Vol 33, No 1 (2025)

In our study, we investigated the bioaccumulation of T4 and RB43 bacteriophages by the bivalve mollusks U. pictorum and A. cygnea . Additionally, tests were conducted to determine the content of E. coli in the mollusks, and a comparison of the bioaccumulation activity of the viruses based on their diet was made. The results of the studies indicated that T4 and RB43 bacteriophages, despite differences in conditions and virus structure, exhibit a similar bioaccumulation model where their titers depend on the activity of the mollusk and their cyclical changes. The phage is reproduced by the natural microflora of the animal and can be retained due to its filtration feeding type. The activity of the mollusk is also influenced by its feeding characteristics.

To identify and describe the forest communities of the Green Book of the Bryansk region, the habitats of 10 natural monuments have been surveyed. Forest communities are represented by formations of oak forests and ash forests. Thanks to biomonitoring work followed by analysis of syntaxonomic diversity, observation bases have been created for 6 associations and one subassociation. The presence of biocenoses of the rare subassociation Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 in the nature monument “Lyubin Khutor” of the Novozybkovsky district, and the rare association Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 for the “Ancient Park in Lyalichi” in Surazhsky district have been cited for the first time. The differentiation of habitats, presence of buffer zone, size of protected area stage of demutation restorative post-anthropogenic successions determines the diversity of the ecological-phytocenotic structure of the studied forest communities. The cenotic and structural characteristics of rare and reference forest communities correspond to the model descriptions in the Green Book. A new subassociation involving Sanicula europaea L. is justified by the method of ecological-floristic classification of J. Braun-Blanquet (1964). This allows to identify the heterogeneity of biotopes and the favorable phytocenotic environment of a regionally rare species. The existence of valuable biotopes of the system EUNIS-ESy system (2020): category T - Forest and other forest lands with four types: T1B, T19, T13, T1E is established as criteria by means of units of ecological-floristic classification of forest biocoenoses. The experience gained during long-term community research of the unique environmental catalog of the Green Book will be used in the preparation and publication of similar lists that will contribute to solving the problems of protection of plant communities in Russia.

The paper discusses the results of long-term studies of the radiation and socio-economic situation in the village of Novye Bobovichi. The research is based on the analysis of homestead inspections data and records from the house registers. During the first 15 years after emergency contamination the migration of 137Cs can be described as an exponent with a half-life (T½) of 7,5 years and a life (T) of 30 years during the following period. For residential areas contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident at the level of 1 MBq/m2 for 137Cs, conservative estimates of accumulated doses on various population groups show that maximum external exposure doses for the first 35 years after the accident were no higher than 100 mSv.

The activity of the complex of acid deoxyribonucleases (DNases) and ribonucleases (RNases) of the hepatopancreas of the river snail ( Viviparus viviparus L.) was studied under normal conditions and under acute exposure to erythromycin. An increase in the activity of acidic DNases has been established, while the nature of the change in RNase activity is less significant. Based on the experimental data obtained, a significant effect of erythromycin on the river snail ( Viviparus viviparus L.), manifested at the biochemical level, was established. The possibility of using changes in the activity of hepatopancreas nucleases of the common river snail as markers of pollution of aquatic ecosystems has been demonstrated.

This study considers novels of environmental legislation in the sphere of liquidation of objects of accumulated environmental damage. In the research process the liquidation procedures and as well as the need to adopt by-laws are analyzed.