No 2 (2015)

The paper analyses main approaches to the problem of moral regulation of the use of force: nonviolence ethics, deontological ethics of force, consequentialist ethics of force. The author elaborates arguments against nonviolence ethics and outlines a synthetic approach that takes into account objective reasons generating deontological and consequentialist ethics of force.

The article examines the tradition of considering the conception of corporeal existence of a man in Nietzsche’s thought and suggests the possible ethical aspect of this idea. The concept of the body is specified by considering the symbolic meaning of this concept in the context of the idea of being responsible “here and now”, of philosophy of gesture, of deconstruction of the unconscious motive of thought and morality, of the Nietzsche’s theory of the eternal recurrence.

The article deals with patriotism as value and norm of the civil ethics, its substance, basics and functions as well and the transformation of patriotism that have happened through last twenty-thirty years. Patriotism in the soviet society was one of fundamental values of state ideology and social consciousness. Though nowadays national loyalty and patriotism are frequently declared as archaic, irrational or morally inappropriate positions. The author analyses the cause of these changes in the system of values of social consciousness. Relying on works by Z. Bauman, J. Isensee, H. Krings, A. Leist, A.S. Panarin, J. Habermas etc. the author demonstrates that modern democratic society is impossible beyond particular constitutional state as well as without loyalty and social responsibility of its citizens. It is shown two approaches to the basing of patriotism: culture-ontological and individual-ontological. A. Leist describes three methods of the basing of patriotism in the of individualistic alternative: liberal patriotism, value patriotism and particular patriotism.

The article analyses reasons and consequences of the European politics of multiculturalism. The author considers the notion of national identity in the environment of migrants. The multicultural policy may generate social conflicts in the modern world. There are often attempts to solve these conflicts by intensifying of multicultural policies, that makes the situation more difficult and generates new conflicts.

The article is devoted to the ethical code in order to improve the implementation of municipal officials of their duties. Adherence to ethical principles is the key in assessing the quality of their professional activities and official conduct. The approved ethical service principles, in turn, provide the general guidelines, ensuring the integrity and viability of the service as a system.

In the article analyses three historico-philosophical concepts determined as progressive, eschatological and transcendental . It is marked, that the third concept was developed by M.K. Mamardashvili who made a start in his constructions from Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Opens specificity of Mamardashvili’s approach to treatment of philosophy, a history of philosophy and all spiritual culture. The symbol of consciousness considers by him as «the empty form», something transcendental, due to which the process of transcending is possible, generation of the person as spiritual-moral being. From the same point of view all history of philosophy investigates not as studying philosophical empirical facts, but as attempt to take part in the act of producing ideas. On this basis carries out distinction between philosophy “symbolical” (speaking on language of symbols) and phenomenological, transcendental. In Mamardashvili’s understanding the latter does not study and create symbols but studies their work in consciousness.

Intensive development of biotechnology problematize the boundaries between the phenomenon of technological artifacts and natural objects. Intensive development of biotechnology problematize the boundaries between the phenomenon of technological artifacts and natural objects. Dramatically increasing opportunities of artificial intervention in human biology (development of reproductive technologies, biotechnology manipulation at the cellular level, organ and tissue transplantation, neuro-and psycho), accompanied by a radical transformation of human nature, caused a heated debate on the humanitarian risks of biotechnology. In this regard, especially important to study the ethical issues of biotechnology to improve the design and the nature of man.

The article is devoted to moral dilemmas of such phenomenon of modern science as cloning in order to investigate possible perspectives based on moral norms in the society. Now the evaluation of quality of physicians’ professional activity is based on Hippocratic ethics and it requires a special approach in each situation at the same time, because we are dealing with interdisciplinary knowledge. It is necessary to create a solid ethical and moral background physicians could rely on in their professional and research activities.