<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of World History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Всеобщая история</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8127</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-833X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18805</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8127-2018-10-1-79-85</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Oriental Studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Из истории Востока</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ON THE ISSUE OF THE EARLY INTERACTIONS OF THE MANCHU RULERS WITH TIBETAN LAMAS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К ВОПРОСУ О РАННЕМ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИИ МАНЬЧЖУРСКИХ ПРАВИТЕЛЕЙ И ТИБЕТСКИХ ЛАМ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kitinov</surname><given-names>B U</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Китинов</surname><given-names>Б У</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of World History, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры всеобщей истории Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>kitinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Qiang</surname><given-names>Liu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цян</surname><given-names>Лю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, The Department of World History Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры всеобщей истории Российского университета дружбы народов</p></bio><email>triumph117@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Kitinov B.U., Qiang L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Китинов Б.У., Цян Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U., Qiang L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У., Цян Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/18805">https://journals.rudn.ru/world-history/article/view/18805</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the early connections of the Manchu rulers with the highest leadership of Tibetan Buddhism. Probably, the countdown should be conducted from the 1620s, when the Manchus intensified their interaction with the Mongolian peoples (Chakhars), where the Tibetan lamas already had strong positions. Further development of Buddhism among the Manchus happened due to the important political events: the coming of the Dalai Lama to power in Tibet in 1642, and the seizure of Beijing by a new Qing dynasty in 1644. For the new rulers of China, lamas had been of the fundamental importance, because, thanks to their support, the Manchus have had the right to claim succession of the government (the “mandate of Heaven”) from the Mongol Yuan dynasty, and at the same time, they were able to “appease” the Mongols. Apparently, after a visit to Beijing by the Dalai Lama in 1652, a new phase of the relationship between emperors and lamas began, which brought the Qing China to clashes with the Dzhungar Oirats.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена изучению ранних связей маньчжурских правителей с высшим руководством тибетского буддизма. Вероятно, отсчет следует вести с 1620-х гг., когда маньчжуры усилили свое взаимодействие с монгольскими народами (чахарами), у которых тибетские ламы уже имели крепкие позиции. Дальнейшему развитию буддизма у маньчжуров способствовали важные политические события: приход Далай-ламы к власти в Тибете в 1642 г. и захват новой династией Цин Пекина в 1644 г. Для новых правителей Китая ламы имели принципиальное значение, т.к. благодаря их поддержке маньчжуры получили право претендовать на преемственность к правлению («мандат Неба») от монгольской династии Юань и вместе с тем получили возможность «умиротворять» монголов. Видимо, после посещения Далай-ламой Пекина в 1652 г. начался новый этап взаимоотношений между императорами и ламами, что приведет цинский Китай к столкновениям с ойратами-джунгарами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lama</kwd><kwd>Qing dynasty</kwd><kwd>Manchus</kwd><kwd>Tibetan Buddhism</kwd><kwd>Oirats</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лама</kwd><kwd>династия Цин</kwd><kwd>маньчжуры</kwd><kwd>тибетский буддизм</kwd><kwd>ойраты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U. Svyashchennyy Tibet i voinstvennaya step’: buddizm u oyratov [The Sacred Tibet and the Warlike Steppe: Buddhism Among Oirats]. M., 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У. Священный Тибет и воинственная степь: буддизм у ойратов. М., 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitinov B.U. Kitay: religiozno-dukhovnyy diskurs tsivilizatsionnogo resursa gosudarstva [China: The Religious and Spiritual Discourse of the Civilization Resource of the State] // Mir i politika [World and Politics]. 2011. № 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Китинов Б.У. Китай: религиозно-духовный дискурс цивилизационного ресурса государства // Мир и политика. 2011. № 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyulina A.G. Eticheskiy aspekt vzaimootnosheniy mezhdu Dalay-lamoy V i imperatorom Shun’chzhi na primere ikh vstrechi v Pekine v 1652 g. [The Ethical Aspect of the Relationship Between Dalai Lama V and Emperor Shunzhi on the Example of Their Meeting in Beijing in 1652] // Vestnik Kalmytskogo instituta gumanitarnykh issledovaniy RAN [Bulletin of the Kalmyk Humanitarian Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. 2016. № 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Люлина А.Г. Этический аспект взаимоотношений между Далай-ламой V и императором Шуньчжи на примере их встречи в Пекине в 1652 г. // Вестник Калмыцкого института гуманитарных исследований РАН. 2016. № 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martynov A.S. Status Tibeta v XVII–XVIII vekakh v traditsionnoy kitayskoy sisteme politicheskikh predstavleniy [The status of Tibet in the XVII–XVIII Centuries in the Traditional Chinese System of Political Views]. M., 1978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынов А.С. Статус Тибета в XVII-XVIII веках в традиционной китайской системе политических представлений. М., 1978.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uspenskiy V.L. Tibetskiy buddizm v Pekine [The Tibetan Buddhism in Beijing]. SPb., 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Успенский В.Л. Тибетский буддизм в Пекине. СПб., 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>A Collection of Historical Archives of Tibet. Beijing, 1995.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Grupper S.M. Manchu Patronage of Tibetan Buddhism during the First Half of the Ch’ing Dinasty // Journal of the Tibet Society. 1984. № 4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hevia J.L. Lamas, Emperors, and Rituals: Political Implications in Qing Imperial Ceremonies // The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 1993. Vol. 16. № 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hevia J.L. Lamas, Emperors, and Rituals: Political Implications in Qing Imperial Ceremonies// The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, 1993. Vol. 16. № 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Elverskog J. Our Great Qing. The Mongols, Buddhism and the State in Late Imperial China. University of Hawai’i Press, 2006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rockhill W.W. The Dalai Lamas of Lhasa and Their Relations with The Manchu Emperors of China 1644–1908. Dharamsala, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rockhill W.W. The Dalai Lamas of Lhasa and Their Relations with The Manchu Emperors of China 1644-1908. Dharamsala, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sobraniye arkhivnykh dokumentov i materialov po istorii vzaimootnosheniy mezhdu mestnymi vlastyami Tibeta i Tsentral’nym pravitel’stvom Kitaya so vremeni pravleniya dinastii Yuan’ [The Collection of archival documents and materials on the history of relations between the local authorities of Tibet and the Central Government of China since the reign of the Yuan dynasty]. Beijing, 1994 (in Chinese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юань илай сицзан дифан юй чжуньян чжэнфу гуаньси данъань шиляо хуйбянь (Собрание архивных документов и материалов по истории взаимоотношений между местными властями Тибета и Центральным правительством Китая со времени правления династии Юань). Пекин, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
