No S5 (2013)

Questions about the method of delivery in incomplete pregnancy always remained and would remain relevant. One of the main causes of perinatal mortality in preterm infants is a generic injuries, largely due to inadequate maintenance of preterm birth. Selection of the optimum tactics of perinatal risk factors — the most important reserve for improving the health status of newborns.

The case-control study was designed to determine prevalence and risk factors of fetal growth restriction (FGR) in 588 women. Two hundred fifty three factors were analyzed. It’s shown, that FGR history 6.1-fold increases the risk of FGR in consecutive pregnancy (OR 6.1; CI 95% 3.7—10.0; p < 0.001). Main FGR risk factors are obesity (OR 7.6; CI 95% 2.0—29.2; p = 0.037), more than two cases of early pregnancy loss in history (OR 3.2; CI 95% 1.9—9.2; p = 0.037), chronic endometritis (OR 4.1; CI 95% 1.6—10.6; p = 0.006).

A prospective study found that early pregnancy in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia is characterized by a higher frequency of complications. А significantly lower magnesium content in erythrocytes of pregnant women with dysplasia was determined. The decrease of magnesium in red blood cells in women with dysplasia less than 1.65 mmol/L can be used as a predictor of the risk of retrohorial hematoma.

Reduced placental vasculature was revealed using 3D Doppler ultrasound at 8—14 weeks' gestation in 25 women who had missed miscarriages in 2—6 weeks. The values of placental vascularization index below 10,8% and vascularization flow index less than 3,6 at 8—14 weeks' gestation are predictors of missed miscarriages and early placental insufficiency.

Prospective analysis of 60 cases with non-developing and normal pregnancy, clinical, biochemical, transvaginal sonography, statistical, histopathological.

Work is devoted to studying of microbial colonization and infection associated with health care in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) to evaluate the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains and the choice of treatment. In preterm with IVH complicated by progressive hydrocephalus revealed different variations of the colonization of hospital microorganisms, which changed over hospital treatment. The main microorganisms, which colonized mucosa of oropharynx, respiratory tract and intestines, were Gram negative bacteria multiresistant to antibiotics. In patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy (1,5 months or more), despite the use of antifungal drugs, appeared fungal flora; in 15% of cases — types of Candida non-albicans. The cause of nosocomial ventriculitis in infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in 70% had Gram positive organisms, in 30% — combined bacterial and fungal infection. When choosing a treatment strategy for these children must take into account the results of microbiological studies and antibiogram.

This is the only experimental study that offers mechanical isolation of stromal cells from normal endometrium and endometrium from patients with adenomyosis, uterine myoma and endometrial hyperplasia. Endometrial stromal cells have been cultured and characterized. And there are comparative data on the expression of surface markers, which are phenotypic features of mesenchimal stem cells, by endometrial stromal cells.

The state of the ovaries in women who are in the perimenopausal period, studied the significance of ovarian reserve tests in predicting the onset of menopause and menopausal disorders. Found effective definition of a complex endocrine markers inhibin B, FSH, and AMH to predict the onset of the menopausal transition.

The study included 155 women of reproductive age with extended forms of genital endometriosis. The developed algorithm of treatment has improved the reproduction health after treatment this disease.

Patients with infertility and hyperprolaktinaemia have early reproductive losses in 27,4% of cases after pregnancy in a natural cycle, in 33,7% of cases — after the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs. Programs of a pregravid preparation developed considering the individual risk factors, allows to reduce the frequency of reproductive losses to 5,8%, premature births — to 2,9%.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) efficacy directly depends on patient reproductive age. “Poor” ovary response, diminished quality of oocytes and embryos obtained and as a result decreased ability of blastocyst nidation to decidua are obstacles to good results of ART program. Melatonin, a neuropeptide, is well-known to be deeply involved in the process of organism ageing. This hormone takes part in oxidative stress degree decreasing in ovary follicles and defends oocytes from aggression of free radicals. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of traditional ART program with additional correction with exogenic melatonin in infertile women of advanced reproductive age. It was characteristic for infertile patients of advanced reproductive age to have sharp decrease in levels of melatonin secretion. This reflects disturbances of hypothalamo-pituitary chain of reproductive system. Additional donation of exogenic melatonin (Melaxen) in some cases of ART program potentially increases the chances of successful outcome.

The article indicated the relevance of pelvic floor dysfunction in women of reproductive age. The dependence of the vaginal biotope and cervical disease from having NTD revealed the earliest pathognomonic sign of of pelvic floor dysfunction.

The frequency of the female genital prolapse varies from 34,1% to 56,3% in different countries. Pathogenesis and morphological changes in uteri ligaments in female genital prolapse are not clear and have to be investigated. The goal of our study was to investigate uteri ligaments in female genital prolapse by immunohistochemical analyses of collagen I and III and elastin. The study was performed on biopsies of sacro-uterine and round ligaments from 15 women with genital prolapse and 15 women without prolapse. The tissues were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut for the slide. Immunohistochemistry was done with primary antibodies collagen I and III (Novus Biologicus, 1:100 и 1:200 and elastin (Thermo Scientific, 1:100). Morphological analyses of ligaments in prolapse showed fibrosis and elastic fibers fragmentation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed collagens disbalance: with prevalence of collagen III and decrease in elastin compared with control. Impairment in elastic fibers quantity and distribution affects microcirculation and results in connective tissue desorganisation in uterine ligaments, leading to genital prolapse. Further investigations are needed to reveal diagnostic markers and women at risk.

This review presents data on some of the peculiarities of normal labor in modern conditions.

The survey provides data on the clinical effects of hyperbaric oxygen in obstetrics at various pregnancy complications and no illnesses related to pregnancy.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most common serious infection of nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Goals of the therapy must include the resolution of clinical signs, the eradication of pathogens from genital tract and the prevention of sequelae primarily including the development of chronic inflammation. The paper deals with the currennt problems and contraversial issues of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. This review presents the results of domestic and foreign studies, and the own view of the issue, the prospects and possible solutions.

This article reviews the literature on the problem of optimizing the diagnosis of endometrial disease in women receiving adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen after surgery for breast cancer.

Issues regarding diagnosis of endometrium hyperplasia (EH) are still under discussion. Despite of the variety of contradictory scientific investigations performed and an intensive search for EH and endometrium cancer molecular-genetic markers, it is still impossible to choose informative prognostic factors of the formation and development of the disease.

Study basic physiological functions of dentoalveolar system represents a significant theoretical and practical interest. At present, in the presence of extensive studies of the functions of dentoalveolar system conducted by physiologists, integrated approach to the study of age and Clinical Physiology this field is missing. The results of these studies are needed, as dentists and paediatricians, general practitioners and other clinicians.