Abstract
Despite the considerable number of studies on the historical process of formation of the Brazilian nation, it seems to be important to examine this problem from the socio-cultural point of view. We should refer to the beginning of the historical process, when the "Brazilian" appears not only as a subjective phenomenon of self-identification, but, above all, as a phenomenon of social and cultural reality. We will try to make a brief historical overview of the most significant ideas pertaining to the subject, because the matter of Brazilian identity appears to be basic for a researcher of Brazil's history, sociology and culture.