No 4 (2013)

The article demonstrates that the logical-philosophical analysis of Copernicus’ Principle and Anthropic Cosmological Principle (B. Carter) refers us to the Plato’s Cosmic Principle. The basis for their constructive critic is the appearance of the inflationary universe theory in modern quantum cosmology. This Theory allows the development of the Universe within two stages: 1) inflation and 2) evolution. It is shown that the same two-stage requirement detected in the development of an observer (the Human Being). This similarity can be fixed in the “Principle of genetic similarity” (PGS) of the observer and the Universe. PGS can be used as: 1) the criteria for demarcation of realistic and nonrealistic scenarios which are describing the Universe, 2) the basis for reconsideration of certain problems of biomedical ethics.

This paper conceders basic presuppositions of the theory of denotation and proposes the axiomatic theory of denotation. Lesniewski’s elementary ontology is embedding into the axiomatic theory of denotation.

In this paper is shown that such characteristics of knowledge as the mystery and the scientific problem are different by their essence from the viewpoint of the cognitive and values consciousness’ function. The mystery is a form of spirituality, where the knowledge and experience of reality are a kind of the syncretic unity. Therefore, the mystery is uninterpreted form of the spirit in essence. I show that cognitive features dominate over the value features inside the scientific problem. So, the problem can be transformed into a finite number of available, algorithmic tasks. The problems ‘task is to introduce the subject of knowledge into the field of the unknown structural relationship of reality. A mystery brings to mind the person about the infinity of being.

It is demonstrated in the paper the process of transition from the interdisciplinarity (relationships between scientific theories as logical systems) to the dialogue and intersubjectivity (relationships between creators, authors of theories) and, further, to the convergence, such type of thinking, when science builds qualitatively new technosphere, which will become an organic part of nature.

Subject to review in this article are the epistemological comparison parameters concepts of knowledge, truth, misconception and prejudice. The study identifies some logical consequences of this comparison. Based on the study of epistemological dimension of prejudice to establish a certain theoretical conclusions, allowing to rethink the nature and a role of prejudice as a special kind of epistemic states of consciousness.

This article examines basic stages of the development of medical cognition, each of them being some type of human relation to the Nature and the corresponding way to the human being’s identification. The interrelation of a human being and environment is expressed through the health and illness conceptions which are used by the medicine to form the reality of human body and mind.