No 3 (2015)

In the article the author focuses on the concept of “farewell” and provides the procedure for its investigation different from the one having been applied in the recent decade in Russian linguistics, where the entrenchment of the latter has been affected by the influence of the school of Voronezh, as the author assumes. The author compares the concept with the frame, on the one hand, and the concept with the speech genres, on the other hand. The three “types” of farewell are being considered - a farewell to a man, a farewell to a place, a farewell to the epoch - all of them are being regarded as the modifications of the concept of “farewell”, having been conditioned to some extent by the period of time the texts had been produced in, with the concept incorporated into their headlines. The concept itself, in Foucault’s terminology, may be assigned to the concepts of discontinuity, assuming thresholds, transformations - in one case this is the transformation of a personality.

The article is devoted to to the mental representation of grammatical structures, namely to the ‎structural analysis analysis of substantive-nominative proposemes that is to the Compound ‎proposemes, composing the main and the subordinate predicative clauses and proposemes-‎balances, composing two subordinate clauses - subject and predicative. The material for the ‎research are substantive-nominative proposemes taken from the works of British and American ‎writers of the XX century. In the work the definitional analysis, the classification method and ‎the modeling method of structural-functional analysis, the method of linguistic observation, the ‎descriptive and analytical method were used. The results of the research showed that the ‎analyzed proposemes can be treated, first. as the constructions of primary syntactic position ‎which, in the functional plan, are substantive-nominative, secondly, monolithic - on the degree of ‎intensity of connection between their clauses and, thirdly, from a logic-cognitive point of view - ‎monomial, expressing one difficult judgment with the event nature of an objectivization of ‎thought.‎

Mankind and the animal kingdom enjoyed a close and interwoven relationship ever since they appeared on earth. This camaraderie found its reflection in language too. That is why the words that name animals have a lot more in their undertones along with the explicit meanings. This article is an endeavor to peep into the world beyond the zoonyms of Russian and Hindi. The comparative study reveals various kinds of connotations that these zoonyms hold for us. These inferences are positive, semi positive and at times, even negative. Some are similar in both the languages, the others are contrasting. Animals are a vital part of Indian mythology. They serve as riders ( vahana ) to deities. Hence Indians have a respectful attitude towards them, even when they may not like a specific behavioral trait of a particular animal. The data for the analyses taken from dictionaries, fiction and spoken language. It was analised through definitive, contextual, pragmatic, cognitive and linguocutural analyses.

Impoliteness and rudeness trigger negative emotional reactions in interlocutors. The aim of this article is to analyze negative emotions which representatives of Russian and American communicative cultures feel during impolite and rude communication. The research is done on the basis of the data of emotional reactions obtained from the undertaken sociolinguistic study, as well as on the spoken discourse found in the Russian National Corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the Internet. The current study is based on research in the theory of impoliteness and rudeness, linguistics of emotions and linguoculturology. The analysis and the key findings of the data support the hypothesis that Russians and Americans have similar basic emotions, in particular, the emotions of anger and sadness . The comparative analysis of the semantics of the words, nominating the emotions of anger and sadness prove different ethnocultural content of the corresponding emotional concepts, which should be considered in research on impoliteness and rudeness in the linguocultural aspect. Negative emotions can cause reverse impoliteness and rudeness, however, their realization in both linguocultures is determined by the pragmatic context. Nevertheless, the findings show differences in the extent of communicative restraint of Russians and Americans. The main research methods used in the study are sociolinguistic survey, corpus data analysis, conceptual analysis, descriptive and comparative methods.

The article focuses on interpretation of English-language texts of court opinions. The author briefly considers existing models of text comprehension, while opting for cognitive approach as the basis for analysis of the judicial discourse. The article provides a meta-language developed as analysis methodology of linguistic means of frames’ representation. US court opinions were used as material for analysis. The author also suggests that linguistic means of modus functions’ representation frequently create additional senses in judicial discourse. The paper concludes that the reference to precedent, in addition to the functions of legal reasoning, performs evaluative function, expressing the meaning of speaker’ high degree confidence in what is being reported.

This article covers the topic of the description of translation strategies of onomatopoetic component of proper names. The term of onomatopoetic proper names is introduced for the first time. The article is the fist work that gives a view of onomatopoetic component in proper names on the material of English proper names, product names, electronic resources, theatre plays and cartoon titles. Onomatopoeia in onomastics is seen form the viewpoint of sociolinguistics. Being an aspect of literary onomastics, onomatopoetic proper names are considered to be a functional and semantic word mark (meaning-creating and text-forming) that serves as an individualizing and characteristic device. However examples of onomatopoeia in onomastics are seen not only in imaginative literature but also in advertisements and commercials. Onomatopoetic component is a unique device that allows to verbalize lingvocultural aspects of proper names. These names are pleasant to hear and easy to remember. They help to make up brand names. Translation strategies include two techniques: translator often resorts to borrowings, in other words transliterateration or transcription of the original onomatopoeia, or makes situational equivalents like occasionalisms or oral speech equivalents to render the expressive, stylistic and evaluative components of meaning of such proper names. This article will give an example of both these techniques and deduce the most affective strategies that can be applied to translation of onomatopoetic component of proper names.