Vol 10, No 1 (2018)

Theory and methodolology in history

ABOUT THE QUESTION OF THE PERIODIZATION OF HISTORY IN THE PARADIGM OF THE INFORMATION APPROACH

Alikberov A.K.

Abstract

The information approach allows us to distinguish two principal stages in the history of mankind, the stage of oral culture, covering the entire non-written period of history, and the stage of written culture. The latter, in turn, can be divided into three periods: 1. the period of manuscript culture (from the emergence of writing to the invention of printing press); 2) the period of print culture (from the invention of printing press until the advent of the computer); 3) the period of electronic / digital / information culture, which began in the second half of the 20th century and was marked by the revolutionary changes in computer and electronic technologies and the invention of the Internet. The period of the manuscript culture is characterized by the handwritten history records or annales (annalistic tradition); handwritten texts is a subject of the source study of history. The print culture is associated with the formation of the historical science in proper sense; the works of historians are the subject of historiography. Finally, electronic / digital / information culture is correlated with an emerging academic discipline known as the “digital history”.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):7-16
pages 7-16 views

Political History of Europe

THE PROBLEM OF GENDER VOTING IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC

Shults E.E.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of gender vote in the Weimar republic: what were political preferences of the German women of that period, who only had acquired the right to vote under the new constitution. Actuality of such research is caused by the opposite points of view among researchers in a question whow women voted for the main parties of the republic, and also in connection with the forthcoming of 100-year anniversary of formation of the Weimar state. In spite of the fact that the German statistics was one of the best in the world during the considered period, in available data there is a set of gaps that creates a problem of their interpretation and the general conclusions. The author comes to conclusions, 1) that on two Reichstag’s elections in 1924, parliamentary elections of 1928 and 1930 male and female votes for SDPG, NSDAP and GPP were divided approximately equally; 2) the biggest share of female votes was received by Zentrum party, and as concerns GNPP and the share of female voices prevailing over male voices it is possible to speak about that only before elections of 1924 inclusive, but not after; 3) throughout all history of the Weimar republic the Communist Party of Germany had a prevalence of votes of men over female votes.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):17-23
pages 17-23 views

East and West: contacts and contradictions

ON THE WAY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS: SINO-WEST GERMAN TIES IN 1949-1972

Tsvyk A.V.

Abstract

The article considers the period of informal contacts between the PRC and the FRG before the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1972. There was very little direct contact between the parties in the 1950s. Diplomatic contacts between representatives of the two countries intensified in the 1960s due to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and the increasing interest of West German business circles to develop trade ties with the PRC. In the author's opinion, conducted by the West German Chancellor Willy Brandt from 1969 a new foreign policy course, as well as famous visit of President Nixon to China had a great impact on the convergence of China and Germany in the late 1960s - early 1970s. These resulted in the establishment of diplomatic relations between the PRC and the FRG in October 1972.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):24-32
pages 24-32 views

IMAGE OF THE TURK AND OTTOMAN DOMINATION IN THE WORKS OF RUSSIAN TRAVELER OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Linkova E.V., Aksenova A.

Abstract

In article works and traveling notes of travelers to Egypt in the period of Muhammad Ali of Egypt board for the purpose of definition of the developed image of a Turk domination in Egypt and personal attitude of Russian and French to the colonial policy in these works are considered. The author analyzes works of travelers to Egypt within the XIX century and shows the factors which influenced emergence of certain estimates in an image of Turk in Egypt. The carried-out analysis allowed to establish that despite the general negative attitude perception of Arabs, colonial policy, Russian and French has a different attitude to Turk domination in Egypt. It shows different foreign policy of France and Russia in relation to the Ottoman Empire.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):33-41
pages 33-41 views

ROLE OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE DIPLOMACY IN PEACE AND SECURITY ESTABLISHMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST IN THE BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY

Rochen W., Vinogradova A.A.

Abstract

In the end of the XX century, the world faced global geopolitical changes. Due to the Soviet Union dissolve, new actors appear on the international arena. At the same time, the US positions strengthening as well as the country becomes the most influential country of the globe. Along with the modern diplomacy development, the relations between Russia and China were also given an impetus. Being important actors on the international arena at the beginning of the century, Russia and China also played an important role in the new international relations system development, especially in the Middle East region that is greatly demonstrated through the joint work in the frameworks of United Nations. In particular, the author analyses the participation of Russian and Chinese diplomacy in the conflict resolution process in Iraq and Libya. Despite the active diplomatic collaboration of Russia and China on the conflicts in Iraq and Libya though the peaceful means did achieve results, however it was late and thus could not prevent the war.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):42-53
pages 42-53 views

LIBERAL COALITION AND SINO-AUSTRALIAN RELATIONS IN 2013-2017

Katkova E.Y.

Abstract

The article discusses the Sino-Australian relations during the Liberal Coalition government in 2013-2017. The author reviews the conceptual frameworks of Australia’s foreign policy and gives a retrospective of the main in Sino-Australian relations. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main problems affecting the development of political ties and assess their impact on Sino-Australian economic cooperation. The main research method is the narrative method allowing to collect facts from various sources and assemble them into a sequence of relevant events. The author comes to the conclusion that China is an important trading partner of Australia. Its economic and military power has a great influence on the formation of Australian foreign policy in the region. The liberal government represented by Tony Abbott in 2013-2015 and Malcolm Turnbull in 2015-2017 takes Australia - US alliance and strengthening the defense ties with Japan as a basis of its foreign policy. It later became the cause of the deterioration of Sino-Australian relations. Nevertheless, the cooling of political relations did not affect the trade and economic cooperation. China and Australia have signed the Free Trade Agreement and increased trade turnover.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):54-63
pages 54-63 views

Oriental Studies

THE INSTITUTIONAL BASE OF THE CHINESE POLICY TOWARDS AFRICA

Mineeva A.V.

Abstract

The article analyses the institutional base of the Chinese policy towards Africa: its establishing and managing process during the period from 60s to 90s of 20 century. The article contains a review of the main formal and informal organizations, engaged in developing the Chinese policy towards Africa and its realization. The article also provides for some statistics on the process of establishing the institutional base of the Chinese policy towards Africa, detail information on the aims of the organizations on different levels. Based on that data the conclusion is made, describing the coherence between this institutional organization and the needs of the Chinese strategy towards Africa.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):64-69
pages 64-69 views

CHINA - EGYPT BILATERAL RELATIONS UNDER MUBARAK (1981-2011)

Bazanova E.A., Kudelin A.A., Semenova E.I.

Abstract

The article aims to investigate the main features of China-Egypt bilateral relations in period of Hosni Mubarak ruling in Egypt, to follow up the character of relations and mutual impact. The period has a great value for investigation of the steps to partnership, how two countries cooperated in new conditions on the world arena. Hosni Mubarak had risen in power in 1981, it also was a period, when Deng Xiaoping was pursuing a policy of “open doors”. Mubarak built friendly relations with China, when whole world was facing rising of New China with new agenda and enormous potential. In 1990s China became the net-exporter of the oil because of increasing demand of energy sources. Relations between two countries are complex and facing certain challenges. Considering China and Egypt impact on the third world, these cases are known to be a success story of development in unique way, pursued by the eastern countries, that’s why specialists in economy and political development always speak about Chinese and Egyptian ways of development in modern world, so this kind of cooperation is interesting from that point of view. So called Arab spring has put an end of Mubarak era and this period became a crisis for China economic and political strategy of cooperation with Egypt. Therefore, the authors pretend to consider Mubarak - China relations period in whole as a historical stage.
RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):70-78
pages 70-78 views

ON THE ISSUE OF THE EARLY INTERACTIONS OF THE MANCHU RULERS WITH TIBETAN LAMAS

Kitinov B.U., Qiang L.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the early connections of the Manchu rulers with the highest leadership of Tibetan Buddhism. Probably, the countdown should be conducted from the 1620s, when the Manchus intensified their interaction with the Mongolian peoples (Chakhars), where the Tibetan lamas already had strong positions. Further development of Buddhism among the Manchus happened due to the important political events: the coming of the Dalai Lama to power in Tibet in 1642, and the seizure of Beijing by a new Qing dynasty in 1644. For the new rulers of China, lamas had been of the fundamental importance, because, thanks to their support, the Manchus have had the right to claim succession of the government (the “mandate of Heaven”) from the Mongol Yuan dynasty, and at the same time, they were able to “appease” the Mongols. Apparently, after a visit to Beijing by the Dalai Lama in 1652, a new phase of the relationship between emperors and lamas began, which brought the Qing China to clashes with the Dzhungar Oirats.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):79-85
pages 79-85 views

CHRISTIANS AND JEWS IN THE ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF AHMAD-PASHA AL-JAZZAR IN THE LATE XVIII - EARLY XIX CENTURIES

Kasumov R.

Abstract

The article concerns the analysis of the role and place of the representatives of the nonMuslim communities in the administration system of the territories controlled by Ahmad-pasha al-Jazzar, the most powerful Syrian provincial governor in the second half of the 18th - early 19th centuries, in the late period of his rule. The author makes an attempt to distinguish the main features of the position of the non-Muslim officials in the administration system of Ottoman Syria.

RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):86-96
pages 86-96 views

Historical Essay

OCTOBER 1917: THE RUSSIAN PROJECT

Voronin S.A.
RUDN Journal of World History. 2018;10(1):97-102
pages 97-102 views

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