No 1 (2010)

A modification of the attitude to death and peculiarities of perception of it to man are marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the New Time. In the article under comparison are macabre images of cultures of Europe of the 15th century and Russia of the 17th century. It is permitting pick out general outlines of the medieval Christian culture and bring to light the originality of national picture of universe.

In the article the author analyzes the formation of liberally-democratic direction in public thought of Russia in post-reformal epoch. As example are taken the works of V. Goltsev, the editor of the «Russian thought» magazine and one of the most famous representatives of liberalism of that time. In the article are shown some basic ideological elements of reformatory democratism, its liberally-democratic model is defined. The author also outlines the methodical approaches to research of liberally-democratic thought.

The topic of the article is an attitude of Russian radical preservators of monarchy to revolutionary populism. The author analyzed the papers by M.N. Katkov, V.P. Meshchersky, L.A. Tikhomirov, R.A. Fadeev, who defend Russian monarchy and sharply criticize revolutionary populists.

The Brest peace treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany appeared controversy to some Russian entrepreneurs in the spring-summer of 1918. Entrepreneurial associations of central Russia decided to cooperate with Bolsheviks, who had concluded the separate treaty with Germany. The members of these organizations did not trust to stability of new regime and hoped by way of compromise to preserve their business. The businessmen, who have found themselves on the German's controlled territories, assumed pro-German orientation in hope to develop the commercial and industrial affaires. The entrepreneurial organizations in the East of the country were in favor of keeping of their obligations towards alliesе.

In authors article are considered the basic stages of distribution of the Buddhism on the Bottom Volga region, within the limits of the Astrakhan province. Analysed characteristic features of historical development of a Buddhist community (sangha) at Kalmyks, participation of Buddhist clergy in political life of region. Determined and considered specificity of interaction of a Buddhist community with secular authorities of region and national elite.

The politics of Soviet rule in respect with Muslim clergy of the Northern Caucasus in 20s - beginning of 30s of the 20th century is examined in this article. Its peculiarities and dynamics of development are revealed under the influence of changing social and political, as well as cultural situations both in Soviet State on the whole and in national autonomies of the Northern Caucasus.

Given article represents the first attempt to investigate and analyze a state of affairs in the international interuniversity programs and standards in the European countries and the Russian Federation in the field of higher education.