Vol 22, No 4 (2018)

KARL MARX’S 200TH ANNIVERSARY

ABOUT EXISTENTIAL MOTIVES IN K. MARX’S PHILOSOPHY

Bystrov V.Y., Dudnik S.I.

Abstract

Abstact. In the article there is considered the problem of possible rapprochement of Marx’s philosophy and existentialism. This question has the history in J.P. Sartre's attempts to enrich marxism with existentialism and peculiar to it method of “comprehension”. These attempts were criticized as from orthodox marxists (R. Garaudy), and from outside the “right” thinkers (R. Aron) convinced that the contradiction between marxism and existentialism in frames of history of mankind is unsolvable. Besides, in the article there is also analyzed the attempt to connect marxism and existentialism, undertaken by E. Fromm. According to E. Fromm, K. Marx’s philosophy is original “spiritual existentialism” that still was not understoodly orthodox Marxists. Adherents of association of marxism and existentialism are convinced that the marxism philosophy deprived of the existential motives and reduced to the logical and methodological and structurally functional components appears unattractive and even lifeless construct. The revolutionary theory of marxism has to be expressed in the bright formulas sated with passion, it has to be guided not only by rational arguments, but also by “logic of heart”. Such theory has to be existential philosophy. There is a problem, equally important both for K. Marx's philosophy and for existentialism, - the problem of alienation. But the solution of this problem in these philosophical directions is not only deeply various, but also opposite. If for existentialism alienation represents an ontologic phenomenon, i.e. alienation accompanies existence of Man in all its stages, then for K. Marx this phenomenon has the social and historical nature and therefore exactly in the history of Man it arises and in the same history it is overcome.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):397-406
pages 397-406 views

SOCIOPHILOSOPHICAL REASONS FOR FORMING A CONCEPTION OF PROLETARIAN CULTURE: REVOLUTIONARY ARMED ORIGINS

Kolychev P.M., Losev K.V., Khakhalova A.A.

Abstract

Actuality of the article consists in the fact that culture plays crucial role in contemporary Russian society. The authors address the origins of this tendency. The aim of the article is an analysis of the beginning of the proletarian culture. As the resources for the paper archive documents of revolutionaries, political articles of that period, scientific papers and books of foreign and domestic authors are used. Problematic-analytic reconstruction with the elements of enactive approach is applied as a main method. The method allows to present the subject in its development and to make an original socio-philosophical interpretation of culture. The paper accentuate a prehistory of proletarian culture movement. Analyzing early works of A. Bogdanov, one of the father of the movement, the authors came to conclusion that the conception of proletarian culture was emerged from agitational politics of Bogdanov, who called to revolutionary armed uprising. Therefore, first stage of proletarian culture was agitation and propaganda for preparation of revolutionary active elements of combative movement. The paper shows the evolution of Boganov’s thought about foundation of proletarian culture: starting from discussing on necessity of revolutionary armed actions, Bogdanov slowly came up with Marxist argumentation of his conception.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):407-420
pages 407-420 views

THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MARXIST EPISTEMOLOGY: THE ORIGINS, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS

Naidysh V.M., Naidysh O.V.

Abstract

Marxist epistemology should not be identified with either “Lenin’s theory of reflection” or the theory of reflection as such. Marxist epistemology - an open scientific and philosophical project, the theoretical basis of which are two principles, reflection and activities, and the methodological basis is the systemic-structural approach (systemcentric). The main problem of the theoretical foundations of Marxist epistemology is to find ways of synthesis of reflection and activity. The thing-centric methodology does not allow to correctly identify and solve this problem. In the light of Sistematizma the reflection principle does not contradict the active constructivism, activity appears as a moment of reflection. The subject constructs different interpretations of the external world, but admits the reality not of any interpretations, but only those that help him to navigate and survive in the surrounding world. The activity of reflection acquires a purposeful active character, starting from the level of perception. Perception is a cyclical, iterative process that unfolds through the nomination and change of hypotheses, their correlation with the expected result, aimed at clarifying the specific, individual characteristics of the perceived object. The principle of unity of reflection and activity makes it possible to clarify the process of thinking, presenting it as an active transformation by the subject of the sensual image by operations that are extracted from the image itself and fixed by the signs of the language. As a result of the interaction of operands (what the activity of the subject is directed at, i.e. images, their fragments, abstractions, etc.) and operations on them, an ideal model of the real object of knowledge is constructed. The analysis of such an ideal model, its abstractions and their connections with each other, allows the subject to identify the essential characteristics of the real object of knowledge.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):421-433
pages 421-433 views

SENSUALITY IN THE PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF MARX-ANTIUTOPIST

Kolomiets G.G., Lyasheko P.V.

Abstract

As you know, Marx’s idea of the relationship between the methods of production of material life and the processes of social, political, spiritual life, indicates the interdependence of consciousness and objective reality. At the same time, consciousness, which operates with ideal-model forms on the basis of sensory perception and has a creative ability, acts as a social product from the very generation of people. Modern conditions of technogenic civilization induce to search of philosophical thought about balance of sensual and rational approaches in creative and destructive activity of the person. The authors of the article, adhering to the anthropo-axiological method and the idea of “utopia of ethnic symbiosis” as the possibility of the existence of the global world, pay attention to the role of the sensual principle in Marx’s theory. The article deals with the phenomenon of sensuality in the context of the anti-utopian approach in the philosophical-anthropological concept K. Marx. The authors refer to the fact that the thinker in his early economic and philosophical works notes the importance of the “essential forces of man”, sensuality, inextricably linked with consciousness and which is a prerequisite for practical and spiritual-practical activity. Sensuality, conditioned by a developed bodily organization and developed psyche, is a way of creating objective, actual being. It acts as “the feelings of a social person” and “the richness of subjective human sensuality”, capable of enjoyment, which is a feature of “human essential forces”. At the same time, the authors note that K. Marx, for whom communism is the form and principle of the future, and not utopia, deliberately refuses to develop ideal models of sociality, referring to the material, practical side of human activity on the basis of subject-object interactions that actually transform the existence of man with the significance of human essential forces. For the purpose of critical analysis of utopian problems, as a starting thesis Marx proclaims not only a conscious departure from utopian, as inappropriate to the needs of the modern stage of development of society, i.e. the Mature state of capitalist production and Mature class relations, but also defines a different conceptual and methodological formulation of the problem of man and his attitude to the outside world. It is in the problem field of anthropological theory that allows us to rethink the value of human life itself, the contradictions in the activities of a person interacting with society and the state, that the problem of utopian in the philosophical system of K. Marx is solved. The thinker declares the end of utopia, creating a theoretical and conceptual basis for the subsequent philosophical dilemma “utopia - anti-utopia”.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):434-445
pages 434-445 views

HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

INDIAN CONTRIBUTION TO INTERCULTURAL PHILOSOPHY

Stepanyants M.T.

Abstract

The high activity of Indian philosophers in the development of intercultural discourse is caused by several reasons, to which the inclusive nature of Indian civilization and the richness of its hermeneutical tradition belong. Ram Adhar Mall, Jonardon Ganery and Arindam Chakrabarti are the most prominent modern philosophers of Indian origin among the advocates of intercultural philosophy. The first is the President-founder of the International Society for Intercultural Philosophy, the author of a world renowned book “Intercultural Philosophy” (2000). He is the creator of “analogous hermeneutics”, based on Jain concept of anekantavada . J. Ganery is famous for “Manifesto for Re:emergent Philosophy” (2016) in which he claims the existence of multiple ways of perceiving reality, the diversity of ways of thinking. Rethinking models of understanding, Ganery appeals to Nyaya logics. A. Chakrabarti advocates “Comparative Philosophy without Borders” (2016). These are major texts of the post-colonial era, characterized by the movement for the liberation from intellectual dependence by applying an intercultural method of philosophizing.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):446-454
pages 446-454 views

‘DIALOGUES ON HINDU PHILOSOPHY’ BY KRISHNAMOHUN BANERJEA: HISTORY OF THOUGHT IN THE INTERPRETATION OF INDIAN CHRISTIAN

Skorokhodova T.G.

Abstract

The first Modern attempt to research a history of Indian philosophy by Indian scholar, theologian and social activist Krishnamohun Banerjea (1813-1885) is considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to show how in ‘Dialogues on the Hindu Philosophy’ is solved the problem of a choice of the basis for understanding by Indian intellectuals their own classical philosophy. Methodology of the article’s author is phenomenological approach which makes clear intentions and motives of the scientist and hermeneutical analysis of ‘Dialogues’. As a result, methodology of historical-philosophical research used in the book is exposed: viz. principle of historicism, analysis of philosophical schools’ Sanskrit sources, intercultural and interschool comparison, analysis of basic categories’ origin. The content of dialogue is described, including Hinduism’s content, a history of genesis of Brahminical schools and analysis of basic categories and ideas of Nyaya, Sankhya and Vedanta. Creating the image of Indian classical philosophy as indigenous thought on a being and thinking, K. Banerjea had resolved methodological problem of Indians’ approach to their own philosophical traditions - as objective, non-attached to any school and based on strict analysis of sources.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):455-467
pages 455-467 views

“HE LIFTED THE VEIL OF THE MYSTERIES OF MEANING”: SUMMARIZING OF FARID AL-DIN ‘ATTAR’S PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS

Fedorova Y.E.

Abstract

The literary achievements of the major Persian Sufi poet Farid ad-Din ‘Attar Nishapuri (1145/46-1221) ranges with the great poets of the turn of 12th and 13th century Sanai (d. 1131) and Jalal al-Din Rumi (d. 1273) in the history of classical Persian literature. However, the author of this article sets himself the task of presenting ‘Attar not as a poet, but as a thinker, who made a significant contribution to the development of Persian Sufism. The study is based on the analysis of the most important Attar’s poetical composition - “The Language of the Birds” ( Mantiq al-tayr ). Particular attention is given to the description of the categories and principles of theorizing, reflecting the philosophical approach to understanding reality. The author uses the methods of philological and textological analysis, the method of philosophical interpretation of the poetic text, identifying the relationship between specific poetic concepts and philosophical terms. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is representing systematically Attar’s philosophical views of for the first time in Russian philosophical Iranian studies. Analysis of the explicit references and the hidden allusions to specific concepts and the most important provisions of the Sufi doctrine, description of ‘Attar’s philosophical strategy and his understanding of philosophy, comparing ‘Attar’s views with the philosophical ideas of the major Sufi thinker Ibn ‘Arabi (1165-1240) allows the author to put ‘Attar’s philosophy into the context of Islamic medieval philosophical tradition.

RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):468-475
pages 468-475 views

DISCUSSION PLATFORM

HOME LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE HOME: THE EXPERIENCE TO APPLY L. WITTGENSTEIN’S METHODOLOGY OF “PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS” TO THE THEORY OF BORDERS

Shachin S.V., Komleva L.A.

Abstract

This article shows the relationship of primitive language with corporal life, which (i.e. life), includes solid bodies’ manipulation in the house construction. At the same time, the subjects of speech make certain projections, that is, they propagate those attitudes of consciousness that they had possessed while performing those corporal operations and which are expressed in speech forms, on the rest of the reality that had emerged from a stable state. We prove the inapplicability of these projections to the modern nonlinear processes comprehension in the context of the global crisis. L. Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language analysis is transformed into J. Habermas’s philosophy of communicative mind through the understanding of the problem of individuality in order to preserve the subject of the modern era from disintegration. As a result the ways to overcoming non-genuine contemporary globalization are found out through the interpenetration of the senses in the perception and comprehension of being in different cultures and peoples.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):476-485
pages 476-485 views

TRANSLATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS

pages 486-498 views

SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HERMAN COHEN IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY

Belov V.N., Petrov V.B., Lebedeva A.V.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):499-508
pages 499-508 views

CRITICS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

THE PHENOMENON OF SPIRITUALITY IN MODERN RELIGIOUS STUDIES: SCIENTIFIC “CHALLENGE” OR ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL RELIGIOSITY. Review of G. Orekhanov (archpriest), K.A. Kolkunova (ed.) “Spirituality”: Discourse and reality. Moscow: PSTGU, 2017. 152 p. (In Russ.)

Berdnikova A.Y.

Abstract

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RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2018;22(4):509-514
pages 509-514 views

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