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Features of the nervous system of adolescents with different type of regulation of the heart rate
- Authors: Yamanova G.A.1, Kudrin R.A.1, Antonova A.A.2
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Affiliations:
- Volgograd State Medical University
- Astrakhan State Medical University
- Issue: Vol 28, No 2 (2024): CARDIOLOGY
- Pages: 192-205
- Section: CARDIOLOGY
- URL: https://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/39714
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2024-28-1-192-205
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZYKOPW
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Abstract
Abstract. One of the urgent problems of age-related physiology for a long time remains the study of the processes of functioning of body systems in adolescence. The study of the interrelationships of the regulatory mechanisms involved in the formation of an adequate adaptive response during this period is an urgent area of physiological research. Aim. To study the features of the functional capabilities of the nervous system of students of different ages, depending on the prevailing contour of heart rate (HR) regulation. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted among 323 male students of the Cossack cadet corps aged 10 to 17 years. The software complex “Health-express-2” (“Medical Computer Systems”, Russia) was used to register and analyze heart rate variability, as well as to assess the functionality of the nervous system. Results and Discussion. The students of the IV category of HR regulation may indicate an inadequate reaction of the nervous system, depending on the learning conditions. The age dynamics of indicators of the functional capabilities of the nervous system of students has similar changes for categories of rhythm regulation with a pronounced predominance of either the central contour or the autonomous contour. Conclusions. The significance of the influence of various departments of the autonomic nervous system is confirmed by age-related changes in the parameters of the functioning of the nervous system of students with different types of HR regulation. The results obtained allow us to conclude about the complex relationship between the functional capabilities and mechanisms of regulation of the body of students in the learning environment.
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Table 1 Relative distribution of students of different ages by categories of CP regulation,% (statistical criterion t-Student’s criterion for independent samples)
Regulation of HR | 10–11 years (n = 105) | 12–13 years (n = 104) | 14–15 years (n = 93) | 16–17 years (n = 68) |
I category | 4,8 (n = 5) | 12,5 (n = 13) | 5,4 (n = 5) | 4,4 (n = 3)* |
II category | 26,7 (n = 28)** | 17,3 (n = 18) | 12,9 (n = 12)** | 14,7 (n = 10) |
III category | 62,9 (n = 66)** | 62,5 (n = 65)** | 70,9 (n = 66)** | 67,6 (n = 46)** |
IV category | 5,7 (n = 6) | 7,7 (n = 8) | 10,8 (n = 10) | 13,2 (n = 9) |
Note: HR — heart rate; * — statistically significant differences when compared with the pupils of 12–13 years; ** — statistically significant differences when compared with the I category of HR regulation.
Fig. 1. Comparative analysis of reaction stability among students of different ages (М)
Table 2 Indicators of the correlation dependence of the functional capabilities of the nervous system on the category of regulation heart rate coefficient (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient rxy)
Regulation of HR | Reaction stability, s-1 | The level of functionality, s-2 | The functional level of the system, s–2 |
10–11 years (Me (Q25; Q75), n = 105) | |||
I | 2,6 (1,7; 3,8) | 13,6 (7,2; 19,6) | 62,9 (42,7; 76,5) |
II | 3,3 (1,9; 4,7) | 15,9 (9,7; 21,5) | 67,4 (44,9; 71,3) |
III | 5,1 (3,1; 7,2) | 11,2 (7,3; 19,4) | 61,9 (43,5; 83,7) |
IV | 2,5 (1,6; 5,1) | 10,8 (8,7; 16,1) | 51,7 (31,1; 68,0) |
r | 2,6 (1,7; 3,8) | 13,6 (7,2; 19,6) | 62,9 (42,7; 76,5) |
12–13 years (Me (Q25; Q75), n = 104) | |||
I | 5,2 (4,2; 6,9) | 28,5 (19,6; 35,2) | 97,6 (82,9; 107,9) |
II | 4,5 (2,3; 5,8) | 23,4 (13,2; 28,2) | 77,52 (64,1; 94,3) |
III | 4,0 (2,2; 5,9) | 20,9 (10,2; 29,2) | 87,7 (59,2; 97,3) |
IV | 3,3 (1,9; 4,7) | 14,1 (10,9; 24,5) | 65,2 (53,4; 81,8) |
r | -0,2 | -0,94 | -0,82 |
14–15 years (Me (Q25; Q75), n = 93) | |||
I | 4,0 (3,4; 6,4) | 18,3 (15,1; 32,5) | 74,6 (66,7; 98,3) |
II | 4,6 (3,5; 6,1) | 21,1 (16,7; 32,2) | 77,7 (71,4; 108,5) |
III | 4,0 (2,3; 5,7) | 22,9 (15,8; 30,3) | 88,4 (54,4; 105,1) |
IV | 4,8 (2,8; 6,3) | 28,5 (16,4; 36,2) | 97,5 (60,0; 107,7) |
r | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,2 |
16–17 years (Me (Q25; Q75), n = 68) | |||
I | 3,5 (3,3; 5,8) | 16,8 (15,8; 30,8) | 91,4 (90,4; 102,5) |
II | 3,6 (2,3; 4,6) | 18,0 (10,9; 23,9) | 72,3 (53,3; 85,3) |
III | 4,0 (2,5; 5,7) | 18,8 (11,7; 30,4) | 74,8 (58,2; 98,1) |
IV | 2,6 (2,2; 5,1) | 12,5 (9,5; 23,9) | 58,5 (49,8; 88,4) |
r | -0,2 | -0,1 | 0,3 |
Fig. 2. Age-related dynamics of indicators of functional capabilities of the nervous system of children of the I category of heart rate regulation
Fig. 3. Age-related dynamics of indicators of functional capabilities of the nervous system of children of the II category of heart rate regulation
Fig. 4. Age-related dynamics of indicators of functional capabilities of the nervous system of children of the III category of heart rate regulation
Fig. 5. Age-related dynamics of indicators of functional capabilities of the nervous system of children of the IV category of heart rate regulation
About the authors
Galina A. Yamanova
Volgograd State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: galina_262@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2362-8979
SPIN-code: 8719-9094
Volgograd, Russian Federation
Rodion A. Kudrin
Volgograd State Medical University
Email: galina_262@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0022-6742
SPIN-code: 5485-9609
Volgograd, Russian Federation
Alyena A. Antonova
Astrakhan State Medical University
Email: galina_262@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2581-0408
SPIN-code: 8105-1039
Astrakhan, Russian Federation
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