«Вы обязаны, простите, вы должны» - вежливость в разных культурах
- Авторы: Алсина Мария Перейра де Соуза -1
-
Учреждения:
- Университет Мадейры, Португалия
- Выпуск: № 4 (2014)
- Страницы: 44-59
- Раздел: Статьи
- URL: https://journals.rudn.ru/linguistics/article/view/9382
Цитировать
Полный текст
Аннотация
Drawing on an empirical study undertaken in 1998-9 and 2008, this paper suggests a renewed and refreshing view (Micklos 2001: 5) on an ever-problem posing issue as is the role of modality in communicative and intercultural competence. In fact, this diachronic case study aims at reassessing some evidence on EFL learners’/undergraduates’ reading habits in a FL context, grounded on empirical research undertaken in Madeira Island in 1998-1999 compared with data collected in 2008. The former involved a representative number of informants: 12 th form Humanities students ( n = 197) and first- and second-year undergraduates ( n = 57) taking English - Joint Honours - at the University of Madeira. Their response to a questionnaire on reading habits, purposes, strategies and text types in English as a foreign language, has offered renewed insights on a changing trend in the use of modals by EFL undergraduates for global communication. The analysis of respondents’ use of modals (1998/9-2008) unearths a shifting cline from the use of “must” to “should”. Consequently, it is necessary to ponder on how demands of a society associated with globalisation have affected patterns of education / instruction in both secondary and higher education. In this paper it is thus argued that fostering speakers’ linguistic and discursive awareness with an emphasis on the grammatical, pragmatic and semantic levels, contrastively, contributes to speakers’ awareness of specificities of both their mother tongue and foreign/additional language in a dialogic and dynamic way.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
- Алсина Мария Перейра де Соуза
Университет Мадейры, Португалия
Email: ninita@uma.pt
доктор, профессор
Список литературы
- Almeida, M.-E. (2006). “Valores modais do imparfait de l’indicatif e do conditionnel passé (deuxième forme) na tradução portuguesa de três obras de Camus”. In Processos Discursivos de Modalização - Actas do III Encontro Internacional de Análise Linguística do Discurso. Universidade do Minho, Colecção Hespérides. 57-69.
- Biber, D., et al. (1998). Corpus linguistics: investigating language structure and use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Biber, D., et al. (2004). Longman student grammar of spoken and written English. Essex: Longman / Pearson Education.
- Bybee, J., et al. (1994). The evolution of grammar - tense, aspect, and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.
- Byram, M. (1988). Cultural studies in foreign language education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Byram, M. & Grundy, P. (2003). Context and culture in language teaching and learning. LICE: 6. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
- Campos, M.- H. (1997). Tempo, aspecto e modalidade. Porto: Porto Editora.
- Celce-Murcia, M., Larsen Freeman, D., Williams, H. (1999). The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Michigan: Heinle & Heinle.
- Coates, J. (1983). The Semantics of the modal auxiliaries. London: Croom Helm.
- Halliday, M.A. K. (1970). “Functional diversity in language, as seen from a consideration of modality and mood in English”. Foundations of Language. 322-361. Reprinted in part in Kress (1976). 189-213.
- Halliday, M.A.K. (1970). “Language structure and language function”. In J. Lyons (ed.), New horizons in linguistics. London: Penguin. 140-165.
- Chambers, I. (1995). Migrancy, culture, identity. London & New York: Routledge.
- Cunha, C. & Cintra, L. (1992). Nova gramática do português contemporâneo. Lisbon: Edições Sá da Costa.
- Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- Cunha, C. & Cintra, L. (1995 [1984]). Nova gramática do português contemporâneo. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 11th edition.
- Faerch, C. & Kasper, G. (1984). Strategies in interlanguage communication. London: Longman.
- Doughty, C. (2004). “Effects of instruction on learning a second language: a critique of instructed SLA research”. In B. Vanpatten, J. Williams & S. Rott (Eds), Form-meaning connections in second language acquisition. Mahwah/NJ: Erlbaum.181-202.
- Ellis, R. (2008). Investigating grammatical difficulty in second Language learning: implications for second language acquisition research and language testing, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(1). 4-22.
- Gilquin, G., Papp, S., & Díez-Bedmar, M.(Eds). (2008). Linking up contrastive and learner corpus research. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
- Hinson, B. (Ed.) (2000). New Directions in Reading Instruction. Delaware: International Reading Association.
- Hoey, L. (1977). Adverbs and modality in English. London & New York: Longman.
- Howcroft, S. & Gomes, M. (2006). “The use of modals and modality by Portuguese university students”. In Processos Discursivos de Modalização - Actas do III Encontro Internacional de Análise Linguística do Discurso. Universidade do Minho-Colecção Hespérides. 123-136.
- Juana, I., Marin-Arrese, L., Hidalgo, D. and Plaza, S. (2004). “Evidential, epistemic and deontic modality in English and Spanish: the expression of writer stance in newspaper discourse”. In R. Facchinetti & F. Palmer (Eds), English modality in perspective: genre analysis and contrastive studies. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. 3-25.
- Kasper, G., & Rose, K. (2001). Introduction. In K. Rose & G. Kasper (Eds.) Pragmatics in language teaching Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1-9.
- Kasper, G., & Rose, K. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
- Keck, C. & Biber, D. (2004). “Modal use in spoken and written university registers: a corpus-based study”. In R. Facchinetti & F. Palmer (Eds), English modality in perspective: genre analysis and contrastive studies. Frankfurt: Peter
- Kramsch, C. (1994). Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Leech, G. (1983). Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
- Leech, G. (2004). “Recent grammatical change in English: data, description, theory”. in K. Aijmer and B. Altenberg (eds), Advances in Corpus Linguistics: Papers from the 23rd International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora (ICAME 23), Göteborg 22-26 May 2002, Amsterdam: Rodopi. 61-81.
- Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Maingueneau, D. (1997). Novas tendências em análise do discurso (trans. Adagoberto Batista). Brazil: UNICAMP - Pontes Editores.
- Markee, N. (2000). Conversation Analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Marques, R. (2004). “On the system of mood in European and Brazilian Portuguese”. In Revista de Linguística Portuguesa, vol.3 (1). 89-110.
- Morgan, C., Cain, A. (2000). Foreign Language and Culture Learning from a Dialogic Perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters - Modern Languages in Practice.
- Palmer, F. (1986). Mood and Modality. Cambridge: C.U.P.
- Partington, A. (1998). Patterns and Meanings: Using Corpora for English Language Research and Teaching. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
- Phillipson, R. (2003). English-Only Europe? Challenging Language Policy. London and New York: Routledge.
- Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., Svartvik, J. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. London: Longman.
- Sampson, G., D. McCarthy (Eds) (2004). Corpus Linguistics: Readings in a Widening Discipline. London: Continuum.
- Sealey, A. and B. Carter (2004). Applied Linguistics as Social Science. London and New York: Continuum.
- Sinclair, J. (1992). Collins Cobuild English Grammar. London: Harper Collins.
- Viana, V. (2006). Modals in Brazilian advanced EFL learners’ compositions: a corpus-based investigation, Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional development, 7, 77-86.
- Wales, K. (1997). A Dictionary of Stylistics [1989]. London: Longman.
- Willems, G. (1993). “Transcultural linguistic competence: the basis of European unification”, Línguas Vivas, Federação Nacional das Associações de Professores de Línguas Vivas, Lisbon. 5-18.