No 3 (2013)

In the investigation by the analysis possible variants of correlation between means and the aim, violence and non-violence, among which specially Machiavelli’s ( only the virtue political aim justifies any means ), Machiavellianism ( the aim justifies any means ), humanistic ( the virtue aim can be achieved only by virtue methods) and pacifists (nonresistance to evil by force ) defines special features of humanistic understanding . It is asserted that the decision of modern global both international, and internal problems can be reached only on the basis of a humanistic policy of non-violence, ( nonresistance to evil by violence, that doesn’t except, but sometimes need resistance to evil by force) which principles are opened in «axial time» by world religions and philosophy, and which were advanced by I. Kant, F. Dostoevsky, M. Gandy, M.L. King, etc.

The article analyses the concept of virtue in the later works of F. Nietzsche, considering possible interpretations of the criticism of the classical concept of virtue and the significance of psychological (subjectivist) method for dealing with the problem.

The article analysis ethical problems of globalization: moral dilemmas of multiculturalism, patriotism, and tolerance; contradiction between ethics of well-beeing and ethics of survival; the new character of moral evil and dramatic contradiction between the “death of the Subject” and keen necessity of his reconstruction in situation near the “point of Chaos”.

The article deals with tolerance as an idea and a principal of behavior, as a specific mechanism of support to peaceful co-existence of social groups. It is looking through the origin and historical change of tolerance idea content including philosophical-ideological basics of it contemporary understanding. Analysis of tolerance principal practical realization makes the conclusion about limited regulatory potentialities of this principal. Tolerance does not liquidate the conflict between interests and values. For moral values this conflict might be even destructive.

Author of this article comes to the conclusion that in a culture of consumption Christian concept of love has not lost its relevance. Love as the base value is the basis of 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous, which is formed on the basis of the outlook and healthy lifestyle.

The article analysis current views of notion, essence and main problems of computer ethics. The article also considers moral, ethical, social and legal aspects of the development of modern information technology and artificial intelligence.

The article analysis current concept of physical standard and its evolution. The concept of physical standard was influenced by Darwinism in the beginning of XXth century. It radically changed after The Second World War because of human rights organizations’ activity. Rights of patients were expanded. Criteria of medical norm became more flexible. They are formed not only by medical science but by cultural factors as well.