Vol 32, No 4 (2024)

Currently, the condition and quality of water in water objects under the influence of technogenic factors changes for the worse. Studies of sediments of reservoirs make it possible to identify unfavorable areas and identify sources of pollution. From the point of view of technogenic load, the most dangerous pollutants are microelements Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, As. This article presents the results of studies of the contamination of sediments of reservoirs with the listed microelements, assessed by igeo-classes - by the contamination of the sorbing fraction (less than 0.02 mm). Describes or provides references to methods used in conducting nature and laboratory studies, as well as calculations of pollution levels. To systematize the research, objects of various hierarchical levels were identified on the basis of long-term experimental work within the Volga basin. For taxa of different hierarchies, various areal and time survey modes are proposed. The picture of contamination of sediments of the studied reservoirs is presented, and trends in its changes in space and time are noted.

The paper studies various approaches to assessing the integral environmental indicator of the urban environment. A method for calculating the pollution index of urbanized areas from motor vehicles based on three parameters (air pollution by emissions, noise level, soil pollution) has been developed, and the weights of each indicator in it have been determined. Based on long-term studies of the environmental condition, a primary component-by-component assessment of all parameters under consideration and subsequent calculation of the pollution index have been carried out. A scientifically based approach to developing priority areas of environmental protection measures has been proposed.

In the course of this study, experiments were carried out to assess the potential of using artificial peat soil obtained from oil sludge in various fields. The main purpose of the research was to analyze its applicability in the construction of road and industrial facilities, as well as in the elimination and reclamation of municipal solid waste landfills and use for agricultural purposes.

First of all, the physicochemical properties of artificial peat soil were studied, such as its density, humidity, organic matter content, as well as the concentration of heavy metals and other harmful substances present in oil sludge.

As a result of the research, data were obtained to assess the potential of using artificial peat soil created from oil sludge in various fields. These findings may be useful for the development of new methods of construction, environmental cleaning and agricultural production.

Currently, the condition and quality of water in water objects under the influence of technogenic factors changes for the worse. Studies of sediments of reservoirs make it possible to identify unfavorable areas and identify sources of pollution. From the point of view of technogenic load, the most dangerous pollutants are microelements Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, As. This article presents the results of studies of the contamination of sediments of reservoirs with the listed microelements, assessed by igeo-classes - by the contamination of the sorbing fraction (less than 0.02 mm). Describes or provides references to methods used in conducting nature and laboratory studies, as well as calculations of pollution levels. To systematize the research, objects of various hierarchical levels were identified on the basis of long-term experimental work within the Volga basin. For taxa of different hierarchies, various areal and time survey modes are proposed. The picture of contamination of sediments of the studied reservoirs is presented, and trends in its changes in space and time are noted.

Oil sludge is one of the dangerous sources of environmental pollution, which causes significant damage to ecosystems. The technologies used for their disposal do not show efficiency, these data are confirmed by the authors’ SWOT analysis of the existing method of waste data management - sludge accumulation. The paper considers a new technological solution for processing oil sludge into artificial peat soil. The study describes the process of obtaining artificial peat from oil sludge, the main characteristics and properties of the resulting material. The authors present the results of laboratory studies: assessment of the physico-chemical characteristics of artificial peat soil, such as its density, humidity, organic matter content, concentration of heavy metals and other harmful substances, as well as an experiment on the study of fertile properties. An analysis of the potential and possibility of introducing this material into practice was also carried out. The findings can be useful for further research and development in the field of oil sludge utilization and processing and improving the environmental sustainability of peat soils.

The study analyzes the existing system of solid municipal waste management in the capital of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau - Bissau. Based on the analysis, facts of ineffective waste management, lack of operational control and systematization of data in the system of urban sanitation of the city were revealed, which is due to the lack of necessary technical training at the level of the city government - the city council of Bissau. The identified local reasons for the insufficient quality and efficiency of the provided services for sanitation of the city are financial constraints and lack of qualified personnel. On the other hand, the problem is the lack of a sustainable waste management policy at the country level.

The methods of the quality increase of the air-water mixture generated by ejection system of aeration for the flotation wastewater treatment are considered such as the use of various constructions of ejectors, use of dispersers, operating at different air-water rates and exit nozzle velocities, addition of surfactants. It is shown that for the highly efficient wastewater treatment microbubbles with the sizes less than 100 µm that are equally distributed in the flotation chamber are needed. The use of aeration system that includes ejector, aerator and disperser is offered. The experimental definition of air-water mixture characteristics (bubbles size and superficial gas velocity) was carried out with different exit nozzle velocities and types of aerators. The operating mode that allows the generation microbubbles with average sizes 75-115 µm was defined. At this mode the annular aerator with inside diameter 4 mm and outside diameter 6 mm was used, exit nozzle velocity was 13 m/s.

Abstract. The article analyzes the existing municipal solid waste management system in the capital of Guinea-Bissau - Bissau. Based on the analysis, a huge lack of operational control and data systematization throughout the urban cleaning system is revealed, this fact is mainly due to the lack of technical training at all hierarchical levels of the service providing body. In Bissau, the capital of the country, solid waste management is the responsibility of the Bissau City Council (CMB). Thus, this body, among other responsibilities, must ensure the health of the city through the provision of urban cleaning services. However, due to financial constraints and lack of qualified personnel, this organization has faced many difficulties in ensuring quality and efficiency of services. On the other hand, the country does not have specific policies and legislation for the waste sector, which further worsens the situation.

Mine rock dumps belong to the category of landscape technogenic neoplasms and represent a complex of anthropogenically transformed natural components. Rock dumps cause some damage to the environment due to the withdrawal of agricultural land from use, emissions of gorenje products, dust particles, flushing of pollutants, soil salinization, erosion of slopes. The main optimal measure to reduce the impact of rock dumps on the environment for Donbass is the biological reclamation of their surface. It is based on mandatory continuous environmental monitoring, which represents a set of observations of the current state and forecasting of further changes in: the state of atmospheric air, surface waters, radiation conditions, soil conditions, flora, fauna and public health in the territory of a landscape technogenic neoplasm and adjacent areas. The use of the principles of environmental monitoring will help to stabilize the landscape technogenic neoplasm as an ecosystem and contribute to the sustainable development of Donbass as an industrial region. The work carried out monitoring of the state of the green spaces of the rock dump sh. 5/6 named after. Dimitrov, located within the city of Donetsk, DPR. An inventory of green spaces and the landscaping object itself was carried out, an assessment of the effectiveness of reclamation measures was carried out, the average degree of disturbance of vegetation cover on the rock dump was determined. The results of studies of the state of the stand of a rock dump using a visual assessment scale are presented. A visual assessment of the following diagnostic signs of OCD was carried out: crown density, the presence of dead branches on the trunk and the degree of damage to the leaves by toxicants, pathogens and insects (the average area of necrosis, chlorosis and overeating).

The article examines the emerging national carbon market in Russia, the incentives and competitive advantages of domestic business at the carbon market as the economic basis for development and implementation of carbon sequestration projects in Russia. The Russian Federation, which has committed itself to taking measures to mitigate climate change, has set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 in two possible ways: through direct emissions reduction and carbon capture (sequestration), storage (deposition). The national carbon trading system being actively created in Russia allows the state to fulfill its international climate obligations, but at the same time act as an independent regulator in this area and proactively protect domestic producers from possible unfair competition and arbitrariness on the part of participants in the global carbon market.