No 1 (2016)

The article shows how the logical and philosophical analysis of language contributes to the solution ontological problems of philosophy and science.

The article is devoted to the philosophical and scientific understanding of the problem of mentalities. It presents a brief outline of the ideas and research that preceded the explicit formulation of a problem of mentalities, analyzed some of the ideas of the French historical school of annals, and linguistic science regarding the issue of mentalities. The article argues that appropriate and heuristically fruitful to consider the mentality as “the subconscious” of culture by analogy with the personal subconscious.

On the basis of the joint examination of semantics of logic Boole and Frege and their subsequent agreement to construct a semantic theory which is named Boole Ç Frege semantics. The ontological argument, the underlying semantics and Boole Ç Frege essentially distinguishes it from other semantics is as follows denotation truth is only used denotation in this semantics.

The modern theories of the origin of language have reached the parity in the argumentation. And now the knowledge of this sphere is expressed with the antinomies. It means that the conflicting approaches are veritable to the same extent. In the cognitive science there is the so-called “Rubicon problem”, which is unsolvable without breaking of the consistency of the one of the conflicting theories. Some researches recognize the deductibility of faculty of language from the animal communication system, whereas others do not recognize it. Both parties have the strong argumentation. This article deals with the ethological, semiotic and psychological approaches to language as abstract symbolic system on the one hand and as social and communicative activity on the other hand. In the context of the “Rubicon problem”, Vygotsky’s works obtain the “novel sound”. The heritage of the ideology-driven Soviet psychological school is relevant again even for the Western scientists. The social and cultural-historical determination of the faculty of language allows bridging the gap between cognitive-ethological and nativist approaches. We argue the idea of under-determination of the ontological status of language as the biological communicative system: the polemic between gradualists and saltationists is far from its completion.

This article deals the philosophical foundations of L. Binswanger’s Daseinanalysis. It’s shown M. Heidegger’s ideas (i.e. a man as Dasein and human being moduses) to be sours of the Binswanger’s psychotherapeutics practice.

The article analyzes the socio-cultural genesis of ritual nephew theft of property (cattle) uncle of the mother as an example of reconstruction of Kazakh legal custom “zhienkuryk”. The author's understanding of the concept of common law and customary law. Reveals mythological reason ritual theft by analyzing archetype “perpetual revival” (immortality).

The article describes the history of the evolution of the content, semantic specificity, and the role of the philosophical categories of “value” from antiquity to the twentieth century. It is shown that the tendency of vesting the meaning of “value” in a certain sense, in the history of European axiology developed from the ethical and aesthetic meaning of the concept to ontological, epistemological, methodological and instrumental.