No 4 (2015)

The results of the researches which have been devoted to the study of the factors of biological productivity of the pines growing in the forest phytocenoses of Ryazan Meschera have been generalized. The factors of biological productivity for the circulation periods of Vangengeim - Girs have been established by using of the dendrochronology. It is established that the factors of autumn and winter periods have the great significance for the growth of the pine in conditions of sandy soil and deep groundwaters. The factors of summer period have the great significance for the bioproductivity of the pine in conditions of wetland. It is shown that the pines growing in the different conditions of the habitat have similar changes of biological productivity.

By means physiological transformation of taxational data pine stands Belarus Ia-V yield classes were obtained quantitative data net productivity of photosynthesis, mineral and biological productivity, carbon deposition and net primary production in ontogenesis at the organism level. These indicators declined with age. Was set adaptive response of plants to a decline soil nutrient status, which expressed in an increase in activity the root surface relative to of the sheet surface to maintain photosynthesis on vital the required level.

The comparison of the plants fouling intensity on the red brick buildings dated in the late 19th century (Chekhov District, Moscow Region) found that: 1) the species diversity on the building repaired in the 1980’s was three times higher than on the unrepaired building; 2) plants fouling is more diverse and intensive at the buildings’ foundation; 3) herbage plants are the basis of the foulingsThe work presents the list of these species and gives the evaluation of their abundance for different parts of the examined buildings.

Drotaverine hydrochloride and codeine phosphate, antispasmodic and analgesic drugs, respectively, derived from isoquinoline, were evaluated for its biodegradability using actinobacteria from the Regional Specialized Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms. The experiments were performed under aerobic conditions with bacterial cultures. Screening of actinobacteria toward drugs showed that the most drotaverine and codeine resistant strain was Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 647, which was used further in experiments biotransformation. The duration of the biotransformation process drotaverine and codeine was more than 90 days. Using free Rhodoccocus cells pre-grown with investigated substrates reduced the duration of biodegradation to 60 days and to 90 days for drotaverine and codeine, respectively. Adding glucose as co-substrate, and the use of immobilized cells of Rhodococcus (from 60 to 7 days) accelerated significantly the process of drotaverine biodegradation. GC-MS analysis of transformation products resulting from drotaverine biodegradation revealed 3,4-diethoxybenzoic acid, 3,4-diethoxybenzaldehyde and 3,4-diethoxybenzoic acid ethyl ester which were detected in the culture medium until drotaverine completely disappeared. Transformation products from codeine phosphate included hydrocodone, dihydrocodeine and 14β-hydroxycodeine. The obtained data broadened the spectrum of organic xenobiotics oxidized by Rhodoccocus bacteria and proved there potential in decontamination of natural ecosystems from pharma pollutants.

We study the problem of processing and utilization of solid carbonaceous residue is waste tires pyrolysis. On the basis of the carbonaceous residue produced concentrate suitable for molding fuel.

One of the main environmental problems of the industrial cities consists in intensive pollution of a surface water harmful substances. Studying of the ecological environment of the city is based on use of both traditional, and modern methods of research by means of which the necessary database of natural and anthropogenous characteristics of an urban environment in connection with a target task - an assessment of a state of environment of the city is formed, of extent of influence of sources of harmful emissions and scales of pollution of territories. The understanding of an ecological situation of the urbanized territories requires detection of features of pollution, a form of finding of harmful substances, possibilities of their accumulation and carrying out in landscapes, to their concentration.

Article considers the problem of formation of man-made water accumulations, which are understood as a wide range of objects - from occasionally flooded basements to storage of industrial wastewater. The existence of man-made water accumulations can cause deterioration of ecological and sanitary- epidemiological situation. Systemic approach to solution of these problems is suggested; classification of man-made accumulations of water is developed.

The state of the air of two major cities, which are the important economic centers and transport junctions (St. Petersburg and Rostov-on-Don), and the factors influencing it were considered. The assessment of the risk of non-carcinogenic effects on health of urban population, associated with air pollution was reviewed. The data about the elemental composition of the urban population were analyzed. As a result an association between air pollution and accumulation of toxic elements in the human body was discovered.