Vol 16, No 2 (2019)

CROSS-CULTURAL AND ETHNOPSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Association of Personal Identity and Time Perspective in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Cross-Cultural Research

Ignatev P.D., Trusova A.V.

Abstract

The article presents the results of an original cross-cultural study of the identity and time perspective in alcohol-addicted patients. Based on the materials of the two examined patient groups from the Central (N = 79) and Arctic regions (N = 66) of Russia, using a set of the following psychodiagnostic methods - test of 20 statements by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), a semantic time differential and the questionnaire of motivation for alcohol consumption by V.Yu. Zavyalov (MAC) - the regional differences in the identity matrix and temporal orientations were found and described. According to the results of a clinical and psychological research, it was found that for alcohol-addicted patients in general the most significant is a reflexive identity focusing on “negative past”, while considering the past and future in the categories of “activity”, “affective sentiment”, “magnitude”. The leading alcohol use motives are hedonistic, ataractic, and activation behavior. At the same time, the communicative identity, “perceptibility” of the entire psychological time, as well as pseudocultural motive causing alcohol abuse are significantly present in the identity matrix of the patients from Saint Petersburg. In the group of patients from Yakutsk, there is a significant orientation toward a “fatalistic present”, with the “structurization” of the past, present, and future. The intergroup correlations between the various aspects of personal identity and time perspective, as well as the hierarchy of motives in patients with alcoholism in a socio-cultural context are shown. The correlation patterns between the identification characteristics and time perspective have significant differences in the two groups studied. The data obtained reflect the social specifics of the central regions, as well as the cultural characteristics of the northern nationalities with their inherent desire to avoid uncertainty. From these data, it can be concluded that the socio-psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of alcohol dependence are significant.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):127-146
pages 127-146 views

Dynamics of Representations about Moral Person in Sakha Adolescents (2002-2017)

Eliseeva N.D.

Abstract

High rates of social and economic changes actualize the problem of morality in modern society. Currently, the psychology of morality has taken shape in a separate scientific research area. The study of the problem of morality in the framework of its cultural understanding, the analysis of the dynamics of ideas about the morality within the culture is of particular relevance. The aim of the current research is to study the dynamics of the implicit representations of the Sakha adolescents about a moral person in the period from 2002 to 2017. It was assumed that there had been no significant changes in the implicit representations for 15 years. In total, 522 people took part in the study, including the preparatory stage. The samples of the first (2002) and second (2017) sections were equalized by gender and age (112 adolescents 14-17 years old, including 49 boys, 63 girls). The study was conducted in the same localities of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The method proposed by the Japanese researchers H. Azuma and K. Kashiwagi, the original questionnaire compiled on the basis of descriptors of the studied culture, was used for the diagnosis. In addition, for a qualitative study of the implicit representations, the analysis of actions that prove the morality of the described person was carried out. The results were processed using factor and content analysis. It has been established that the most stable are implicit ideas about mutual aid and support, respect for the social and natural world, the importance of traditions and the preservation of the “culture of silence”. It is assumed that the family plays an important role in maintaining the stability of moral values. The differences are manifested in the fact that in the content characteristics of the implicit representations the emphasis is shifting from the peculiarities of the interaction with the outside world to the manifestation of personal qualities.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):147-162
pages 147-162 views

PERSONALITY AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY

Psychosocial Status of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Awaiting Heart Transplantation

Shindrikov R.Y., Shchelkova O.Y., Demchenko E.A., Sitnikova M.Y.

Abstract

A pilot study of psychosocial status of 80 patients (85% males) with terminal chronic heart failure (CHF), during the preparation for heart transplantation (HT) has been carried out in the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The correlation of psychological, medical, biological and socio-demographic characteristics of patients as well as the dynamics of patients’ emotional state (anxiety and depression) during a long cardiology hospital stay (4 measurements over half a year) has been studied. The authors’ structured interview and a set of psychodiagnostic methods (“Index of General Well-being”, “Brief neuropsychological examination of cognitive sphere”, depression scale (SDS), scale of anxiety (STAI), personality questionnaire BIG-V) have been used in the study. For mathematical and statistical data processing the following methods included in the software package SPSS v. 20.0 have been used: the Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2), the Mann - Whitney U test, the Spearman and Pearson correlations, and ANOVA. The results revealed the absence of clinically significant signs of depression, cognitive impairment, personality and system of significant relationships in the majority of patients at the first stage of the study (upon admission into hospital). The exception was the increased level of situational anxiety (M ± m = 43.2 ± 7.1). The study of the dynamics of the emotional state of patients reflected a systematic increase in the average group indices of the depression scale (upon admission M ± m = 46.9 ± 6.7; after 2 months M ± m = 48.9 ± 7.4; after 4 months M ± m = 51.1 ± 7.6; after 6 months M ± m = = 52.6 ± 7.5), as well as a decrease in the level of situational anxiety at the second stage of the study compared with the first and a further increase starting from the second period: after 2, 4, 6 months of the stay in hospital, respectively: M ± m = 41.3 ± 5.2; M ± m = 46.7 ± 6.8; M ± m = 50.8 ± 7.9). It was revealed that the level of situational anxiety at the second (F = 6.18; p < 0.05) and the third (F = 4.11; p < 0.05) stages of treatment is significantly higher in the patients after myocardial infarction(s). Also, the level of situational anxiety is higher at the first (F = 4.00; p < 0.05) and third (F = 3.68; p < 0.05) stages of hospitalization of the patients who have rare meetings with relatives as compared to the patients who are often visited by their relatives. The results reflect the psychosocial potential of patients waiting for HT, and may have a prognostic significance in relation to adherence to treatment in the postoperative period, which, in turn, largely determines the survival of patients.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):163-180
pages 163-180 views

Perception of Importance of Emotional Support under Stress and Characteristics of Individual’s Social Network

Kryukova T.L., Aripova A.O.

Abstract

The article gives the concept of emotional support as a social support component shown in stress and coping problem field; it focuses on the problem of relations between the socio-psychological traits of one’s social network and the value of emotional support. The goal is to confirm the interplay between a person’s social network while under stress with situations of different complexity levels. It is assumed that there is a connection between the social and psychological qualities of the network with stressful situations of high and medium levels of emotional complexity. The study involves 196 men and women (17-60 years old; average age - 37 years old, SD = 12.5). Among the methods there is authors’ questionnaire and the G. Perry’ Social Network technique (1990). The results show that there are relationships between the qualities of a person’s social network (breadth, structure) and its estimates of the value of emotional support in stressful situations of medium and high levels of emotional difficulty. It has been found that the emotional support is most important from people from the social network of the personality in the situations of loss, and the least important in the following situations: “reconciliation of spouses”, “end of loan payments” and others. If a person has many friends included into their social network, they value less emotional support in situations of “birth of a child” and “personal success”. People appreciate the importance of the emotional support more if they receive it from their spouse in the situation of “dismissal from work”; from the colleagues the emotional support is the most important in the situations of “dismissal” and “change of position”. At the same time, the statistically significant associations of the social and psychological qualities of the social network and the value of support for an individual in everyday life/emotionally simple situations have not been revealed.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):181-195
pages 181-195 views

Emotional State Features in Women Raising Children with Developmental Disorders

Grinina E.S.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the emotional state of the modern women raising children with developmental disorders. This subject is relevant not only in the context of the emotional health of modern women, but also in connection with close psychological interference of mother and child with developmental disorders. According to the modern literature these parents have specific emotional sphere and personality characterized by a prevalence of guilt, anxiety, changing of value system, self-deprecation, etc. The most relevant is the analysis of the level of stress and depression as significant indicators of not only the emotional well-being, but also the possibilities of activating and implementing the adaptation and mobilization mechanisms of the personality. A comparative empirical study of the emotional state was conducted in the women raising children with developmental disorders and women raising healthy children. In accordance with the PSM-25 Psychological Stress Measure and the Beck Depression Inventory there is a decrease in the manifestation of an acute reaction to stress factors, the chronization of stress state with a tendency of the transition of the emotional sufferings to a depressive phase in the women raising children with developmental disorders. The results of the “Sack’s Sentence Completion Test” technique show that 80% of the answers of the mothers raising children with developmental disorders as “emotionally negative” whereas in the control sample “emotionally positive” answers prevail (85%). The data obtained in the course of empirical research allow us to state the expressed disruptiveness of the emotional condition of the women raising children with developmental disorders, the tendency to depression, mainly negative nature of emotional experiences, and chronic mental tension. The decrease in the level of stress in combination with higher rates of depression, demonstrates a decrease in the emotional adaptation potential of such women, the transition of experiences to a deeper, immobilizing level. The analysis of the research data suggests that it is necessary to start psychological support of mothers raising children with developmental disorders as early as possible, to develop adaptive ways of responding to a stressful situation, which will help prevent chronic stress and developing of a depression.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):196-212
pages 196-212 views

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION

Pedagogical Content Knowledge, School Climate and Instructional Effectiveness of Secondary Schools Business Teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria

Bukki A.O., Dosunmu M.M., Bukki T.O.

Abstract

This research examined the relative influence of pedagogical content knowledge and school climate on instructional effectiveness of secondary schools business teachers in Ijebu Division, Ogun State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (PCKS), Organizational Climate Index (OCI) and Teacher Effectiveness Questionnaire (TEQ) were used as the instrument for data collection. The statistical method of analysis used for testing the raised questions were Simple percentage, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Regression Analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between pedagogical content knowledge, school climate and instructional effectiveness of secondary schools business teachers in Ijebu Division, Ogun State. Furthermore, pedagogical content knowledge, school climate significantly influenced the business teachers’ instructional effectiveness in secondary schools. It was recommended among others that principals should ensure that cooperative school climate that can inspire teachers to effectively fulfil their duties is created. The government should persuade and support business teachers to focus on conferences, workshops and seminars that will boost their pedagogical content knowledge in the fulfilment of their duties efficiently.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):213-223
pages 213-223 views

CROSS-NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION: ON 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF PSI CHI INTERNATIONALIZATION

Psi Chi at 90 Years: The International Honor Society in Psychology

Takooshian H.

Abstract

In 2019, Psi Chi celebrates its 90th and 10th birthdays as the National and International Honor Society in Psychology. This review of the glorious history of Psi Chi is in three parts: (1) its current mission, serving over 750000 life members in 1130 college campuses world-wide; (2) its humble but inspiring origins in 1929 at Yale University; (3) four points of impressive courage within the history of Psi Chi - in 1929, 1959, 1981, and 2009; and also includes a bibliography, for international and U.S. readers to access prior histories of Psi Chi.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):224-236
pages 224-236 views

How Psi Chi Became the International Honor Society in Psychology

Davis J.M.

Abstract

Psi Chi, the National Honor Society in Psychology, was founded in 1929 during the Ninth International Congress of Psychology at Yale University, the first convened in the United States. Eighty years later, in 2009, Psi Chi officially became the International Honor Society in Psychology. Now, on the tenth anniversary of that change, it seems fitting to tell the story of how Psi Chi became the International Honor Society in Psychology. Several former leaders contributed significantly to this international expansion. My involvement began when I was elected to the position of Vice-President for the Southwestern Region. During my two terms as VP, I advocated for an international perspective whenever possible. After completing my second term as VP, I was elected to the position of PresidentElect and began writing short articles for Eye on Psi Chi that suggested a more international perspective. As President, I continued the effort to encourage Psi Chi to become international. I developed ten proposed amendments to the Psi Chi Constitution that, if approved, would transition Psi Chi from a national to an international society. During the last business meeting of my term as Past-President in August 2008, the Council approved all ten amendments. The final step, a national vote by the Psi Chi chapters in April of 2009, also approved all ten amendments and made the changes official. Now, in 2019, Psi Chi celebrates the tenth anniversary of the transition from a national to an international society with 23 chapters in 15 countries or U.S. territories.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):237-244
pages 237-244 views

Psi Chi in Global World: Vision of 9 International Chapters

Takooshian H., Nieves-Lebrón Y., Delgado-Acosta B.M., Talavera P.D., Cruz-Bermúdez N.D., Rivers A.M., Grazioso M., Mejía M., Williams D., Sooknanan G., Hosein A., Tarkhova V.S., Kardashova S.Z., Kozhukhova Y.V., Choy T.L., Danielson K., Adonis M.N., Ioannou Y., Lima E.

Abstract

Since 2009, when Psi Chi became the International Honor Society in Psychology, outstanding faculty and students across many nations have stepped forward to join the Psi Chi family of 750000 life members in 1130 schools on six continents. How is the Psi Chi experience changing lives around the world, as it has been doing since 1929 in the USA? Here, for the first time, Psi Chi “pioneers” in 9 international Chapters share in their own words and images their Psi Chi experiences.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):245-269
pages 245-269 views

Psi Chi: 10 Years of International Opportunities for Psychology Students and Researchers

Cramblet Alvarez L.D., Domenech Rodríguez M.M., Zlokovich M.S.

Abstract

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RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):270-274
pages 270-274 views

Transforming Psi Chi and Psychology Through Internationalization

Domenech Rodríguez M.M.

Abstract

-

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):275-278
pages 275-278 views

The How and Why of Creating the First Psi Chi Video

Karlin N.J.

Abstract

In 1998, Psi Chi produced its first video, under the guidance of Vice President Nancy Karlin. This nine-minute video offers detailed information featuring leading psychologists like Albert Bandura, Michael Wertheimer. Here, Dr. Karlin describes the back-story on how she crafted this stillunique video, which has been translated into Russian and is often used for chapter induction ceremonies the past 20 years. In English: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8Y8m2qxhS4 In Russian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t63fKZ1OPY

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):279-282
pages 279-282 views

Psi Chi Online Video Resources

Denmark F.L., Grazioso M., McCormick M.A., Orozco V.A., Schottenfeld M.A., Sozinov A.A., Takooshian H., Vardi A., Young J.R.

Abstract

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RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):283-286
pages 283-286 views

Persons

My Scientific Supervisor - GM: to the 95th Anniversary of G.M. Andreeva

Bovina I.B.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the 95th birthday of Galina M. Andreeva, an outstanding scientist, a wonderful, bright personality. Memories about the scientific supervisor brings back to the 90s of the last century, when students were lucky enough to listen to lectures of G.M. Andreeva on social psychology, history of western social psychology (shared with N.N. Bogomolova and L.A. Petrovskaya) and psychology of social cognition. Readers can easily imagine the founder of the Social Psychology Department at the Faculty of Psychology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. A person with an outstanding life, that could hardly have been imagined otherwise: a voluntary participation in the WW2, studies at the Faculty of Philosophy, the rebirth of sociology in Russia, the foundation of the Department of Social Psychology, and many generations of social psychologists.

RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics. 2019;16(2):287-292
pages 287-292 views

CONFERENCES

pages 293-298 views

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