Vol 26, No 3 (2018)

The paper presents data on the environmental features of the avifauna of the parks in Minsk. Ecological groups and ecological status of birds are revealed. The greatest variety is characterized by a group of Passerine. The dominant species are forest birds. It is established that the majority of birds are nesting settled. The most favorable place for birds is the territory of the Drozdy Park.

In 2017, which was held in the Russian Federation under the aegis of the Year of Ecology, its 100th anniversary marked the first Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve. Currently, there are 302 specially protected natural areas (PAs) of federal significance in the Russian Federation. There are 105 nature reserves, 55 national parks, 58 sanctuaries and 17 natural monuments and 67 dendrology parks and botanic gardens with a total area of more than 70 million hectares. In 2018, 2 more national parks in Dagestan Republic and Chelyabinsk region and 6 PAs will be created on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Within the framework of the Concept for the Development of the System of Naturally Specially Protected Areas of Federal Significance for the Period to 2020 the Scientific and Methodological Center (FSBI “Information-Analytical Center for Specially Protected Natural Areas Support” of Ministry for Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation) at once two projects in the field of environmental education “Letters to animals” and in the field of development of ecological tourism and biodiversity conservation “Wild Nature of Russia: to Preserve and to Watch”, protection of areas “Immediate Response Unit”, development of scientific researches “European Chronicle of Nature” and “Educational Centre”.

The efficiency of solar-induced destruction of herbicide atrazine in natural water and aqueous extract from agrogenic and unbroken soil by using photo-Fenton system was studied in this work. 80-90 % atrazine was removed in all water matrices. Using xenon lamp as a solar simulator, the rate of atrazine destruction was found to be higher in aqueous soil extracts than that observed in natural water. However, no significant difference was found between the destruction dynamics in natural water and soil extracts, exposed to natural solar light. This could be attributed to the higher hydroxyl radical exposure under the higher UV irradiance of the Sun.

Civil structures are often built on sands, which are widespread in the upper part of the geological section. These soils usually serve as a reliable basis for engineering structures, but under certain conditions can cause large complications and even endanger the life safety. Analysis and generalization of the construction experience allows us educe three groups of problems that need to be identified and addressed timely. Most of the problems are related to water-bearing sands. Water flows, breakthrough of pressure water and quicksand are very common phenomena that complicate the excavation of construction pits and the device of underground structures. To protect against groundwater is often used dewatering, which can disrupt the stability of the surrounding buildings in high-density urban development. The second group of problems is related to the process of suffusion. The most dangerous of its manifestations are suffusion failures, leading to emergency situations and sometimes to the destruction of structures. The third group of problems is caused by specific reaction of sands to dynamic impacts, in particular, by liquefaction of water-saturated sandy soils. The consequences of such a reaction can be very serious: the immersion of the structure in the ground, the uplift of piles or bridge supports, the float up of underground tanks, the uplift of liquefied soils from under the foundation until the formation of a building tilt or overturning of the structure.

In the article the prediction of ecological consequences of contamination of components of the landfill gas air to a residential building, located on the territory close to the landfill. A method for calculating the dispersion of landfill gas taking into account the influence of the building, based on the numerical solution of differential equations, heat transfer, Reynolds, exponential distribution, supplemented by corresponding models of turbulence, initial and boundary conditions. The technique allows to take into account the spatial heterogeneity of landfills and rolling pins as the source of the pollutant, as well as the process of penetration of polluted air into the interference. Performed software implementation and verification of the method on the example of the range “Novoselki” (Saint Petersburg) and the adjacent warehouse buildings and residential complex for the most unfavourable wind conditions taking into account the averaging over time. The ecological and toxicological analysis of landfill gas taking into account its main components, and also the analysis of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk at chronic influence on the abstract person living in the room in which the air polluted by landfill gas penetrates is carried out. The results can be used to determine the amount of maximum permissible emissions of landfill gas components, the scale moat sanitary protection zones of landfills and dumps, detecting the identification of the most polluted places on the street and indoors, the health risk assessment of residents as a result of chronic action of toxic substances, the syndrome of “sick building” caused by penetration of contaminated air into the room through openings in the walling, the solution of applied problems of ecological safety of construction, housing and communal services and public health.

This article looks into groundwater pollution in Nigeria; groundwater uses and suggests how to go about protection of Nigeria’s underground water. There were case studies of wells at different regions; content analysis indicated physical, chemical and organic factors with parameters that surpassed upper boundaries established by World Health Organization. The public full understanding of economic and social importance of underground water will help in Full integration of Comprehensive Regional Groundwater Protection Program for Nigeria.