmic, metaphysical and social loneliness. More particular manifestations of this crisis are cult of money, loss by the human being his irreplaceability, his own metaphysical dignity, substitution of the concept of virtue with the concepts of price and profitability, development of the leisure industry etc. Today all the things can be bought, all the things have their own price, even a human being. The author doesn’t stop at the mere ascertaining of the existing situation, but he also tries to show the possible ways out. We must at once thoroughly study the process are taking place and define whether we have to do with a decadence or a renescence crisis and only then we could on the way of intercultural and interreligious dialog renovate the humanism on the base of spiritual and religious traditions.

The article was first published and analyzed fragment K.A. Zedergolma travel diary in Germany in 1858, documenting his conversation with the philosopher A. Schopenhauer.

This article aims to analyze the early reception of the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer from the first reviews of his main work “The World as Will and Representation” up to the end of 1850 th. The main approaches to interpretation of Schopenhauer’s philosophy among German-speaking philosophers and publicists are considered, as well as the change in forms of elucidation which it underwent during the polemics between its opponents and advocates before Schopenhauer’s philosophy became widely renowned.