Analysis of the features of representation of candidates in the 2024 US presidential elections in the application of generative artificial intelligence

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Modern artificial intelligence applications are increasingly covering various areas of society. They are beginning to have a noticeable impact on politics in general and political communication in particular. Of considerable interest is the analysis of the role of AI applications in the electoral process. The purpose is to identify the content and semantic features of the presentation of texts generated by one of the most popular online services (neural networks) ChatGPT for key text queries related to the two main candidates in the 2024 US presidential election - Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. The main empirical methods of the study were quantitative content analysis of an undirected type and frame analysis. The information array consisted of the results obtained from 41 text queries. The total volume of generated texts was 3503 words. As the result, it was found that the texts of the largest volume are generated by the artificial intelligence application based on queries related to the possible role of the two specified politicians in solving certain current problems of American society, and not to their personal and professional traits. In the course of the research, at least two popular frames found in the generated texts were identified - “efficient politician” and “ineffective politician”. Both the overall frequency of occurrence of the designated frames in texts dedicated to the two political leaders and the number of key expressions-markers responsible for the manifestation of both frames were determined. This made it possible to establish in relation to which topics a particular frame is more common. The general conclusion was made that in the texts generated by ChatGPT in the texts about Kamala Harris, the frame “efficient politician” is more often presented than in similar texts dedicated to Donald Trump.

About the authors

Dmitriy I. Kaminchenko

Lobachevsky State University; Neimark University

Author for correspondence.
Email: dmitkam@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3193-3423

PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Political Science, Institute of International Relations and World History, Lobachevsky State University; Senior Researcher of the Cognitive Security Lab, Neimark University

23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russian Federation; 6 Nartova St, Nizhny Novgorod, 603057, Russian Federation

Aleksandr Yu. Petukhov

Neimark University; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: lectorr@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7412-5397

PhD in Political Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Mathematical Methods of Political Analysis and Forecasting, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Head of the Cognitive Security Lab, Neimark University

1 Leninskie Gory St, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; 6 Nartova St., Nizhny Novgorod, 603057, Russian Federation

References

  1. Antonov, E. (2023). D. Trump before the 2024 presidential electoral campaign. Russia and America in the XXI century, 6. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18254/S207054760029530-0
  2. Baum, J., & Villasenor, J. (2023). The politics of AI: ChatGPT and political bias. Official Site of Brookings (commentary). Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-politics-of-ai-chatgpt-and-political-bias/
  3. Belyakov, M.V., & Maksimenko, O.I. (2023). Dialogue systems: history of development and GPT chatbots as a new linguosemiotic reality. Voenno-gumanitarnyy al’manakh: materialy XVII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii po aktual’nym problemam yazyka i kommunikatsii (pp. 477–485). Moscow: Voennyy universitet Publ. (In Russ.)
  4. Cervas, J., & Grofman, B. (2022).Why Donald Trump should be a fervent advocate of using ranked-choice voting in 2024. PS: Political Science & Politics, 1(55), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096521001232
  5. Gerken, C. (2024). The Power to Exclude: The (mis)Treatment of unaccompanied minors under the Trump and Biden Administration. Human Rights Review, 25, 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-024-00721-y
  6. Heseltine, M. (2023). Assessing Trump’s presidential endorsements while in and out of office (2018–2022). Electoral Studies, 85, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102661
  7. Himmelstein, D.U., & Woolhandler, S. (2021). Recovering from Trump: Biden’s first 100 days. The Lancet, 10287(397), 1787–1791. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00979-X
  8. Kjeldgaard‑Christiansen, J. (2024). The Voice of the people: Populism and Donald Trump’s use of informal voice. Society, 3(61), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-024-00969-7
  9. Łabuz, M., & Nehring, C. (2024). On the way to deep fake democracy? Deep fakes in election campaigns in 2023. European Political Science. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41304-024-00482-9
  10. Petukhov, A.Yu., Polevaya, S.A., & Gorbov, E.A. (2021). Modelling the Influence of RT and BBC on Cognitive Attitudes and Psychophysiological Indicators of Individuals. Opera Medica et Physiologica, 8(3), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.24412/2500-2295-2021-3-34-41
  11. Petukhov, A.Yu., Polevaya, S.A., & Polevaya, A.V. (2022). Experimental Diagnostics of the Emotional State of Individuals Using External Stimuli and a Model of Neurocognitive Brain Activity. Diagnostics, 12(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010125
  12. Rogov, S.M., & Rogova, N.V. (2024). The first stage of the US 2024 election campaign. Russia and America in the XXI century, 3. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18254/S207054760030461-4
  13. Simon, J., & Sonnicksen, J. (2024). A conservative (r)evolution? Constitutional-political crises, Trumpism, and long-standing trends of conservative transformations in the United States and beyond. Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 65, 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11615-023-00527-6
  14. Smith, A., Bhugra, D., Chisolm, M.S., Oquendo, M.A., Ventriglio, A., & Liebrenz, M. (2024). Ethics and disinformation on the campaign trail: psychiatry, the Goldwater Rule, and the 2024 United States presidential election. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 31, 100692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2024.100692

Copyright (c) 2024 Kaminchenko D.I., Petukhov A.Y.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies