Vol 22, No 2 (2021)

The article is devoted to the actual task of planning the work of a group of different types of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth. An enlarged algorithm for solving the planning problem for different types of spacecraft is described. The result of the enlarged algorithm is sought in the form of a set of reference plans for groups of similar spacecraft, thinned out by removing some of the conflicting operations of resetting the sensing data. The characteristics of the developed plans largely depend on the methodology used to account for the impact of cloud cover. The possibility of implementing a methodology based on the use of files of current weather forecasts of hydrometeorological centers downloaded from the Internet in the form of a special application is investigated. The created application is being tested on the real data of the hydrometeorological center downloaded from the American server, which covers a large region, including the European part of Eurasia and part of Africa. An application that simulates the distribution of points within a region estimates the number of points covered by weak cloud cover (20% or less). Based on the results of the simulation, it was found that the proportion of points available for shooting lies in the range from about a quarter to a third. Based on the obtained quantitative estimates, it is concluded that taking into account the influence of cloud cover radically changes the reference plans calculated taking into account only illumination, and affects the structure of the enlarged planning algorithm.

The current trend of replacing metal alloys with composite materials in the manufacture of various types of plain bearings, sealing elements of Assembly units, anti-friction bushings, and other machine parts is very promising for the development of many industries. However, in the manufacture of composite material products by modern methods, such as extrusion, pressing, and injection molding, various types of defects characteristic of these types of processing occur, resulting in the required parameters of the quality of the working surfaces of parts are not provided. This leads to the need for additional mechanical processing the quality of which largely depends on the reliability and durability of the functioning of parts and mechanisms. The article analyzes the main parameters that affect the quality of the surface obtained during turning for metal alloys, as well as for composite materials. The method of obtaining blanks by pressing from the material under consideration was developed, the technological equipment necessary for the research was designed and manufactured, a plan was developed for conducting a full-factor experiment with the creation of a model in the Mathcad program, and an active experiment was carried out to determine the influence of cutting mode parameters on surface roughness. Given the results of the study on the basis of which conclusions about the dependence of various cutting parameters on the quality of the surface layer, defined by the nuances of turning the considered composite material, practical recommendations that will positively affect the timing and success of implementation of fabrication of parts from this material.

Rolling bearings are widely used in the products of aviation and space technology. To ensure their long-term trouble-free operation, it is necessary to have accurate and reliable information about the forces acting on the bearings. The required values of forces and, accordingly, the required durability of bearings are usually determined on the basis of the traditional design scheme of a double-support beam (smooth beam mounted on two hinged supports). The paper presents a new interpretation of the features of the operation of bearing units on ball radial single-row bearings installed according to the «cross located» arrangement. It is shown that under conditions of combined loading, including radial and axial forces, the generally accepted theoretical model of a doublesupport beam is not implemented. There is no single calculation model that adequately reflects the nature of the interaction of bearing parts over the entire range of external loads. In the most general case, this model can be represented by a sequence of five statically indeterminate calculation schemes, which are modified and transformed into one another. So, with an increase in the external radial force, the “cantilevered beam with additional hinge support” scheme is first implemented, which, then, is transformed into the “double-sided jamming” scheme, and that, later, is transformed into the “two double hinge supports” scheme. It is also possible to implement two intermediate transition schemes. A specific example shows that in the products of aviation and space technology, determining the durability of bearings based on the traditional model is not advisable, since it can give an overestimated value with an error of 28,37 to 26663,9 times.

The runway for the General Planetary Vehicle is a unique in scale and complexity infrastructural construction - an overpass with a length of 40 000 km, covering the planet along the equator and combined with a string-rail transport of the “second level”. This high-tech structure is a supporting structure for the General Planetary Vehicle and a communication artery that ensures the movement of passengers and goods, as well as the transfer of large amounts of energy and information. The article discusses the location of the overpass in the plan, indicates the most difficult sections and ways to overcome them. The options for the layout of the General Planetary Vehicle overpass are proposed, the main functional areas and structural elements are described. Significant factors affecting the implementation of the project, the problems inevitable in the development of the main elements, as well as solutions to optimize this transport and infrastructure complex have been identified. Solutions were proposed to optimize the overpass routing to overcome mountainous areas of the earth’s surface, considering the required takeoff and landing characteristics of the General Planetary Vehicle.

The conditions of the formation of nonmetallic and ore minerals in limnogenic structures are considered. It has been established that lakes are natural enriches of a wide range of useful components - silicate, carbonate, water-soluble, ore, organomineral. The most significant minerals of modern lakes, in addition to water, are: sapropel, diatomite, lime and mineral salts. Deposits of sand, clay, oil shale, oil and gas, coal, phosphorites, zeolites, evaporites, bauxites, ferromanganese, copper ores, placer minerals, and some rare and dispersed elements are associated with limnogenic complexes of different ages. It is shown that a greater variety of minerals of ancient lacustrine complexes compared to modern ones is associated both with variations of lacustrine lithogenesis in the past and with post-sedimentation transformations of sedimentary matter. In particular, epigenetic enrichment of ancient lacustrine complexes with ore components is noted. It was revealed that hydrocarbons and diatomites of lacustrine genesis are of a higher quality compared to similar minerals of marine genesis. It is noted that evolutionary changes in the processes of accumulation of limnogenic minerals have affected to the greatest degree biogenic and chemogenic components. An example of this is the progressive accumulation of caustobiolites and the sulfate evolution of evaporites in lacustrine structures during the Phanerozoic. An analysis of the genetic characteristics of lacustrine minerals makes it possible to develop new exploratory traits of a number of sedimentary deposits.