No 2 (2010)

In the article are analyzed contradictions and calls of multiculturalism in today's Europe in view of modern global problems, attempts of construction of the unipolar world. During it creatively applied principles of philosophy of a history and culture, developed by I. Kant. carries out the analysis of their studying and application in the modern western research literature.

In the article is analyzed the specificity of «sciences about spirit», their difference from natural-science knowledge as in a subject (being - existing), so on a method (mathematics, «monologue» and, accordingly, hermeneutics, «dialogue»). Qualitative feature of social-humanitarian knowledge is seen also in the statement of values («the truth of heart») and available and comprehension of a phenomenon of freedom resisting to a determinism of a nature. It is marked, that not to realize specificities of «sciences about culture» results to degradation and, as consequence, dehumanization, fraught catastrophic consequences for existence of the person and development of a society.

In the article there are analyzed the preconditions of appearence of geometrical program of substatiation of mathematics. The main obstacles to the development of research in this field are common views about unreliability of geometrical understanding in mathematics. Reabilitation of geometry is possible and the main propositions of its critics in discussions about the basis of mathematics can be disputed. Though, to establish geometrical approach to substantiation of mathematics it is necessary to clarify gnoseological nature of geometrical intuition, its genesis and special role in mathematical thinking. This will mean the return to the number of propositions of the philosophy of mathematics of I. Kant and R. Descartes.

The paper studies the concept of property developed by B.N. Chicherin. The essence and the origin of the property phenomenon, the relation of freedom and property, the economic and the juridical content of the right to property and special features of the existence of property are analyzed from the philosophic-legal and socio-historical points of view.