No 3 (2015)

The article presents the estimation of medical activity of the interviewed women with and without gynecological diseases. Discusses peculiarities of medical activity depending on the age and level of education of women. Main causes of irregular prenatal visits are determined.

In this study, the analysis of magnetocardiographic (MCG) data for the three groups of patients is given. The first group included 31 healthy volunteers, who had no “history” of a heart disease. The second group included MCG record of 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The third group consisted of 31 MCG records for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Founded advantages of MCG to potential method provide registration and mapping features of electrophysiological processes in the heart, when the change takes place at the MCG and often absent on ECG.

Purpose . To compare the diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) for breast cancers. Materials and Methods . The study included fifty-seven patients with histologically verified breast cancer. Given the subjective evaluation of the benefits of technology for tomosynthesis imaging of pathological signs characteristic of breast cancer (tumour, focal asymmetry, restructuring or microcalcifications). The data obtained on the base of DM and additional DBT information were assessed according to BI-RADS scale (force BI-RADS). The interdependence between the categories according to BI-RADS scale and the nature of the radiological manifestations of breast cancer was determined using Chi-square (c 2) test. Results . A total of 59 breast cancers were reviewed, including 17 (28.8%) mass lesions, 12 (20.3%) focal asymmetry/density, 6 (10.2%) restructuring, 23 (39.0%) calcifications, and 1 (1.7%) intracystic tumor. Mammography with DBT was more informative to visualize 58.8% of the lesions, 83,3% of focal asymmetry, 94.4% of violations architectonics and only 11.6% of the signs of microcalcifications. When making conclusion on BI-RADS scale, in 84.4% of cases category of findings was increased from 0 (when performing DM) to 4 or 5 (when performing DBT). Category opinions 4A on the scale of BI-RADS in the implementation of DM in 27.3% of cases was increased after evaluation of the images of the DBT, a symptom of malignancy in this category were mainly detected microcalcifications. Significant interdependence ( p < 0,001) between BI-RADS category and pathological radiographic signs was noted. Conclusion . DBT allows to obtain more accurate visual information about mass formation, focal asymmetry, violation of the architectonics and improves the diagnostic efficacy of mammography.

The study presents a retrospective analysis of risk factors for prostate cancer in 122 men. First, a comparative analysis of many factors: age, weight, bad habits, levels of testosterone and of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), comorbidities, blood group, RH factor, manual rectal investigation, the results of the prostate ultrasound was conducted. Next, using general models of discriminant analysis, five of the most significant risk factors for prostate cancer were identified: inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and bladder, increased PSA blood test, blood group, overweight patient. Applied discriminant equation containing the five most informative features, allows up to 97.5% to predict the likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

The work is devoted to computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) diagnosis of the thoracic cavity diseases, which highlights many of the issues in the literature clearly or not covered at all. Advances in the CT and US technologies have demanded reconsideration of the scientific data about value of these methods in diagnostics of diseases of lungs and pleurae. Now US is widely used in the diagnosis of diseases of the organs and tissues of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space, pelvic organs, cardiovascular system and is insufficiently used for the study of pathological changes of lungs and pleura. The analysis of possibilities of US and CT in diagnosis of parietal thoracic cavity formations and indications for ultrasound are presented, the US technique as well as US semiotics of revealed pathological changes are described. Implementation into clinical practice of modern methods of diagnosis increases the chance of early detection of the disease when it is still possible to use the radical methods of treatment

The article gives the detailed characteristics of the anatomo-functional features of the gastrointestinal tract of newborns and highlights the most important pathological factors promoting development of functional pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the neonatal period. Pathogenetic mechanisms of development of microaspiration of gastric contents, and the nature of influence of microaspiration gastric contents on the bronchopulmonary system in newborns are presented.

Studied the tone of masticator muscles in patients of 13-15 years with transversal incisor occlusion. All patients were divided into two groups, depending on the dental occlusion: 1 st - physiological; 2 nd - distal. Based on these data the performance features of the contractility of the masticator muscles, depending on a type of occlusion of the posterior teeth are defined.

The Department of human anatomy PFUR under the guidance of head of Department Professor V.I. Kozlov for many years conducted research of blood microcirculation. Students actively participate in scientific research. Within the problem of adaptation of students to educational stress studies of microcirculation of blood and heart rate variability in students of 1 st and 2 nd courses in the dynamics of the school day, week and year. Increased tension of regulatory mechanisms observed in the teaching periods: at the beginning of the study after the holidays, in winter session during the week - on Wednesdays and during the school day - in 14-16 hours. These peculiarities of the functioning of the cardiovascular system of students should be considered in making out schedule.