The conceptual semantics of “money” and “money verbs”

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The central purpose of this study is to apply the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) method of semantic-conceptual analysis to the word ‘money’ and to related “economic transaction” verbs, such as ‘buy’, ‘sell’ and ‘pay’, as used in everyday English. It proposes semantic explications for these words on the basis of conceptual analysis and a range of linguistic evidence and taking account of lexical polysemy. Even in its basic meaning (in a sentence like ‘there was some money on the table’), ‘money-1’ is shown to be surprisingly complex, comprising about 35 lines of semantic text and drawing on a number of semantic molecules (such as ‘country’, ‘number’, and ‘hands’), as well as a rich assortment of semantic primes. This ‘money-1’ meaning turns out to be a crucial semantic molecule in the composition of the verbs ‘buy’, ‘sell’, ‘pay’, and ‘(it) costs’. Each of these is treated in some detail, thereby bringing to light the complex semantic relationships between them and clarifying how this bears on their grammatical properties, such as argument structure. The concluding section considers how NSM semantic-conceptual analysis can help illuminate everyday economic thinking and also how it connects with Humanonics, an interdisciplinary project which aims to “re-humanise” economics.

作者简介

Cliff Goddard

Griffith University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: c.goddard@griffith.edu.au
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2523-2855

Cliff GODDARD is Professor of Linguistics at Griffith University and a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities. He has published widely on semantics, ethnopragmatics and language description. His latest books are Ten Lectures on Natural Semantic Metalanguage (2018, Brill) and Minimal Languages in Action (2021, Palgrave).

澳大利亚, Brisbane Queensland 4111 Australia

Anna Wierzbicka

Australian National University

Email: anna.wierzbicka@anu.edu.au
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6074-7865

Anna WIERZBICKA is Professor of Linguistics (Emerita) in the School of Literature, Languages, and Linguistics at Australian National University. Her work spans a number of disciplines, including anthropology, psychology, cognitive science, philosophy and religious studies as well as linguistics, and has been published in many journals across all these disciplines. She has published over twenty books, including Imprisoned in English (2014, Oxford University Press, 2014) and What Christians Believe: The story of God and people in Minimal English (2019, Oxford University Press). Professor Wierzbicka is a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, the Australian Academy of Social Sciences, the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is the winner of the International Dobrushin Prize for 2010 and of the Polish Science Foundation’s 2010 prize for the humanities and social sciences.

澳大利亚, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia

Gian Marco Farese

University of Milan

Email: gianmarco.farese@unimi.it
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1579-5104

Gian Marco FARESE (PhD) is a tenure-track researcher and lecturer in English linguistics in the Department of Language Mediation and Intercultural Communication at the University of Milan, Italy. His research interests include the language-culture interface, cross-linguistic semantics, intercultural pragmatics, translation studies, linguistic anthropology and cognitive linguistics. He is the author of two monographs and several peer-reviewed articles in international journals of linguistics.

意大利, Piazza Indro Montanelli, 1 – Mediapolis 20099 Sesti San Giovanni (MI), Italy

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