No 3 (2015)
- Year: 2015
- Articles: 14
- URL: https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/issue/view/796
Articles
THE ONTOGENESIS AND AGE STRUCTURE OF COEPOPULATIONS OF CHAEROPHYLLUM AUREUM, AN ALIEN UMBELLIFERAE SPECIES OF CENTRAL RUSSIA IN THE SECONDARY HABITAT (MOSCOW REGION)
Abstract
The ontogenesis, age structure of population and the potential seed production of Chaerophyllum aureum L . an actively spreading in Central Russia alien Umbelliferae species have been studied. As a result eight phases in the large life cycle of C. aureum have been identified. Ontogenetic spectrum of the population is close to bimodal. Maximum peak is observed in old generative individuals. The resulting distribution shows that the species has high germination ability, high mortality of young plants and significant length of generative period. The average number of flowers per shoot is about 3635, potential seed production averages 7270 ovules per shoot. The average number of mature fruits is nearly 836, it is about 17% of the all flowers formed on the shoot.From the data obtained it follows that C. aureum has some potential to further spreading in disturbed and some natural habitats of Central Russia, its populations are able to naturalize and exist for a long time in the new territories. This is possible because of high rate of seed germination, long generative period, high degree of inflorescences branching and large number of flowering shoots per plant, as well as effective particulation. The main factors interfering with fast spread of C. aureum in secondary habitat may be high mortality of young individuals, low real seed production and absence of long-term persistent soil seed bank.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):7-18
7-18
AN ALARM CALL OF THE HIMALAYAN MARMOT FROM THE NORTHWEST PLATEAU AND THE GRAY MARMOT FROMTHE EASTERN TIEN SHAN (CHINA)
Abstract
It is described an alarm call of Marmota himalayana and M. baibacina from China. In the signalM. himalayana from the Northwest Plateau were not found differences from the signal marmots, this species inhabiting other parts of the range in China, India and Nepal. Signal M. baibacina inhabiting in East Tian-Shan, markedly different from the signal marmots, this species inhabiting other parts of the area in Russia and Kazakhstan. There are discussed some situational variants of the signal and signal propagation in burrows.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):19-26
19-26
THE ROLE OF VEGETATION IN STABILIZING LANDSCAPES ANAPA BAY-BAR
Abstract
One of the main stabilizing factors of the dynamics of landscapes Anapa bay-bar due to natural abrasion-accumulative, eolian erosion and anthropogenic processes is vegetation. Psammophyte vegetation contributes to the conservation of the bay-bar dune complex. High anthropogenic load leads to the destruction of vegetation. It is necessary to restrict the uncontrolled movement of tourists and to create an ordered outputs in the coastal zone and regulated way of passage through the dune belt, reliably contributing to the preservation of the unique dune landscape.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):27-33
27-33
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS IN NATURAL-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Abstract
It is shown that currently technogenesis of environment is the main cause of increase in the number of biological invasions. To refer to these phenomena the term “technogenic invasion” is suggested. Ecological mechanisms of main types of technological invasions are described
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):34-39
34-39
THE INDICATION OF COPER SMELT EMISSIONS INFLUENCE ON SCOTCH PINE (SOUTH URAL)
Abstract
The influence of smelt coper emissions on Scotch pine apical growth, length and integrity of needles, resins duct number has been studied. It has been determinate that Scotch pine apical growth depends on coper smelt emissions and needle length depends on distance from coper smelt up to nine kilometers.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):40-51
40-51
PROBLEMS OF CONTROL OF HARMFUL IMPURITIES IN THE AIR OF INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
Abstract
Control of air, gas analysis environments - multi-faceted tasks in the environmental field, in various industries and in research. For the protection of air from pollution requires systematic monitoring of its condition. Such control is possible only when there are methods that provide reliable determination of toxic substances (rather selective, sensitive, accurate, available and practical laboratories. Along with this, to obtain comparable results of the analysis it is necessary to use a specific method in the analysis of specific substances.The article provides an overview of the present state of the problem of the control of harmful impurities in the air of industrial premises, methods of gas analysis and gas analysis equipment, their classification is given, described the advantages and disadvantages, principles of gas analyzers.Gas analysis is of paramount importance in the production processes of many industries, including nuclear and thermal power, metallurgy of ferrous and nonferrous metals, special metallurgy, coke production, gas processing, refining and petrochemical industry. Gas metering technical control working areas currently needed in all industries. Wherever there is no special personnel gas control, it is necessary to use a stationary measuring instruments or measuring systems of automatic control. These devices are mounted stationary, constant determined by the control points, and, in the event of an accident, an automatic alert system: serves light and/or audible alarms, switches off the production equipment, the ventilation switches on.Conventional laboratory methods of analysis gas can not meet the needs of modern production. The majority of technological processes requires quick analysis, continuous and automatic control of the composition of the gas mixture requires devices that could be used in automatic control systems.All of these problems can be solved with the help of modern gas analyzers, the pros and cons of which are described in this overview article.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):52-59
52-59
ABOUT RATIONING RELIABILITY PIPES AND PIPELINES
Abstract
The choice of reliability indices of pipes and conduits as criteria by which to assess the effectiveness of the object in the design of piping systems. Based on the analysis of statistical data and regulatory requirements for the selection of the range of indicators of reliability of technical devices is justifiedthat the reliability of pipes and pipelines must be assessed indicators of longevity: Т*ср, Тсл, Тγ. If it isср сл γjudged piping system, such as conduits or piping distribution network, the reliability is taken as ameasure of P ( t ) - reliabilities for time t . It is proposed to the existing set of rules (SR) design water and wastewater systems to make the requirements for standardization and evaluation of the reliability of pipelines.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):60-68
60-68
ABOUT THE NEED OF CREATION OF GROUND-LEVEL OZONE MONITORING SYSTEM IN CRIMEA
Abstract
The paper shows that weather-climatic and anthropogenic factors form favorable conditions for the synthesis of ground-level ozone on the Crimean peninsula.As part of the project RFBR and the Republic of Crimea “Design and creation of element of functioning segment of the atmosphere monitoring system, study with help of it of ground-level ozone formation mechanisms” structure, the composition of the basic blocks and units of the developed monitoring system of ozone and its precursors and meteorological parameters were proposed
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):69-77
69-77
ELABORATION OF A UNIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM NATURAL WATERS USED FOR TECHNICAL WATER SUPPLY NPP TO COMMISSIONING (FOR EXAMPLE BALTIC NPP)
Abstract
The paper analyzes approaches to environmental monitoring of natural and artificial water bodies used in the technological cycle NPP, as well as approaches to observation reservoirs Russian NPPs under construction. Proved that in research there is no single comprehensive approach. Proposed a structure a unified program of environmental monitoring of natural water bodies, intended to be used for nuclear power plants supply prior to commissioning the example of the Baltic NPP
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):78-86
78-86
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF INLAND SURFACE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN THE RFAND EU
Abstract
The article describes theoretical framework taken as a basis of the valid legislative system regarding inland surface water quality assessment in the EU, gives its comparison with the relevant RF system. Such comparison seems essential for institutional cooperation and integrated international management of cross-border river basins and lakes.
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):87-95
87-95
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS REDUCTION DUE TO ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION BY THE EXAMPLE OF LENINGRAD REGION POULTRY FARM
Abstract
The article presents the assessment of greenhouse gases emissions reductions from manure management in case anaerobic digestion technology is used for organic wastes processing. The research was made under IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories’ methodology. ‘Sinyavinskaya’ poultry farm located in Leningrad region was chosen as an object of study. The analysis resulted in calculation of greenhouse gas emissions from manure management and comparison of emissions from combustion of different types of fuel
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):96-104
96-104
FERTILITY STATUS OF ANTHROPOGENICALLY MODIFIED GRAY FOREST SOILS AND ITS ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Abstract
The paper deals with violations of topsoil, irreversible processes degrade gray forest soil under the influence of organic waste. In connection with this study the program to determine the level of contamination areas, taking into account the basic characteristics of the soil and the complex nature of the contamination
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):105-114
105-114
PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AMONG STUDENT-ATHLETES AND STUDENTS, NOT ATHLETES
Abstract
Scientific research is devoted to studying of work of cardiovascular system at the qualified student’s athletes who are engaged in fight during year training preparation and students against usual physical activity in the course of academic year. The comparative analysis between two groups of students showed that in the conditions of rest at breathe by atmospheric air at all the cardiovascular and respiratory systems surveyed parameters are subject to influence of seasonal rhythms. It was revealed that the maximum values on cardiorespiratory system at student’s athletes were the share of a winter season and students not of athletes for the spring period
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):115-120
115-120
NAShI AVTORY
RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2015;(3):121-123
121-123