No 4 (2014)

Morphological study of the aortic wall of Wistar rats exposed to chronic adrenergic (two-week intraperitoneal administration of epinephrine) and cholinergic (two-week administration of neostigmine) stress was performed. Chronic stress with predominant adrenergic influences leads to more pronounced changes in the aortic intima than the stress with a predominance of cholinergic effects: almost 2 times more increased frequency of endothelial and lamina elastic interna ruptures, 1.6 times more endothelial cells and degenerative changes. There was a tendency to increase the number of red blood cells near luminal surface of the endothelium and the appearance of erythrocytes in the media under the seats gap the internal elastic membrane. Marked swellings, tearing of adventitia observed with the same frequency as in adrenergic and cholinergic chronic stress. The results obtained suggest that stress with a predominant sympathetic activation has a stronger effect on the endothelium of the aorta, resulting in endothelial alterations that may influence the mechanical properties of the aorta, blood rheology, development of atherosclerosis and fibrosis.

At present there is no sufficient experimental data about adrenergic as well as parasympathetic effects on structural remodeling of myocardium and in the walls of large blood vessels. In the clinical research organoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor was widely discussed, the ACE inhibitor being connected with the suppression of the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the sympathetic nervous system. This notwithstanding, there are no well-outlined information about regression of the earliest evidence for remodeling of heart and blood vessels on extracellular level against the background of antihypertensive therapy. To determine the relation between remodeling of myocardium and blood vessels in different variants of accompanying vegetative stress we have compared the morphometrical data in rats of Vistar line under the influence of chronic adrenergic and cholinergic stress with the effect of medicine from ACE inhibitor group - Enap. The results showed that the remodeling of left ventricular myocardium, aorta and femoral artery took place under the conditions of all variants of vegetative provision of chronic stress being compared with the control group. Protective effect of ACE inhibitors was not observed in aorta and femoral artery under different models of chronic stress; moreover, in cases of chronic stress Enap administration increased remodeling of extracellular space of femoral artery. In the left ventricular myocardium, the protective effect of Enap was observed on remodeling of extracellular space only in case of chronic adrenergic stress.

The intensity of 10 C. albicans clinical strains filmforming in patients with bronchopulmonary complications of early traumatic spinal cord disease was studied in statistic condition of flatbed culture on the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th days. It was specified that life cycle of C. albicans has phase character and is characterized by quantitative changes in the intensity of its filmforming.

Study goal: to assess levels of TNF-α in blood serum of patients with atrial fibrillation during paroxysm and after the episode. To find possible practical application of measuring TNF-α serum levels as a diagnostic method to detect the onset of paroxysm. Methods : 29 patients with IHD and arterial hypertension complicated by rhythm disturbances (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) were examined. Control group included 33 healthy volunteers. Observation period lasted four weeks. Blood levels of TNF-α were measured during paroxysm with duration up to two days and four weeks after sinus rhythm been restored and remained under control on background of constant anti-anginal, anti-hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic therapy. Results : Direct correlation between the onset time, the severity of paroxysm and the level of serum TNF-α was established. Return to normal levels of TNF-α was observed by the fourth week after restoration of sinus rhythm on background of treatment. In control group TNF-α levels at baseline and four weeks after remained within normal values. Conclusions : Data confirming active involvement of TNF-α in development of inflammation and initiation of apoptosis during paroxysm that results in aggravation of cardiovascular diseases was obtained. Application of the method of assessing TNF-α serum levels as severity and prognostic marker of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was proposed.

Presented is a retrospective comparison of postoperative complications of 103 and 87 patients who underwent the Lichtenstein and Shouldice hernia repairs respectively, during the period 2005-2011 in the second surgical department of the city hospital № 17, Moscow. Complications after the Lichtenstein and Shouldice hernia repairs were 9.7% and 14.94%, respectively. Deaths due to one or more hernia repair methods did not occur. An average hospital stay was 8 days.

Antibacterial activity of propolis samples from different regions using several techniques has studied. It is shown that only the methodology outlined in the GOST R 53124-2008 “Propolis. Antimicrobial activity”, gives a correct result. The maximum antimicrobial activity has been detected in the sample from the Lugansk region, Ukraine. It has been established that the water-soluble portion of alcoholic extract of propolis has no antimicrobial activity.

In average annual structure of calls of specialized crews of the Territorial Disaster Medicine Centre (TDMC) of the Astrakhan region the external causes of incidence and mortality (82,9%), including from them - 58,5%, calls to victims in road accidents were main. A third of injured were in a satisfactory condition (31,4%), in a state of moderate severity and critical condition - 46,2% and 20,9%, consequently, and 1,5% died before the arrival of the brigade TDMC. On average, each involved in the incident received 2,4 ± 0,4 traumas and the main of them were head injuries (39,5%), fractures (17,1%), bruises (35,5%), skin abrasions (7,9%).

The article presents the mortality analysis of o588 patients died in the Primary Vascular Department from 2009 to 2012. Reduction of mortality in the dynamics, increasing of average age of died patients, both male and female, can be regarded as a result of the efficiency of medical and organizational activities.

The article presents the results of the study features of the level and structure of mortality for men and women in the closed administrative-territorial formation - Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, in comparison with the average regional indicators. Showing reserves to reduce losses at all stages: prevention of behavioral risk factors, early diagnosis and improve the quality of medical care.

Monograph under review is devoted to the improvement of treatment and rehabilitative care to patients with schizophrenia based on family-oriented approach. The authors provide results of complex medical and social and clinical-psychiatric study of patients with schizophrenia and their families. The authors substantiated the ways of increasing effectiveness rehabilitation and therapy in family in order to improve the quality of life of patients and their relatives. Acquaintance with the monograph is of practical importance for a wide range of experts - psychiatrists, psychotherapists, health care managers, professionals in social work and social workers.