On the forest biocenoses of the Green Book of the Bryansk region: biomonitoring and ecological-phytocenotic characteristics

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Introduction The Green Books of regions known for Siberia, Samara and Bryansk region, Ukraine, are created based on a conceptual rule of theoretical and applied ecology about priority of conservation of communities - biotopes for the growing of rare species of flora and fauna. These fundamental works, which synthesize the results of vegetation conservation studies of biogeographic areas with detailed development of classification of communities based on the method of ecological-floristic classification, less often - dominant approach, provide basic biomonitoring and identification of development directions in natural processes [1; 2]. The aim of the work is to present parameters of forest specially protected natural territories (SPNT) in the Bryansk region during the implementation of bio-monitoring of the regional Green Book. The Green Book of the Bryansk region in 2012 revealed the database of plant communities of various categories of environmental importance, considering the peculiarity of the floral composition, the participation of rare species, the uniqueness of the coenostructure, the size, and dynamics of coenoareas, degree of impairment [1]. The perspective of this paper includes the description of dynamic processes, clarification of the location of communities, ecological-botanical characteristics of the edificatory and rare species. Expert study of indicators reflecting the specificity of plant communities in the regional Green Book, will optimize and take to a new level the protection of flora elements, approach to decisions on inventory of biofuels, carry out change accounting during demutting succession [6; 8]. Subsequently, based on the biomonitoring data bases, decisions can be made about the environmental status of facilities, age status of rare species, effectiveness of conservation measures of natural facilities, and regulating the use of agricultural land to reduce negative impacts on the biota and biotope communities. Materials, methods, and research methodologies To solve the problem of the composition of plant communities of different categories of the regional Green Book model sites are laid out in 10 protected areas; on some of them - permanent key sites - observations were carried out since 2015, temporary sites for biodiversity inventories describe forest communities not previously identified in surveys. For the biomonitoring, natural protected sites were taken into account, providing, in particular, territorial protection of communities of the Green Book: Nature monument Ryovny (Navlinsky district, 18 ha, landscape), Ryovny Oak Groves (Navlinsky district, 68 ha, complex), Dobrunsky Slopes (Bryansk district, 10 ha, landscape), “Lyubin Khutor” (Novozybkovsky district, 164 ha, forest), Brasovskaya Oak Grove (Brasovsky district, 430 ha, botanical), Sevskaya Oak Grove (Sevsky district, 457 ha, landscape), Vladimirskaya Oak Grove (Komarichsky district, 54 ha, botanical), Desyatukha Oak Grove (Starodubsky district, 20 ha, landscape), Semetskaja Oak Grove (Pochepsky district, 92 ha, complex), “Ancient Park in Lyalichi” (Surazhsky district, 63 ha, complex).[1] On the monitoring routes there were described elements of forest vegetation cover, fixed elements of flora, including rare and invasive species, conducted geobotanical description of plant communities according to the method of ecological-floristic classification J. Braun-Blanquet (1964) [3] at key test sites of 400 m2. In the study, there was revealed a complete floral composition, noted an abundance of species, and the consistency of forest biotypes. In the case of the cameral data processing, syntactic tables were compiled, projective coverage of species was indicated in the scores given by the combined scale of abundance-coverage J. Braun-Blanquet [3]. Environmental factors expression scores were calculated using H. Ellenberg scales (1992) [10]. The titles of syntaxons correspond to the Code of phytosociological nomenclature, considered modern works on syntaxonic solutions in the classification of forest communities [4; 9; 12; 13]. For the analysis of the indicators of the floral diversity, the indicators - α-diversity (floristic saturation) were defined, calculated values of the Shannon - Weaver index to reflect the heterogenicity of the coenoflora, using data on percentage abundance covering the species in community descriptions and α-diversity elements. Research findings The biomonitoring of forest communities from the Green Book of the Bryansk region is conducted to evaluate the distribution of phytocoenoses of various associations on SPNT, to identify negative factors that negatively affect the state of macrocomplexes, to forecast the development of forest plantations with significant value in environmental protection; to draw up a map of the extent of monitored communities. In the area of nature monuments for biomonitoring, 6 associations and one subassociation were characterized as having significant value as a focal unit. The following are classified as reference trees (indicative for forest biocenosis of the central Russia): communities of associations Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015, communities of associations Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris Semenishchenkov in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 - class Carpino-Fagetea Jakus ex Passarge 1968, order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawlowski, Sokolowski et Wallisch 1928, alliance Querco roboris - Tilion cordatae Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015, communities of associations Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003 - class Quercetea robori-Petratae Br.-Bl. Et Tx. et Oberd. 1957, order Quercetalia roboris Tx. 1931, alliance Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercion roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003. Rare communities, characteristic of habitats with specific ecological factors, rich in species, belong to the class communities Carpino-Fagetea - association Lathyro nigri - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003, order Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae Klika 1933, alliance Betonico officinalis - Quercion roboris Goncharenko et Semenishchenkov in Goncharenko et al. 2020, and association Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 (alliance Querco roboris - Tilion cordatae, order Fagetalia sylvaticae). In nature monuments a rare community of flood plain forests was studied- association Filipendulo ulmariae - Quercetum roboris Polozov Solomeshch 1999 in Semenishchenkov 2015 - class Alno glutinosae - Populetea albae Fukarek et Fabijanić 1968, order Alno - Fraxinetalia excelsioris Passarge 1968, alliance Faxino - Quercion roboris Passarge 1968 [1; 4]. The main phytocoenotic characteristics of communities are described below. All forest communities are biocoenosis in specific habitats, for instance, on river valleys, slopes of beams, plain areas with subsidence between the ravine landscape, often in the places of carbonate rock yield. Development of reference and rare group forest biocoenosis is determined by the ecological characteristics of edifiers and dominants. Also considered in the community analysis are characterized by unique location of the cropped landscapes and habitat factors, creating a range of geographically diverse species that make up the lists of protected elements of flora [1]. Only in the habitats of the nature monument “Lyubin Khutor” communities of subassociations Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 described, in the habitats “Ancient Park in Lyalichi” (P. Zawadovodsky estate) - community of the association Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008. The reference communities of associations Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015, Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003 and Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris Semenishchenkov in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008, territorially identified for SPNT, floristically and structurally correspond to descriptions of inventory characteristics in the Green Book of the Bryansk region; only their location that do not mentioned in the document is noted. In the acidophyte pine-broad-leaved forests of the association Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercetum roboris coenoflora is represented by 76 species, average α diversity - 35 species per 400 m2 in the gyro-mesofy broad-leaved forests of the association Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris coenoflora of 72 species, average α-diversity - 32 species; in the mesofy of nemoral grass broad-leaved forest biocoenosis Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris coenoflora onsists of 68 species, average α-diversity - 30 species. In the coenoflora of forest phytocoenoses on SPNT species of regional Red Book are described - Digitalis grandiflora, Sanicula europaea, Lilium martagon, plants of monitoring list - Pyrethrum corymbosum, Anthericum ramosum, Epipactis helleborine. Fragmented reference communities in protected areas without a buffer zone provide biotopes for fewer rare and conservation-sensitive species; registered species are represented by small coenopopulations of reduced vitality [6; 7]. The richness of the coenoflora and the increase in species density indicate that there is a change in demutation and in the indigenous communities. The biotopes of the nature monument “Lyubin Khutor” phytocoenosis of rare subassociation Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 are described, which were formed by the spontaneous growth of an old estate park with rare invasive plants, including a European hornbeam. The subpopulation of coenoflora includes 45 species, average α-diversity - 21 species per 400 m2. The forest plantations are dark, with a bright decided layer, with a slight renewal of the hornbeam and the English oak. Due to the community’s growing in the area of demutation and the depletion of biodiversity because of the absence of species diaspora, the invasiveness of some species-transformers is less than that considered for the model description of the Green Book. Rare species on the regional list of protected species are not noted in the coenoflora. For biotopes of the nature monument “Ancient Park in Lyalichi” of the Surazhsky district mesofiteical nemoral grass ash forests rarely encountered association Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 are described, which also got shaped when the landscape and park work ceased in the middle of the 20th century. The species composition of the association’s coenoflora - 47 species, average α-diversity - 17 species per 400 m2. The regionally protected species listed for these phytocoenoses in the Green Book materials are not identified. Xeromesophytic forests of communities Lathyro nigri - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003 are described for the habitats of the south and center of the Bryansk region on SPNT: coenoflora is represented by 80 species, average α-diversity - 57 species per 400 m2. Forests serve as a reference for species of significant importance in terms of their environment-forming and sozoological meanings. Communities have been less affected by nature-changing activities due to the location on slopes of beams, as well as development on relatively rich carbonate soils. Hygromesozotic flood plain forests, rare dispersed, registered as communities of association Filipendulo ulmariae - Quercetum roboris Polozov et Solomeshch 1999 in Semenishchenkov 2015 are characterized by a low number of species in the coenoflora - 38, low α-diversity - 24 species per 400 m2. From the model descriptions of the Green Book of the Bryansk region, the analyzed phytocoenology characteristics of the descriptions differ from the absence of protected species, low plant diversity due to changes resulting from post-antropogenic recovery, recreational changes and natural successional transformations. Ecological-phytocoenolological features of the communities studied differ for natural monuments habitats (Table 1). When analysing biodiversity characteristics for forest plant communities, differences in the number of species of coenoflora of each habitat and α-diversity were noted: these indicators are determined directly by the category of phytocoenosis and the totality of environment-forming environmental factors. The number of species in the descriptions at the reference sites and in general constituting the forest community in random descriptions is also influenced by the nature-forming activities that affect all biocenoses of the old-developed region. To the greatest extent forest communities of the Green Book of the region experience anthropogenic impact in the habitats of nature monuments “Dobrunsky Slopes” (Bryansk district), “Dubrava Desyatukha” (Starodubsky district), “Vladimirskaya Dubrava” (Komarichsky district). Representation of phytodiversity elements in communities of different associations, as well as species saturation is also determined by the area of protected areas, the presence of a buffer zone and phytocoenotic environment in it - factors of plant species diasporas, including rare flora elements. Thus, relatively low values of biodiversity indicators were revealed for thermophilic oak trees of the nature monuments “Dobrunsky Slopes”, “Dubrava Desyatukha”, “Ryovny”, “Ancient Park in Lyalichi”[2]. In the biotopes of these protected areas, the Green Book monitoring communities have undergone the most significant changes - structural and functional. Due to the impossibility of changing the organisational and legal status of natural monuments and the extreme degree of transformation of landscapes in the areas where protected areas are located, it is necessary to continuously monitor dynamic processes in reference and rare communities [8]. Table 1. Indicators of biodiversity elements of forest communities in protected areas Natural monuments Number of species of coenoflora α-diversity Shannon index Number of invasive species Association Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris 1 Ryovny 59 28.2 ± 2.6 1.54 2 2 Ryovny Oak Groves 72 34.5 ± 2.7 1.52 1 7 Semetskaya Oak Grove 68 33.4 ± 2.9 1.46 1 10 Ancient Park in Lyalichi 59 29.2 ± 2.5 1.41 1 Association Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris 4 Brasovskaya Oak Grove 75 38.5 ± 3.3 2.22 1 7 Semetskaya Oak Grove 74 37.1 ± 3.0 2.14 1 8 Dubrava Desyatukha 67 29.9 ± 2.7 1.16 3 Association Lathyro nigri - Quercetum roboris 2 Ryovny Oak Groves 77 59.3 ± 3.5 2.21 2 4 Brasovskaya Oak Grove 72 58.2 ± 3.7 2.14 2 5 Sevskaya Oak Grove 69 51.5 ± 3.1 2.10 2 6 Vladimirskaya Oak Grove 65 50.8 ± 3.4 1.95 2 8 Desyatukha Oak Grove 61 45.3 ± 3.0 1.67 3 9 Dobrunsky Slopes 59 44.9 ± 3.1 1.62 3 Association Filipendulo ulmariae - Quercetum roboris 1 Ryovny 37 29.4 ± 2.1 1.14 1 8 Dubrava Desyatukha 32 26.5 ± 2.0 1.10 2 9 Dobrunsky Slopes 30 22.8 ± 1.8 1.07 2 Association Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercetum roboris 4 Brasovskaya Oak Grove 79 38.2 ± 3.1 2.52 1 7 Semetskaya Oak Grove 75 33.9 ± 3.0 2.49 1 Association Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris 10 Ancient Park in Lyalichi 47 6.5 ± 1.1 1.14 2 Subassociation Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli 3 Lyubin Khutor 45 20.7 ± 1.3 1.28 2 Source: compiled by A.A. Gaivoronskaya, L.N. Anishchenko. The inventory of phytodiversity elements in SPNTs of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation, including communities of different categories of the regional Green Book, is based on the ecological and floristic classification, which allows us to identify the correlation of syntaxonomic units with the categories of the EUNIS habitat classification. Despite the fact that the key biotope is the central concept of the pan-European nature information system, all habitats are directly diagnosed by plant communities, the typology of which is most fully described by the system of J. Braun-Blanquet. According to the improved classification of habitats of the European expert system EUNIS-ESy, created by leading phytocoenologists of Europe under the leadership of M. Chytrý (2020), belong to type T - Forest and other woodlands. This diverse group is heterogeneous and in protected areas of the old-developed region includes 4 classes [9; 11]. These are categories T1B - acidophytic forests with Quercus: association Vaccinio myrtilli - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003 (reference community); Т19 - temperate and sub-Mediterranean thermophilic deciduous forests: mesophytic non-moral herbaceous broadleaved forests - Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 (reference community), hygro-mesophytic broadleaved forests - Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris Semenishchenkov in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008 (reference community), xeric-mesophytic broadleaved forests - Lathyro nigri - Quercetum roboris Bulokhov et Solomeshch 2003, mesophytic non-moral herbaceous ash forests - Ulmo laevis - Fraxinetum excelsioris Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2008; Т13 - temperate deciduous coastal forest: Hygro-mesophytic floodplain oak woodland communities of the Filipendulo ulmariae - Quercetum roboris Polozov Solomeshch 1999 in Semenishchenkov 2015 (rare community). Indirectly, forests with common hornbeam regenerating during demutational shifts in the presence of diaspores can be classified as Т1Е - forests with Carpinus: subassociation Mercurialo perennis - Quercetum roboris carpinetosum betuli Bulokhov et Solomeshch in Bulokhov et Semenishchenkov 2015 (rare community) [11]. Since all the communities characterised during biomonitoring within the protected areas have small areas and were formed in the course of natural forest formation processes, including biological disturbances and anthropogenic impact, their structural and species characteristics have undergone changes compared to the model descriptions [5]. These changes are reflected in the characteristic synoptic table as an inventory catalogue of phytocoenoses and biotope characteristics: these “slice” descriptions of communities are of great prognostic value in the prospective monitoring of forest vegetation succession. The characteristic table of the subassociation Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris saniculetosum europae demonstrates a set of species dominated by Quercus robur, which indicate that the subassociation community belongs to the ecological and biological group of hygro-mesophytic forests of the southern Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation (Table 2). Table 2. Characteristic table of the subassociation Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris saniculetosum europae subass. nov. prov. hoc loco Description number Tiers 1 2 3 4 5* 6 7 8 9 10 Constancy Height of tree layer, m 22 24 26 22 22 24 25 22 23 23 Crown density of tree layer, % 50 50 55 50 50 55 50 60 55 50 Crown density of shrub layer, % 30 30 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20 Total cover of grass layer, % 45 50 55 60 55 60 60 60 55 55 Number of species 25 30 26 26 23 24 28 25 28 25 Characteristics soils: humidity 6,0 5,8 5,7 5,9 5,9 6,1 6,1 5,8 5,7 5,8 acidity 6,8 6,7 6,4 6,4 6,4 6,5 6,2 6,4 6,4 6,5 mineral nitrogen supply 5,4 5,4 5,5 5,5 5,6 5,4 5,7 5,7 5,8 5,6 Diagnostic species of the association Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris Quercus robur A 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 V2 Quercus robur B . . . + . . . . . + I+ Impatiens noli-tangere D 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 V1 Geum rivale D + + + + + + + + + + V+ Diagnostic species of the subassociation Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris saniculetosum europae Sanicula europaea D + 1 + + 1 + 1 1 + + V+ Diagnostic types of the Querco roboris - Tilion cordatae alliance Picea abies A . + + . + . . . . . II+ Corylus avellana C 1 + 1 + + + + + + + V+ Euonymus verrucosa C . + r . r + + + + + IV+ Picea abies C + . r . . . . . . . Ir Diagnostic species of the order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pulmonaria obscura D 1 + + + + 1 1 + 1 1 V+ Majanthemum bifolium D + r + r + . + . . . III+ Athyrium filix-femina D r . . r r . . r . r IIIr Scrophularia nodosa D . + . . r . . r r r IIIr Anthriscus sylvestris D + . . + . . + . . . II+ Dryopteris filix-mas D . r r . . r r . . . IIr Paris quadrifolia D r . r . r . . . r IIr Convallaria majalis D + + . . . . + . II+ Diagnostic species of the class Carpino-Fagetea Acer platanoides B 1 + + + + 1 1 1 + + V+ Lonicera xylosteum C r . + r . . r . r . IIr Viburnum opulus C . r . . . r + . r r IIIr Mycelis muralis D + + + + + + . + r r V+ Stellaria holostea D 1 1 + + 1 + + . + + V+ Anemona ranunculoides D r r . r . r r + . + IVr Polygonatum multiflorum D . r . . . . r r . . IIr Carex pilosa D r . r . . r r r . . IIIr Milium effusum D + . r . + . . . + + IIIr Paris quadrifolia D r r . r r r r . . IIIr Asarum europaeum D . + . + . + . . . . II+ Melica nutans D . r . r . . . . r IIr Geum urbanum D r r . . . . . r r IIr Corydalis cava D . r r . . + . . . IIr Aegopodium podagraria D . + . . + . . . . I+ Lathyrus vernus D . . + . . . . + . . I+ Lathyrus vernus D . . . . . r . r . . Ir Description number Tiers 1 2 3 4 5* 6 7 8 9 10 Constancy Glechoma hederaceae D . r . . r + . . . . Ir Viola mirabilis D . . . r . . . . r . Ir Actaea spicata D . r r . . . . . Ir Other types Populus tremula A 1 + 1 + 1 1 1 1 2 2 V1 Frangula alnus C . + . + + + + . + + IV+ Sorbus aucuparia C . r r . r . r . r . IIIr Padus avium C . . . . . + + + . II+ Betula pendula B . . . . . + + . + . II+ Veronica chamaedrys D + . . + . . . . + . IIr Lysimachia nummularia D . . . . . r r r . . IIr Fragaria vesca D r . . . . . . . r r IIr Dryopteris carthusiana D r . . . . . . r . r IIr Rubus caesius D . . r . . . r r . IIr Rubus idaeus C . . . . . r r r . r IIr Urtica dioica D . . . . . . r r . r IIr Lathyrus niger D . . + + . . . . . I+ Lysimachia vulgaris D . . r . . . . . r . Ir Moehringia trinervia D . r . . r . . . . . Ir Viola riviniana D . r r . . . . . . . Ir Primula veris D . r . . . . . . . r Ir Solidago virgaurea D . . . . . . . . . . Ir Trientalis europaea D r . . r . . . . . . Ir Pteridium aquilinum D . . . . . . . r r . Ir Note. Found in one description: Stellaria graminea 1 (+), Ulmus glabra C 4 (+), Galium odoratum 3 (+), Crepis paludosa 9 (r), Adoxa moschatellina 7 (r). Description points: 1-5 - Brasovskaya Oak Grove natural monument, Brasovsky district, Bryansk region. 6-8 - Semetskaya Oak Grove natural monument, Pochepsky district, Bryansk region. 9, 10 - Desyatukha Oak Grove natural monument, Starodubsky district, Bryansk region. * - nomenclatural type of subassociation. Layers, h: A - first tree sublayer. B - second tree sublayer. C - undergrowth (shrub). D - herbaceous. E - moss. Source: compiled by A.A. Gaivoronskaya, L.N. Anishchenko. The first sublayer of the stand is represented by English oak with admixture of Populus tremula, Picea abies, but without Tilia cordata, registered for biocoenoses of the main association. In sparse stands the second sublayer of Acer platanoides. Well-developed undergrowth is absent, it is represented by Corylus avellana, Euonymus verrucosa, Lonicera xylosteum - shrub layer closeness does not exceed 30% [12]. Consequently, compared to the habitats of the main association Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris, the light regime of the herbaceous layer is more favourable: the remaining mosaic of the herbaceous layer is represented by few species of nemoral miscellaneous herbs and phytogenic mosaics of Sanicula europaea - a species of the Red Book of the Bryansk region. Subassociation communities are distributed along micro-declines, the external appearance-aspect is characterised by thinning of the stand, often by “forest windows”. It is abiotic ecological factors of light and moisture that primarily stimulate vegetative growth and seed increase of European undergrowth. The species saturation in the association communities varies from 23 to 30 species; the coenoflora includes 55 species. The basis of the coenoflora is represented by affine species of Carpino-Fagetea class. Thus, the identification of diverse phytocoenoses within the reference communities of the Green Book of the Bryansk region allows us to consider this phenomenon as evidence of heterogeneity of biotopic conditions in protected areas, which contribute to the increase of ɤ-diversity of the old-developed region. Conclusion All studied in biomonitoring rare and reference communities of forest vegetation associations in the habitats of natural monuments correspond floristically and structurally to the model descriptions of the Green Book of the Bryansk region. The dynamics of coenoflora indicators, floristic saturation, species diversity for each biocoenosis in the descriptions is determined by eco-factors: fragmentation of the territory, intensive demutational changes of plant communities, absence of a buffer zone in nature monuments and, as a consequence, diasporas of some “forest” species, nature-forming activity in the 50-70s of the 20th century and slow restoration processes. Some ecophytocoenotic indicators - Shannon - Weaver index - are also determined by the area of regional protected areas. Forest communities - xero-mesophytic, mesophytic and hygro-mesophytic forest biocoenosis - are refugia of stenotopic species: forest-steppe and steppe, southern and northern (depending on the location of communities), which makes their role in the ecological framework of the territory irreplaceable. The coenoflora of forest communities of six associations and one sub-association includes 140 species - the high floristic diversity reflects the heterogeneity of habitat conditions and the ecological and botanical uniqueness of the ecotone zone in the Bryansk region. The phytocoenotic environment of the forest vegetation of the regional Green Book contributes to the reproduction of populations of rare species: European undergrowth. Bioinventory reflection of population dynamics of the diagnostic species - allocation in the classification system of subassociation Geo rivale - Quercetum roboris saniculetosum europae. In this regard, it is advisable to continue the development of syntaxonomic solutions and description of syntaxonomic diversity, which will allow to identify new syntaxonomic units, the most significant for biomonitoring of both rare and reference forest communities of the Green Book. The study of biotopic distribution of forest phytocoenoses according to the European habitat system EUNIS has shown the presence of biotopes valuable from the nature conservation point of view in the system of natural monuments of the region - T - “Forest and other forest lands”, including oak forests of different ecological regimes with a huge environment-forming value. These forest plantations need further biomonitoring. Indirectly, the four T-category options also reflect landscape diversity, each of which includes stenotopic species as indicators of ecological conditions. The presented studies are of great importance considering the development of the concept of key habitats and vegetation confinement to rare habitats, adaptation of the expert system EUNIS-ESy (2020) to the conditions of significant diversity of ecological conditions in Russia, and also for the re-publication of the regional Green Book with new biomonitoring bases.

About the authors

Angelika A. Gaivoronskaya

Bryansk State Academician I.G. Petrovski University

Author for correspondence.
Email: eco_egf@mail.ru
Postgraduate student of the Department of Geography, Ecology and Land Management 14 Bezhitskaya St., Bryansk, 241036, Russian Federation

Lidiya N. Anishchenko

Bryansk State Academician I.G. Petrovski University

Email: eco_egf@mail.ru
Professor of the Department of Geography, Ecology and Land Management, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor 14 Bezhitskaya St., Bryansk, 241036, Russian Federation

References